The immunomodulatory compound 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole causes sequestration of lymphocytes in non-lymphoid tissues

Immunology and Cell Biology

Volumn 75, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 497-502

  Bradbury, M G ^b   Qiu, M R ^a   Parish, C R ^a  

^a Biology and Environment   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Caramel Colour III; Liver; Lymphocyte; THI

Indexed keywords

2 ACETYL 4 (1,2,3,4 TETRAHYDROXYBUTYL)IMIDAZOLE; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFECT; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; IMMUNOMODULATION; LIVER SINUSOID; LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION; LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; SPLEEN CELL; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0030722055     PISSN: 08189641     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/icb.1997.77     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Kröplien U, Rosdorfer J, van der Greef J, Long RC Jr, Goldstein JH. 2-Acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-butyl)-imidazole: detection in commercial Caramel Colour III and preparation by a model browning reaction. J. Org. Chem. 1985; 50: 1131-3.
2. Gobin SJP, Phillips JA. Immunosuppressive effects of 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI) in the rat. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1991; 85: 335-40.
3. Houben GF, Penninks AH. Immunotoxicity of the colour additive Caramel Colour III: a review on complicated issues in the safety evaluation of a food additive. Toxicology 1994; 91: 289-302.
4. Houben GF, Penninks AH, Seinen W, Vos JG, van Loveren H. Immunotoxic effects of the color additive Caramel Color III: immune function studies in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1993; 20: 30-7.
5. Mandel TE, Koulmanda M, Mackay IR. Prevention of spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with oral 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI), a component of caramel colouring III. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1992; 88: 414-19.
6. Houben GF, Abma PMH, van den Berg H et al. Effects of the colour additive caramel colour III on the immune system: a study with human volunteers. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1992; 30: 749-57.
7. Houben GF, van Dokkum W, van Loveren H et al. Effects of caramel colour III on the number of blood lymphocytes: a human study on caramel colour III immunotoxicity and a comparison of the results with data from rat studies. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1992; 30: 427-30.
8. de Heer C, Schuurman H-J, Houben GF, Pieters RHH, Penninks AH, van Loveren H. The SCID-hu mouse as a tool in immunotoxicological risk assessment: effects of 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutyl-imidazole (THI) and di-n-butyltin dichloride (DBTC) on the human thymus in SCID-hu mice. Toxicology 1995; 100: 203-11.
9. Bradbury MG, Doherty KV, Parish CR, Lyons AB. The immunosuppressive compound 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole inhibits the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction by sequestration of a recirculating subpopulation of T cells. Immunology 1996; 87: 80-5.
10. Gobin SJP, Legg RF, Phillips JA, Paine AJ. The effect of 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI) on lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood in the rat. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 1989; 11: 937-46.
11. Houben GF, van den Berg H, Kuijpers MHM et al. Effects of the color additive caramel color III and 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI) on the immune system of rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1992; 113: 43-54.
12. Iscaro A, Mackay IR, O'Brien C. Lymphopenic effects on mice of a component of ammonia caramel, 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI). Immunol. Cell. Biol. 1988; 66: 395-402.
13. Phillips JA, Paine AJ. Effect of pyridoxine on the disposition and lymphopenic effects of 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole in the rat. Xenobiotica 1990; 20: 555-62.
14. Davidson WF, Parish CR. A procedure for removing red cells and dead cells from lymphoid cell suspensions. J. Immunol. Methods 1975; 7: 291-300.
15. Hsu S, Soban E. Colour modification of diaminobenzidine precipitation by metallic ions and its application for double immunohistochemistry. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1982; 30: 1079-82.
16. Brenan M, Parish CR. Intracellular fluorescent labelling of cells for analysis of lymphocyte migration. J. Immunol. Methods 1984; 74: 31-8.
17. Brenan M, Parish CR, Schoefl GI. Topographical studies of lymphocyte localization using an intracellular fluorochrome. Anat. Rec. 1985; 213: 421-8.
18. Iiai T, Watanabe H, Seki S et al. Ontogeny and development of extrathymic T cells in mouse liver. Immunology 1992; 77: 556-63.
19. Popper H, Schaffner F. Liver: Structure and Function. New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1957.
20. Garcia-Barcina M, Lukomska B, Gawron W et al. Expression of cell adhesion molecules on liver-associated lymphocytes and their ligands on sinusoidal lining cells in patients with benign or malignant liver disease. Am. J. Pathol. 1995; 146: 1406-13.
21. La Riviere G, Klein Gebbinck JWTM, Schipper CA, Mooi WJ, Roos E. In vitro invasiveness of CTL clones and in vivo dissemination of CTL hybridomas. J. Leukoc. Biol. 1993; 53: 381-9.
22. -, on intermediate TCR cells in the liver and the modulation of their adhesion by hyaluronic acid. Immunology 1995; 84: 64-7.
23. Aruffo A, Stamenkovic I, Melnick M, Underhill CB, Seed B. CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. Cell 1990; 61: 1303-13.
24. Culty M, Miyake K, Kincade PW, Silorski E, Butcher EC, Underhill C. The hyaluronate receptor is a member of the CD44 (H-CAM) family of cell surface glycoproteins. J. Cell Biol. 1990; 111: 2765-74.
25. Lesley J, He Q, Miyake K, Hamann A, Hyman R, Kincade PW. Requirements for hyaluronic acid binding by CD44: a role for the cytoplasmic domain and activation by antibody. J. Exp. Med. 1992; 175: 257-66.
26. Lesley J, Schulte R, Hyman R. Binding of hyaluronic acid to lymphoid cell lines is inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against Pgp-1. Exp. Cell Res. 1990; 187: 224-33.
27. Stamenkovic I, Aruffo A, Amiot M, Seed B. The hematopoietic and epithelial forms of CD44 and distinct polypeptides with different adhesion potentials for hyaluronate-bearing cells. EMBO J. 1991; 10: 343-8.
28. Smedsrød B, Pertoft H, Eriksson S, Fraser JRE, Laurent TC. Studies in vitro on the uptake and degradation of sodium hyaluronate in rat liver endothelial cells. Biochem J. 1984; 223: 617-26.
29. DeGrendele HC, Estess P, Picker LJ, Siegelman MH. CD44 and its ligand hyaluronate mediate rolling under physiologic flow: a novel lymphocyte-endothelial cell primary adhesion pathway. J. Exp. Med. 1996; 183: 1119-30.