Current and projected rates of hip fracture in Canada

CMAJ. Canadian Medical Association Journal

Volumn 157, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 1357-1363

  Papadimitropoulos, Emmanuel A ^a   Coyte, Peter C ^a,b   Josse, Robert G ^c   Greenwood, Carol E ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EVALUATIVE SCIENCES   (Canada)

^c ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^d Kunin Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit and Department of Food and Nutrition Services and Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; CANADA; DATA ANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FEMUR FRACTURE; GENDER; HIP ARTHROPLASTY; HIP FRACTURE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREDICTION; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0030700667     PISSN: 08203946     EISSN: 14882329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Josse RG. Osteoporosis. A modern plague: widespread, expensive and too often deadly. Can Pharm J 1989;122:460-8.
2. Goeree R, O'Brien B, Pettitt D, Cuddy L, Ferraz M, Adachi J. An assessment of the burden of illness due to osteoporosis in Canada. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can 1996;18(suppl July):15-24.
3. Phillips S, Fox N, Jacobs J, Wright WE. The direct medical costs of osteoporosis for American women aged 45 and older, 1986. Bone 1988;9:271-9.
4. Norris RJ. Medical costs of osteoporosis. Bone 1992;13(suppl 2):s11-6.
5. Gallagher JC, Melton LJ, Riggs BL, Bergstrath F. Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal femur in Rochester, Minnesota. Clin Orthop 1980;150:163-71.
6. Narod S, Spasoff RA. Economic and social burden of osteoporosis. In: Uhthoff HK, editor. Current concepts of bone fragility. New York: Springer; 1986, p. 391-401.
7. Chrischilles E., Shireman T, Wallace R. Costs and health effects of osteoporotic fractures. Bone 1994;15:377-86.
8. Albright F, Smith PH, Richardson AM. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. JAMA 1941;116:2465-74.
9. Christiansen C, Christiansen MS, McNair P, Hagen C, Stocklund K, Transbol IB. Prevention of early menopausal bone loss: controlled 2 year study in 315 normal females. Eur J Clin Invest 1980;10:273-9.
10. Ettinger B, Genant HK, Cann CE. Long-term estrogen therapy prevents bone loss and fracture. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:319-24.
11. Lindsay R, Hart DM, Clark DM. The minimum effective dose of estrogen for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63:759-63.
12. Lindsay R, Tohme J. Estrogen treatment of patients with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:290-5.
13. Scientific Advisory Board, Osteoporosis Society of Canada. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Can Med Assoc J 1996;155:1113-33.
14. Murray TM. Calcium nutrition and osteoporosis. In: Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada [special supplement]. Can Med Assoc J 1996;155:935-9.
15. Holick MF. Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(3 suppl):638S-645S.
16. Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Bröll J, Minne HW, Quan H, Bell NH, et al. Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1995;333(22):1437-43.
17. Kauffman RF, Bryant HU. Selective estrogen receptor modulators. Drug News Perspect 1995;8:531-9.
18. Reginster JY. Treatment of bone in elderly subjects: calcium, vitamin D, fluoride, bisphosphonates, calcitonin. Hormone Res 1995;43:83-8.
19. Pak CYC, Zerwekh JE, Antich PP, Bell NH, Singer FR. Slow-release sodium fluoride in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:561-4.
20. Jaglal SB, Kreiger N, Darlington G. Past and recent physical activity and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:107-18.
21. Fuchs-Young R, Glasebrook AL, Short LL, Draper MW, Rippy MK, Cole HW, et al. Raloxifene is a tissue-selective agonist/antagonist that functions through the estrogen receptor. Ann NY Acad Sci 1995;761:355-60.
22. Age, sex and marital status. 1991 census of Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 1992. Cat no 93-310.
23. Population projections for Canada, provinces and territories 1993-2016. Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 1994. Cat no 91-520 Occasional.
24. International classification of diseases. 9th rev. Los Angeles: Practice Management Information Corp; 1994.
25. Jaglal SB, Sherry PG, Schatzker J. The impact and consequences of hip fracture in Ontario. Can J Surg 1996;39:105-11.
26. Lilenfeld AM, Lilenfeld DE. Foundations of epidemiology. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1980. p. 76-8.
27. Hospital morbidity, 1989-90. Health Rep 1992;4(1 suppl 1).
28. Bagur A, Mautalen C, Rubin Z. Epidemiology of hip fractures in an urban population of central Argentina. Osteoporos Int 1994;4:332-5.
29. Martin AD, Silverthorn KG, Houston CS, Bernhardson S, Wadja A, Roos LL. The incidence of fracture of the proximal femur in two million Canadians from 1972 to 1984. Clin Orthop 1991;266:111-8.
30. Williams JI, Young W. A summary of studies on the quality of health care administrative databases in Canada. In: Goel V, Williams JI, Anderson GM, Blackstien-Hirsch P, Fooks C, Naylor CD, editors. Patterns of health care in Ontario. The ICES practice atlas. 2nd ed. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association; 1996. p. 359-45.
31. Cummings SR, Kelsey JL, Nevitt MC, O'Dowd KJ. Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Epidemiol Rev 1985;7:178-208.
32. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Jacobsen SJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ III. Population-based study of survival after osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:1001-5.
33. Kelli SE, Brody JA. Sex-specific and race-specific hip fracture rates. Am J Public Health 1990;80:326-8.
34. Kenzora JE, McCarthy RE, Lowell JD, Sledge CB. Hip fracture mortality: relation to age, treatment, pre-operative illness, time of surgery, and complications. Clin Orthop 1984;186:45-56.
35. Todd CJ, Freeman CJ, Camilleri-Ferrante C, Palmer CR, Hyder A, Laxton CE, et al. Differences in mortality after fracture of the hip: the East Anglian audit. BMJ 1995;310:904-8.
36. Jacobsen SJ, Sargent DJ, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Population-based study on the contribution of weather to hip fracture seasonally. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:79-83.
37. Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Miles TP, Brody JA, Stiers W, Rimm AA. Seasonal variation in the incidence of hip fracture among white persons age 65 and older in the United States 1984-1987. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:996-1004.
38. Lewis LM, Lasater LC. Frequency, distribution and measurement of injuries due to an ice storm in a large metropolitan area. South Med J 1994;87:174-8.
39. Ralis ZA. Epidemics of fractures during periods of snow and ice. BMJ 1986;293:484.
40. Ralis ZA. Epidemic of fractures during period of snow and ice. BMJ 1981; 282:603-5.
41. Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Hannan MT, Milton PC, Wilson PW, Kiel DP. Impaired vision and hip fracture. The Framingham Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37:495-500.
42. Grisso TA, Kelsey JL, Strom BL, Chiu GY, Maislis G, O'Brien LA, et al. Risk factors for fails as a cause of hip fracture in women. The Northeast Hip Fracture Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1326-31.
43. Kelsey JL, Hoffman S. Risk factors for hip fracture [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1987;316(7):404-6.
44. Cummings SR, Nevitt MC:, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J Med 1995;332:767-73.
45. Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Miles TP, Brody JA, Stiers W, Rimm AA, et al. Race and sex differences in mortality following fracture of the hip. Am J Public Health 1992;82(8):1147-50.