Site of einkorn wheat domestication identified by DNA fingerprinting

Science

Volumn 278, Issue 5341, 1997, Pages 1312-1314

  Heun, Manfred ^a   Schäfer Pregl, Ralf ^b   Klawan, Dieter ^c   Castagna, Renato ^d   Accerbi, Monica ^d   Borghi, Basilio ^d   Salamini, Francesco ^b  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^d Ist Sperim per la Cerealicoltura   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; ARCHEOLOGY; ARTICLE; DNA FINGERPRINTING; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WHEAT;

EID: 0030699147     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5341.1312     Document Type: Article

References (34)

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2. J. R. Harlan and D. Zohary, Science 153, 1074 (1966). Cultivated einkorn = Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum (T. m. monococcum); wild einkorn = T. m. boeoticum; and Triticum monococcum L. subsp. aegilopoides (T. m. aegilopoides).
3. M. Nesbitt and D. Samuel, in Hulled Wheats, S. Padulosi, K. Hammer, J. Heller, Eds. (Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Hulled Wheats, 21 and 22 July 1995, Castelvecchio Pascoli, Italy, 1996) (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy, 1996), pp. 41-100.
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18. The primer combinations used (Key Gene, Wageningen, Netherlands) were the following: E36-M36, E37-M40, E42-M32, E42-M33, E42-M38, E40-M40, and E40-M38 (E = Eco RI; M = Mse I). Out of the 288 bands considered 75 were mapped to loci on chromosomes 1 through 7.
19. Phylogenetic trees were created by neighbor-joining (NJ) (24), Fitch and Margoliash (FITCH) (25), and restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML) methods [J. Felsenstein, Evolution 35, 1229 (1981)].
20. Genetic distance NEI 72 was from (26); NEI-UB from M. Nei, Genetics 89, 583 (1978); and Rogers-W from (27). Other distances are given in (28). The computer program NTSYS was used to calculate genetic distances (28). Trees (16) were generated as follows: NEI 72, NEI-UB, and Rogers-W with NJ and FITCH; average, euclidean, and euclidean squared distances with FITCH. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) was used in computing trees and for the REML clustering method.
21. Additional results can be found at the Web site www.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/∼salamini/salamini.html. On the basis of the Wagner-Parsimony method, 100 phylogenetic trees were calculated for the lines of the Fertile Crescent. The output was used to determine the average mutation rate for each fragment. The data for those 10 or 20% of fragments having the highest mutability were eliminated and new trees computed. The results were almost identical to those discussed.
22. Nesbitt and Samuel (3) reported that in the Konya plain of Turkey, a wild T. m. boeoticum population exists outside of the Fertile Crescent. Two T. m. boeoticum lines sampled at a distance of 50 km from this site were not closely related to cultivated einkorn. Southern Lebanon T. m. boeoticum lines were also fingerprinted and did not show close relations with cultivated einkorns.
23. M. Heun et al., data not shown.
24. The 11 Karacadaǧ lines were collected as follows: ID 754 (PI 427622), 757 (PI 427626), 758 (PI 427627), 760 (PI 427629), 763 (PI 427632), 765 (PI 427634), 766 (PI 427635), 767 (PI 427636), and 1174 (PI 538540), 52.2 to 52.5 km west of Diyarbakir at 1400 m elevation; and ID 751 (PI 427619) and 752 (PI 427620), 16 km east of Siverek at 1050 m elevation. Lines were collected by B. L. Johnson, Univeristy of California, Riverside, and independently by R. J. Metzger, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). PI = plant introduction number, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Aberdeen, ID, USA.
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34. Technical help from S. Effgen, M. Harperscheidt, B. Oleimeulen, B. Wachsmuth, S. Empilli, P. Vaccino, and M. Corbellini made this work possible. We also thank P. Starlinger for his critical comments.