Nanotubule-based molecular-filtration membranes

Science

Volumn 278, Issue 5338, 1997, Pages 655-658

  Jirage, Kshama B ^a   Hulteen, John C ^a   Martin, Charles R ^a  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PARAQUAT; POLYCARBONATE; POLYMER; PYRIDINE; QUININE; RHODAMINE B; RUTHENIUM DERIVATIVE;

ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; FILTRATION; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PERMEABILITY; POLYMERIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0030700615     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5338.655     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. J. M. S. Hennis and M. K. Tripodi, Science 220, 11 (1983).
2. P. H. Abelson, ibid. 224, 1421 (1989).
3. C. Liu and C. R. Martin, Nature 352, 50 (1991).
4. "Membrane Separation Systems - A Research Needs Assessment" (Department of Energy Rep. DE90-01170, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, April 1990).
5. R. W. Spillman, Chem. Eng. Prog. 85, 41 (1989).
6. M. Mulder, Basic Principles of Membrane Technology (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1990), pp. 260-262.
7. R. J. Peterson, J. Membr. Sci. 83, 81 (1993).
8. 2 separation. In addition, there have been a number of recent attempts to make zeolite membranes. See Y. Yan et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 227 (1995).
9. M. Nishizawa, V. P. Menon, C. R. Martin, Science 268, 700 (1995).
10. C. R. Martin, ibid., 266, 1961 (1994).
11. Y. Kobayashi and C. R. Martin, J. Electroanal. Chem., in press.
12. V. P. Menon and C. R. Martin, Anal. Chem. 67, 1920 (1995).
13. We approximated the IDs of tubules using a gas permeation method (9).
14. In our earlier studies, we used a plating bath at pH = 10 (9, 11). Higher plating rates can be achieved with the same plating bath at pH = 12.
15. B. B. Lakshmi and C. R. Martin, Nature 388, 758 (1997).
16. Such single-molecule permeation experiments are used routinely. See, for example, R. V. Parthasarathy, V. P. Menon, C. R. Martin, Chem. Mater. 9, 560 (1997).
17. We determined the flux by continuously monitoring the ultraviolet (UV) absorbance of the permeate solution while passing the permeate through a UV detector.
18. The subscript "i" is for "ideal" and signifies that these coefficients were obtained by single-molecule permeation experiments. See (16).
19. 2+) and C. R. Martin, I. Rubinstein, and A. J. Bard [ibid. 115, 267 (1983
20. 2+) and C. R. Martin, I. Rubinstein, and A. J. Bard [ibid. 115, 267 (1983
21. Similar sieving was observed in radiotracer self-diffusion experiments on lightly etched films prepared by the track-etch process [T. K. Rostovtseva et al., J. Membr. Biol. 151, 29 (1996)]. However, molecular filtration of the type described here could not be observed.
22. i = 172 observed in Fig. 3C. We are now exploring the genesis of this anomaly.
23. Because of the nonuniform shape of the bottleneck tubules (Fig. 1B), it is difficult to extract an ID with the gas-flux method (9). All bottleneck membranes were plated from pH = 12 bath for a duration of 8 hours.
24. em) of 403 nm.
25. 2+ was determined by UV absorbance (258 nm). We determined the minimal quantity of rhodamine B that could be detected from its extremely intense absorbance at 555 nm. The concentration of anilinium was determined from its absorbance (254 nm).
26. This work was supported by NSF and the Office of Naval Research.