Field assessment of numerical impacts of coastal sewage disposal on fish larvae relative to natural variability

Environmental Biology of Fishes

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 415-434

  Gray, Charles A ^a  

^a NSW Fisheries Research Institute   (Australia)

Author keywords

Environmental assessment; Oceanography; Plumes; Pollution

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FISH LARVAE; SEWAGE DISPOSAL;

AUSTRALIA, NEW SOUTH WALES, SYDNEY;

EID: 0030708532     PISSN: 03781909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1007365232465     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Arfi, R., G. Champalbert & G. Patriti. 1981. Systeme planctonique et pollution urbaine: un aspect des populations zooplanctoniques. Mar. Biol. 61: 133-141.
2. Beder, S. 1989. Toxic fish and sewer surfing. Allen and Urwin, Sydney. 176 pp.
3. Blaxter, J.H.S. 1977. The effect of copper on the eggs and larvae of plaice and herring. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 57: 849-858.
4. Bodammer, J.E. 1993. The teratological and pathological effects of contaminants on embryonic and larval fishes exposed as embryos: a brief review. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 14: 77-84.
5. Clarke, K.R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust. J. Ecol. 18: 117-143.
6. Clarke, K.R.& R.H. Green. 1988. Statistical design and analysis for a 'biological effects' study. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 46: 213-226.
7. Cowen, R.K., J.A. Hare & M.P. Fahay. 1993. Beyond hydrography: can physical processes explain larval fish assemblages within the middle Atlantic bight? Bull. Mar. Sci. 53: 567-587.
8. Dawson-Shepherd, A., R.M. Warwick, K.R. Clarke & B.E. Brown. 1992. An analysis of fish community responses to coral mining in the Maldives. Env. Biol. Fish. 33: 367-380.
9. Epifanio, C.E. 1988. Transport of invertebrate larvae between estuaries and the continental shelf. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 3: 104-114.
10. Pagan, P., A.G. Miskiewicz & P.M. Tate. 1992. An approach to monitoring sewage outfalls. A case study on the Sydney deepwater sewage outfalls. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 25: 172-180.
11. Fairweather, P.G. 1990. Sewage and the biota on seashores: assessment of impact in relation to natural variability. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 14: 197-210.
12. Ferraro, S.P., R.C. Swartz, F.A. Cole & D.W. Schults. 1991. Temporal changes in the benthos along a pollution gradient: dis-criminating the effects of natural phenomena from sewage-industrial waste water effects. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 33:383-407.
13. Ferron, A. & W.C. Leggett. 1994. An appraisal of condition measures for marine fish larvae. Advances in Mar. Biol. 30: 217-303.
14. Field, J.G., K.R. Clarke & R.M. Warwick. 1982. A practical strategy for analysing multispecies distribution patterns. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 8: 37-52.
15. Fogarty, M.J., M.P. Sissenwine & E.B. Cohen. 1991. Recruitment variability and the dynamics of exploited marine populations. Trends Ecol. Evol. 6: 241-246.
16. Gray, C.A. 1993. Horizontal and vertical trends in the distribution of larval fishes in coastal waters off central New South Wales, Australia. Mar. Biol. 116: 649-666.
17. Gray, C.A. 1995. The influences of sewage plumes and oceanography on assemblages of larval fishes. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney. 439 pp.
18. Gray, C.A. 1996a. Intrusions of surface sewage plumes into continental shelf waters: interactions with larval and presettlememnt juvenile fishes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 139: 31-45.
19. Gray, C.A. 1996b. Do thermoclines explain the vertical distributions of larval fishes in the dynamic coastal waters of south-eastern Australia? Mar. Freshw. Res. 47: 183-190.
20. Gray, C.A., N.M. Otway, F.A. Laurenson, A.G. Miskiewicz & R.L. Pethebridge 1992. Distribution and abundance of marine fish larvae in relation to effluent plumes from sewage outfalls and depth of water. Mar. Biol. 113: 549-559.
21. Gray, C.A., N.M. Otway & A.G. Miskiewicz. 1997. Numerical responses of larval fishes to deepwater sewage outfalls: a field assessment. Mar. Pollut. Bull, (in press).
22. Gray, J.S., K.R. Clarke, R.M. Warwick & G. Hobbs. 1990. Detection of initial effects of pollution on marine benthos: an example from the Ekofisk and Eldfisk oilfields, North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 66: 285-299.
