Transcriptional analysis of the divergent cagAB genes encoded by the pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori

Molecular Microbiology

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 361-372

  Spohn, Gunther ^a   Beier, Dagmar ^a   Rappuoli, Rino ^a   Scarlato, Vincenzo ^a  

^a CHIRON VACCINES   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE;

ARTICLE; CONSENSUS SEQUENCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PATHOGENICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ESCHERICHIA COLI; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; PROKARYOTA;

EID: 0030728522     PISSN: 0950382X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.5831949.x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Atlung, T., and Ingmer, H. (1997) H-NS: a modulator of environmentally regulated gene expression. Mol Microbiol 24: 7-17.
2. Attey, A., Belyaeva, T., Savery, N., Hogget, J., Fujita, N., Ishihama, A., and Busby, S. (1994) Interactions between the cyclic AMP receptor protein and the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase at the Escherichia coli galactose operon P1 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4335-4380.
3. Bashyam, M.D., Kaushal, D., Dasgupta, S.K., and Tyagi, A.K. (1996) A study of the mycobacterial transcriptional apparatus: identification of novel features in promoter elements. J Bacteriol 178: 4847-4853.
4. Blaser, M.J. (1987) Gastric Campylobacter-like organisms, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Gastroenterology 93: 371-382.
5. Censini, S., Lange, C., Xiang, Z., Crabtree, J.E., Ghiara, P., Borodovsky, M., Rappuoli, R., and Covacci, A. (1996) cag, a pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori, encodes type I-specific and disease-associated virulence factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 14648-14653.
6. Covacci, A., Censini, S., Bugnoli, M., Petracca, R., Burroni, D., Macchia, G., Massone, A., Papini, E., Xiang, Z., Figura, N., and Rappuoli, R. (1993) Molecular characterization of the 128-kDa immunodominant antigen of Helicobacter pylori associated with cytotoxicity and duodenal ulcer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 5791-5795.
7. Covacci, A., Falkow, S., Berg, D.E., and Rappuoli, R. (1997) Did the inheritance of a pathogenicity island modify the virulence of Helicobacter pylori? Trends Microbiol 5: 205-208.
8. Cover, T.L., Tummuru, M.K., Cao, P., Thompson, S.A., and Blaser, M.J. (1994) Divergence of genetic sequences for the vacuolating cytotoxin among Helicobacter pylori strains. J Biol Chem 269: 10556-10573.
9. Cussac, V., Ferrera, R.L., and Labigne, A. (1992) Expression of Helicobacter pylori urease genes in Escherichia coli grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions. J Bacteriol 174: 2466-2473.
10. Dick, J.D. (1990) Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori: a twist on an old disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 108: 70-90.
11. Groisman, E.A., and Ochman, H. (1996) Pathogenicity islands: bacterial evolution in quantum leaps. Cell 87: 791-794.
12. Haas, R., Meyer, T.F., and van Putten, J.P.M. (1993) Aflagellated mutants of Helicobacter pylori generated by genetic transformation of naturally competent strains using shuttle mutagenesis. Mol Microbiol 8: 753-760.
13. Hanahan, D. (1983) Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. J Mol Biol 166: 557-580.
14. Karita, M., Tummuru, M.K.R., Wirth, H.P., and Blaser, M.J. (1996) Effect of growth phase and acidic shock on Helicobacter pylori cagA expression. Infect Immun 64: 4501-4507.
15. Kumar, A., Malloch, R.A., Fujita, N., Smillie, D.A., Ishihama, A., and Hayward, R.S. (1993) The minus 35 recognition region of Escherichia coli sigma 70 is inessential for initiation of transcription at an 'extended minus 10' promoter. J Mol Biol 232: 406-418.
16. Labigne-Roussel, A., Courcoux, P., and Tompkins, L. (1988) Gene disruption and replacement as feasible approach for mutagenesis of Campylobacter jejuni. J Bacteriol 170: 1704-1708.
17. Landini, P., and Volkert, M.R. (1995) RNA polymerase α subunit binding site in positively controlled promoters: a new model for RNA polymerase-promoter interaction and transcriptional activation in the Escherichia coli ada and aidB genes. EMBO J 14: 4329-4335.
