The tetrazolium dyes MTS and XTT provide new quantitative assays for superoxide and superoxide dismutase

Free Radical Research

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 283-289

  Sutherland, Mark W ^a   Learmonth, Barbara A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cytochrome c; MTS; NBT; Superoxide assay; Tetrazolium dyes; XTT

Indexed keywords

CYTOCHROME C; FORMAZAN; OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TETRAZOLIUM; XANTHINE; XANTHINE OXIDASE;

ARTICLE; CELL CULTURE; CELL GROWTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; OXIDATION; QUANTITATIVE ASSAY; REDUCTION; TISSUE CULTURE;

EID: 0030722559     PISSN: 10715762     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10715769709065766     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Beauchamp, C. and Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44, 276-287.
2. McCord, J. M. and Fridovich, I. (1969). Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244, 6049-6055.
3. Seidler, E. (1991). The tetrazolium-formazan system: design and histochemistry. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 24, 1-86.
4. Apostol, I., Heinstein, P. F. and Low, P. S. (1989). Rapid stimulation of an oxidative burst during elicitation of cultured plant cells. Plant Physiology, 90, 109-116.
5. Sutherland, M. W. (1991). The generation of oxygen radicals during host plant responses to infection. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 39, 79-93.
6. Paull, K. D., Shoemaker, R. H., Boyd, M. R., Parsons, J. L., Risbood, P. A., Barbera, W. A., Sharma, M. N., Baker, D. C., Hand, E., Scudiero, D. A., Monks, A., Alley, M. C. and Grote, M. (1988). The synthesis of XTT: A new tctrazolium reagent that is bioreducible to a water-soluble formazan. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 25, 911-914.
7. Scudiero, J. D., Shoemaker, R. H., Paull, K. D., Monks, A., Tierney, S., Nofziger, T. H., Currens, M. J., Seniff, D. and Boyd, M. R. (1988). Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines. Cancer Research, 48, 4827-4833
8. Barltrop, J. A., Owen, T. C., Cory, A. H. and Cory, J. G. (1991). 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) and related analogs of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) reducing to purple water-soluble formazans as cell-viability indicators. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1, 611-614.
9. Cory, A. H., Owen, T. C., Barltrop, J. A. and Cory, J. G. (1991). Use of an aqueous soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth assays in culture. Cancer Communications, 3, 207-212.
10. Goodwin, C. J., Holt, S. J., Downes, S. and Marshall, N. J. (1995). Microculture tetrazolium assays: A comparison between two new tetrazolium salts, XTT and MTS. Journal of Immunological Methods, 179, 95-103.
11. Dunigan, D. D., Waters, S. B. and Owen, T. C. (1995). Aqueous soluble tetrazolium/formazan MTS as an indicator of NADH- and NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase activity. BioTechniques, 19, 640-649.
12. Goldstein, S., Michel, C., Bors, W., Saran, M. and Czapski, G. (1988). A critical reevaluation of some assay methods for superoxide dismutase activity. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 4, 295-303.
13. Goldstein, S. and Czapski, G. (1991). Comparison between different assays for superoxide dismutase-like activity. Free Radical Research Communications, 12-13, 5-10.
14. - radicals in aqueous solution. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 14, 1041-1100.
15. Massey, V. (1959). The microestimation of succinate and the extinction coefficient of cytochrome c. Biophysica Biochimica Acta, 34, 255-256.
16. Spitz, D. R. and Oberley, L. W. (1989). An assay for superoxide dismutase activity in mammalian tissue homogenates. Analytical Biochemistry, 179, 8-18.
17. Burdon, R. H., Gill, V. and Rice-Evans, C. (1993). Reduction of a tetrazolium salt and superoxide generation in human tumor cells (HeLa). Free Radical Research Communications, 18, 369-380.
18. Hammond-Kosack, K. E. and Jones, J. D. G. (1996). Resistance gene-dependent plant defense responses. The Plant Cell, 8, 1773-1791.
19. Azzi, A., Montecucco, C. and Richter, C. (1975). The use of acetylated ferricytochrome c for the detection of superoxide radicals produced in biological membranes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 65, 597-603.