23. Grigg, R.W. 1994. Effects of sewage discharge, fishing pressure and habitat complexity on coral ecosystems and reef fishes in Hawaii. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 103: 25-34.
24. Haldorson, L., M. Prichett, A.J. Paul & D. Ziemann. 1993. Vertical distribution and migration of fish larvae in a Northeast Pacific bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 101: 67-80.
25. Hall, L.W. 1991. A synthesis of water quality and contaminants data on early life stages of striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Rev. Aquatic Sci. 4: 261-288.
26. Hall, L.W., S.E. Finger & M.C. Ziegenfuss. 1993. A review of in situ and on-site striped bass contaminant and water-quality Studies in Maryland waters of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 14: 3-15.
27. Haury, L.R., J.A. McGowan & PH. Wiebe. 1978. Patterns and processes in the time-space scales of plankton distributions, pp. 277-327. In: J. Steele (ed.) Spatial Pattern in Plankton Communities, Plenum Press, New York.
28. Heath, M.R. 1992. Field investigations of the early life stages of marine fish. Adv. Mar. Biol. 28: 1-174.
29. Hoss, D.E., L.C. Coston & W.E. Schaaf. 1974. Effects of sea water extracts of sediment from Charlestown Harbour, S.C., on larval estuarine fishes. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2: 323-328.
30. Karas, P., E. Neuman & O. Sandstrom. 1991. Effects of a pulp mill effluent on the population dynamics of perch, Perca fluviatilis. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48:28-34.
31. Keough, M.J. & K.P. Black. 1996. Predicting the scale of marine impacts: understanding planktonic links between populations, pp. 199-234. In: R.J. Schmitt & C.W.O senberg (ed.) Detecting Ecological Impacts: Concepts and Applications in Coastal Habitats, Academic Press, San Diego.
32. Kingsford, M.J. 1990. Linear oceanographic features: a focus for research on recruitment processes. Aust. J. Ecol. 15: 391-401.
33. Kingsford, M.J. & C.A. Gray. 1996. Influence of pollutants and oceanography on abundance and deformities of wild fish larvae, pp. 235-255. In: R.J. Schmitt & C.W. Osenberg (ed.) Detecting Ecological Impacts: Concepts and Applications in Coastal Habitats, Academic Press, San Diego.
34. Kingsford, M.J. & I.M. Suthers. 1994. Dynamic estuarine plumes and fronts: importance to small fish and plankton in coastal waters of NSW, Australia. Cont. Shelf Res. 14, 655-672.
35. Kingsford, M.J., I.M. Suthers & C.A. Gray. 1997. Exposure to sewage plumes and the incidence of deformities in larval fishes. Mar. Pollut. Bull, (in press).
36. Le Fèvre, J. 1986. Aspects of the biology of frontal systems. Adv. Mar. Biol. 23: 163-299.
37. Leis, J.M. 1991a. The pelagic stage of coral reef fishes: the larval biology of coral reef fishes, pp. 183-230. In: P.F. Sale (ed.) The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs, Academic Press, New York.
38. Leis, J.M. 1991b. Vertical distribution of fish larvae in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon, Australia. Mar. Biol. 109: 157-166.
39. Leis, J.M. & D.S. Rennis. 1983. The larvae of Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. New South Wales University Press, Sydney and University Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 269 pp.
40. Leis, J.M. & T. Trnski. 1989. The larvae of Indo-Pacific shorefishes. New South Wales University Press, Sydney. 371 pp.
41. Longwell, A.C., S. Chang, A. Hebert, J.B. Hughes & D. Perry. 1992. Pollution and development abnormalities of Atlantic fishes. Env. Biol. Fish. 35: 1-21.
42. Mehrle, P.M., L. Cleveland & D.R. Buckler. 1987. Chronic toxicity of an environmental contaminant mixture to young or larval striped bass. Water Air Soil Pollut. 35: 107-118.
43. Mileikovsky, S.A. 1970. The influence of pollution on pelagic larvae of bottom invertebrates in marine nearshore and estuarine waters. Mar. Biol. 6: 350-356.
44. Miskiewicz, A.G. 1987. Taxonomy and ecology of fish larvae in Lake Macquarie and New South Wales coastal waters. Ph.D. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney. 191 pp.
45. Moser, H.G., W.S. Richards, D.M. Cohen, M.P. Fahay, A.W. Kendall & S.L. Richardson (ed.). 1984. Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication 1, Allen Press, Lawrence. 760 pp.
46. Moser, H.G. & P.E. Smith. 1993. Larval fish assemblages of the California current region and their horizontal and vertical distributions across a front. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53: 645-691.