18. Leying, H., Suerbaum, S., Geis, G., and Haas, R. (1992) Cloning and genetic characterization of a Helicobacter pylori flagellin gene. Mol Microbiol 6: 2863-2874.
19. Miller, J.H. (1972) Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
20. Mills, D.M., Bajaj, V., and Lee, C.A. (1995) A 40 kb chromosomal fragment encoding Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes is absent from the corresponding region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Mol Microbiol 15: 749-759.
21. Morschhäuser, J., Vetter, V., Emody, L., and Hacker, J. (1994) Adhesin regulatory genes within large, unstable DNA regions of pathogenic Escnerichia coli: cross-talk between different adhesin gene clusters. Mol Microbiol 11: 555-566.
22. Nomura, A., Stemmermann, G.N., Chyou, P.-H., Kato, I., Perez-Perez, G.I., and Blaser, M.J. (1991) Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma among Japanese Americans in Hawaii. N Engl J Med 325: 1132-1136.
23. Parsonnet, J., Friedman, G.D., Vandersteen, D.P., Cgang, Y., Vogelman, J.H., Orentreich, N., and Sibley, R.K. (1991) Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med 325: 1127-1131.
24. Ritter, A., Blum, G., Emody, L., Kerenyi, M., Bock, A., Neuhierl, B., Rabsch, W., Scheutz, F., and Hacker, J. (1995) tRNA genes and pathogenicity islands: influence on virulence and metabolic properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 17: 109-121.
25. Ross, W., Gosink, K.K., Salomon, J., Igarashi, K., Zou, C., Ishihama, A., Severinov, K., Gourse, R.L. (1993) A third recognition element in bacterial promoters: DNA binding by the α subunit of RNA polymerase. Science 262: 1407-1413.
26. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
27. Sarkari, J., Pandit, N., Moxon, E.R., and Achtman, M. (1994) Variable expression of the Ope outer membrane protein in Neisseria meningitidis is caused by size variation of a promoter containing poly cytidine. Mol Microbiol 13: 207-217.
28. Shea, J.E., Hensel, M., Gleeson, C., and Holden, D.W. (1996) Identification of a virulence locus encoding a second type III secretion system in Salmonella typhimurium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 2593-2597.
29. Studier, F.W., Rosenberg, A.H., Dunn, J.J., and Dubendorf, J.W. (1990) Use of T7 RNA polymerase to direct expression of cloned genes. Methods Enzymol 185: 60-89.
30. Suerbaum, S., Josenhans, C., and Labigne, A. (1993) Cloning and genetic characterization of the Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae flagellin genes and construction of H. pylori flaA- and flaB-negative mutants by electroporation-mediated allelic exchange. J Bacteriol 175: 3278-3288.
31. Tang, H., Severinov, K., Goldfarb, A., and Ebright, R.H. (1995) Rapid RNA polymerase genetics: One-day, no-column preparation of reconstituted recombinant Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 4902-4906.
32. Tang, H., Kim, Y., Severinov, K., Goldfarb, A., and Ebright, R.H. (1996) Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme: rapid reconstitution from recombinant α, β, β′ and α subunits. Methods Enzymol 273: 130-134.
33. Telford, J.L., Ghiara, P., Dell'Orco, M., Comanducci, M., Burroni, D., Bugnoli, M., Tecce, M.F., Censini, S., Covacci, A., Xiang, Z., Papini, E., Montecucco, C., Parente, L., and Rappuoli, R. (1994) Gene structure of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin and evidence of its role in gastric disease. J Exp Med 179: 1653-1658.
34. Tummuru, M.K.R., Cover, T.L., and Blaser, M.J. (1993) Cloning and expression of a high-molecular-mass major antigen of Helicobacter pylori: evidence of linkage to cytotoxin production. Infect Immun 61: 1799-1809.
35. Wang, Y., and Taylor, D.E. (1990) Chloramphenicol resistance in Campylobacter coli: nucleotide sequence, expression, and cloning vector construction. Gene 94: 23-28.
36. Warren, J.R., and Marshall, B. (1983) Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet i: 1273-1275.
37. Werner, M.H., and Burley, S.K. (1997) Architectural transcription factors: proteins that remodel DNA. Cell 88: 733-736.
38. Xiang, Z., Censini, S., Bayeli, P.F., Telford, J.L., Figura, N., Rappuoli, R., and Covacci, A. (1995) Analysis of expression of CagA and VacA virulence factors in 43 strains of Helicobacter pylori reveals that clinical isolates can be divided into two major types and that CagA is not necessary for expression of the vacuolating cytotoxin. Infect Immun 63: 94-98.