Strategic location of R&D and emerging patterns of globalization: The case of Astra Research Centre India

International Journal of Technology Management

Volumn 14, Issue 2-4, 1997, Pages 344-361

  Reddy, Prasada ^a   Sigurdson, Jon ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Developing countries; East European countries; Globalization of R D; Location of R D; Low cost countries; Scientification; Transnational corporations (TNCs)

Indexed keywords

COMPETITION; COSTS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; MARKETING; STRATEGIC PLANNING; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER;

TRANSNATIONAL COOPERATIONS (TNC);

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT;

EID: 0030706417     PISSN: 02675730     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/ijtm.1997.001727     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Bartlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, S. (1991) Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, USA.
2. Granstrand, O., Håkanson, L. and Sjölander, S. (1992) 'Introduction and Overview', Chapter 1 in: Granstrand, Hâkanson and Sjölander (eds) Technology Management and International Business: Inteniationalization of R&D and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, U.K.
3. Valiukov, V. (1992) 'Science of Russia in the transition period, problem of brain drain', paper presented at the International Seminar on Transformation of Science in Poland: Brain Drain Issues, European Institute for Regional Local Development, University of Warsaw, Poland, 15-18 November 1992.
4. OECD (1988) Science and Technology Policy Outlook 1988, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris.
5. Håkanson, L. (1990) 'International decentralization of R&D - the organizational challenges', in Bartlett, Doz and Headlund (eds) Managing the Global Finn, Routledge, London and New York.
6. Ronstadt, R. (1977) Research and Development Abroad by US Multinationals, Praeger Publishers, New York.
7. Freeman, C. (1982) The Economics of Industrial Innovation (2nd edn) Frances Pinter Publishers.
8. Porter, M.E. (1990) 'The competitive advantage of nations', Harvard Business Review, March/April, pp. 73-93.
9. Pearce, R.D. (1991) 'The globalization of R and D by TNCs', The CTC Reporter, No. 31 (Spring).
10. Dörrenbächer, C. and Wortmann, M. (1991) 'The internationalization of corporate research and development', Intereconomics, May/June.
11. India Economic Update, 1 May 1994. p. 8.
12. Far Eastern Economic Review, 2 March 1989.
13. World Development, UNDP, September 1992.
14. Texas Instruments and other company reports.
15. Far Eastern Economic Review, 30 April 1992.
16. Business Week, 30 November 1992.
17. Yamada, B. (1990) Internationalization Strategies of Japanese Electronics Companies - Implications for Asian Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs), OECD Technical Paper No. 28, Paris.
18. Electronic World News, 27 July 1990.
19. Electronics Weekly, 25 July 1990.
20. Scientific American, February 1993.
21. The Economist, 30 May 1992.
22. See also Ramachandran, J. (1991) 'Strongly goal-oriented biomedical research - Astra Research Centre India', Current Science, Vol. 60, Nos 9&10, 25 May 1991.
23. Sampath, K. (1990) 'Astra Research Centre, India - a unique experiment in strategic collaboration', BioSpectra, November-December.
24. Shetty, A. (1991) 'Astra Research Centre - straining for success', SCI-TECH, The Economic Times, India, 28 September 1991.
25. Craemer, D. (1976) Overseas Research and Development by United States Multinationals, 1966-1975: Estimates of Expenditures and A Statistical Profile, The Conference Board, New York.
26. Behrman, J.N. and Fischer, W.A. (1980) Overseas R&D Activities of Transnational Companies, Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain, Cambridge, MA.
27. Hymer, S. (1976) International Operations of National Finns: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
28. Håkanson, L. and Nobel, R. (1993) 'Foreign research and development in Swedish multinationals', Research Policy, Vol. 22, pp. 373-396.
29. Chesnais, F. (1988) 'Multinational enterprises and the international diffusion of technology', in Dosi, Freeman, Nelson, Silverberg and Soete (eds) Technical Change and Economic Theory, Printer Publishers, London and New York.
30. Sigurdson, J. (1990) 'The internationalization of R&D - an interpretation of forces and responses' in Sigurdson (ed.) Measuring The Dynamics of Technological Change, Printer Publishers, London and New York.
31. Cantwell, J. (1992) 'The internationalization of technological activity and its implications for competitiveness', in Granstrand, Håkanson and Sjölander (eds) Technology Management and International Business: Internationalization of R&D and Technology, John Wiley & Sons.
32. Dunning, J.H. (1992) 'Multinational enterprises and the globalization of innovatory capacity', in Granstrand, Håkanson and Sjölander (eds) Technology Management and International Business: Intemationalization of R&D and Technology, John Wiley & Sons.
33. Perez, C. and Soete, L. (1988) 'Catching up in technology: entry barriers and windows of opportunity', in Dosi, Freeman, Nelson, Silverberg and Soete (eds) Technical Change and Economic Theory, Printer Publishers, London and New York.
34. De Meyer, A. and Mizushima, A. (1989) 'Global R&D management', R&D Management, Vol. 19, No. 2, April.
35. Howells, J. R. (1993) 'Emerging global strategies in innovation management', in Humbert (ed) The Impact of Globalization on Europe's Firms and Industries, Pinter Publishers, London and New York.
36. Kenney, M. and Florida, R. (1994) 'The organization and geography of Japanese R&D: results from a survey of Japanese electronics and biotechnology firms', Research Policy, Vol. 23, pp. 305-323.
37. De Meyer, A. (1993) 'Management of an international network of industrial R&D laboratories', R&D Management, Vol. 23, No. 2, April.
38. Casson, M. and Singh, S. (1993) 'Corporate research and development strategies: the influence of firm, industry and country factors on the decentralization of R&D', R&D Management, Vol. 23, No. 2, April.