47. Nair, V.R., S.N. Gajbhiye & B.N. Desai. 1991. Effect of pollution on the distribution of chaetognaths in the nearshore waters of Bombay. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 20: 43-48.
48. Osenberg, C.W., R.J. Schmitt, S.J. Holbrook, K.E. Abu-saba & A.R. Flegal. 1994. Detection of environmental impacts: natural variability, effect size, and power analysis. Ecol. Applic. 4: 16-30.
49. Otway, N.M. 1995. Assessing impacts of deepwater sewage disposal: a case study from New South Wales, Australia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 31: 347-354.
50. Otway, N.M., C.A. Gray, J.R. Craig, T.A. McVea & J.E. Ling. 1996. Assessing the impacts of deepwater sewage outfalls on spatially and temporally variable marine communities. Mar. Environ. Res. 41: 45-71.
51. Raimondi P.T. & D.C. Reed. 1996. Determining the extent of ecological impacts caused by local anthropogenic disturbances in coastal marine habitats, pp. 179-198. In:R.J. Schmitt & C.W. Osenberg (ed.) Detecting Ecological Impacts: Concepts and Applications in Coastal Habitats, Academic Press, San Diego.
52. Richards, W.J., M.G. McGowan, T. Leming, J.T. Lamkin & S. Kelley. 1993. Larval fish assemblages at the loop current boundary in the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53: 475-537.
53. Russo, A.R. 1992. Temporal changes in fish community structure near a sewage ocean outfall, Mokapu, Oahu, Hawaii. Mar. Environ. Res. 6: 83-98.
54. Schroeter, S.C., J.D. Dixon, J Kastendiek, R.O. Smith & J.R. Bence. 1993. Detecting the ecological effects of environmental impacts: a case study of kelp forest invertebrates. Ecol. Applic. 3: 331-350.
55. Siokou-Frangou, I. & E. Papathanassiou. 1991. Differentiation of Zooplankton populations in a polluted area. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 76: 41-51.
56. Smith, S.D.A. 1994. Impact of domestic sewage effluent versus natural background variability: an example from Jervis Bay, New South Wales. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 45: 1045-1064.
57. Smith, S.D.A. & R.D. Simpson. 1993. Effects of pollution on holdfast macrofauna of the kelp Ecklonia radiata: discrimination at different taxonomic levels. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 96: 199-208.
58. Tanabe, S., A. Nishimura, S. Hanaoka, T. Yanagi, H. Takeoka & R. Tatsukawa. 1991. Persistant organochlorines in coastal fronts. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 22: 344-353.
59. Thrush, S.F., J. Pridmore & J.E. Hewitt. 1994. Impacts on soft-sediment macrofauna: the effects of spatial variation on temporal trends. Ecol. Applic. 4: 31-41.
60. Underwood, A.J. 1981. Techniques of analysis of variance in experimental marine biology and ecology. Oceanog. Mar. Biol.: an Annual Rev. 19: 513-605.
61. Underwood, A.J. 1991. Beyond BACI: experimental designs for detecting human impacts on temporal variations in natural populations. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 42: 569-587.
62. Underwood, A.J. 1992. Beyond BACI: the detection of environmental impacts on populations in the real, but variable, world. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 161: 145-178.
63. Underwood, A.J. 1994. On beyond BACI: sampling designs that might reliably detect environmental disturbances. Ecol. Applic. 4: 3-15.
64. Underwood, A.J. & P.G. Fairweather. 1989. Supply-side ecology and benthic marine assemblages. Trends Ecol. Evol. 4: 16-20.
65. Vecchione, M. 1989. Zooplankton distribution in three estuarine bayous with different types of anthropogenic influence. Estuaries 12: 169-179.
66. Warwick, R.M., H.M. Platt, K.R. Clarke, J. Agard & G. Gobin. 1990. Analysis of macrobenthic and meiobenthic community structure in relation to pollution and disturbance in Hamilton Harbour, Bermuda. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 138: 119-142.
67. Weis, J.S. & P. Weis. 1989. Effects of environmental pollutants on early fish development. Rev. Aquat. Sci. 1: 45-73.
68. Weis, P. & J.S. Weis. 1982. Toxicity of methylmercury, mercuric chloride and lead in killifish (Fundulus heteroditus) from Southampton, New York. Env. Res. 28: 364-374.
69. Westernhagen, H.V. 1988. Sublethal effects of pollutants on fish eggs and larvae, pp. 253-346. In: W.S. Hoar & D.J. Randall (ed.) Fish Physiology 11. Academic Press, San Diego.
70. Zmarley, D.L., T.D. Stebbins, D. Pasko, R.M. Duggan & K.L. Barwick. 1994. Spatial patterns and temporal succession in soft-bottom macroinvertebrate assemblages surrounding an ocean outfall on the southern San Diego shelf: relation to anthropogenic and natural events. Mar. Biol. 118: 293-307.