Clinical and biochemical evaluation of Cushing's syndrome

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 741-762

  Meier, C A ^a   Biller, B M K ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; DEXAMETHASONE; HYDROCORTISONE;

ADRENAL TUMOR; BRAIN SCINTISCANNING; BRAIN SURGERY; CANCER SURGERY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PATHWAY; CORTICOTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; CUSHING SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE RELEASE; HYDROCORTISONE URINE LEVEL; HYPOPHYSIS ADENOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT PLANNING; TUMOR LOCALIZATION;

EID: 0030696268     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70280-2     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. A.B. Atkinson D.R. McCance L. Kennedy Cyclical Cushing's syndrome first diagnosed after pituitary surgery: A trap for the unwary Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 36 1992 297 299
2. M. Becker D.C. Aron Ectopic ACTH syndrome and CRH-mediated Cushing's syndrome Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 23 1994 585 606
3. P. Biemond F.H. de Jong S.W. Lamberts Continuous dexamethasone infusion for seven hours in patients with the Cushing syndrome: A superior differential diagnostic test Ann Intern Med 112 1990 738 742
4. B.M.K. Biller Pathogenesis of pituitary Cushing's syndrome Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 23 1994 547 554
5. C.W. Burke C.G. Beardwell Cushing's syndrome: An evaluation of the clinical usefulness of urinary free cortisol and other urinary steroid measurements in diagnosis Q J Med 42 1973 175 204
6. G.P. Chrousos S.D. Deterawadleigh M. Karl Syndromes of glucocorticoid resistance Ann Intern Med 119 1993 1113 1124
7. G.P. Chrousos T.H. Schuermeyer J. Doppman Clinical applications of corticotropin-releasing factor Ann Intern Med 102 1985 344 358
8. C.K. Connolly M.B. Gore N. Stanley Single-dose dexamethasone suppression in normal subjects and hospital patients BMJ 2 1968 665 667
9. L.N. Contreras S. Hane J.B. Tyrrell Urinary cortisol in the assessment of pituitary-adrenal function: Utility of 24-hour and spot determinations J Clin Endocrinol Metab 62 1986 965 969
10. P.M. Copeland The incidentally discovered adrenal mass Ann Intern Med 98 1983 940 945
11. L. Crapo Cushing's syndrome: A review of diagnostic tests Metabolism 28 1979 955 977
12. W.W. de Herder E.P. Krenning C.D. Malchoff Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: Its value in tumor localization in patients with Cushing's syndrome caused by ectopic corticotropin or corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion Am J Med 96 1994 305 312
13. W.W. de Herder P. Uitterlinden H. Pieterman Pituitary tumour localization in patients with Cushing's disease by magnetic resonance imaging: Is there a place for petrosal sinus sampling? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 40 1994 87 92
14. H.L. Dichek L.K. Nieman E.H. Oldfield A comparison of the standard high dose dexamethasone suppression test and the overnight 8-mg dexamethasone suppression test for the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78 1994 418 422
15. J.L. Doppman J.A. Frank A.J. Dwyer Gadolinium DTPA enhanced MR imaging of ACTH-secreting microadenomas of the pituitary gland J Comput Assist Tomogr 12 1988 728 735
16. J.L. Doppman L. Nieman D.L. Miller Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome: Localization studies in 28 patients Radiology 172 1989 115 124
17. J.L. Doppman H.I. Pass L.K. Nieman Detection of ACTH-producing bronchial carcinoid tumors: MR imaging vs CT AJR Am J Roentgenol 156 1991 39 43
18. J.L. Doppman J.W. Reinig A.J. Dwyer Differentiation of adrenal masses by magnetic resonance imaging Surgery 102 1987 1018 1026
19. A.J. Dwyer J.A. Frank J.L. Doppman Pituitary adenomas in patients with Cushing disease: Initial experience with Gd-DTPA–enhanced MR imaging Radiology 163 1987 421 426
20. J.W. Findling J.L. Doppman Biochemical and radiologic diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 23 1994 511 537
21. J.W. Findling M.E. Kehoe J.L. Shaker Routine inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)–dependent Cushing's syndrome: Early recognition of the occult ectopic ACTH syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73 1991 408 413
22. M.R. Flack E.H. Oldfield G.B. Cutler Jr Urine free cortisol in the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test for the differential diagnosis of the Cushing syndrome Ann Intern Med 116 1992 211 217
23. P.W. Gold F.K. Goodwin G.P. Chrousos Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression: Relation to the neurobiology of stress (1) N Engl J Med 319 1988 348 353
24. P.W. Gold F.K. Goodwin G.P. Chrousos Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression: Relation to the neurobiology of stress (2) N Engl J Med 319 1988 413 420
25. P.W. Gold H. Gwirtsman P.C. Avgerinos Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in anorexia nervosa: Pathophysiologic mechanisms in underweight and weight-corrected patients N Engl J Med 314 1986 1335 1342
26. P.W. Gold D.L. Loriaux A. Roy Responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing's disease: Pathophysiologic and diagnostic implications N Engl J Med 314 1986 1329 1335
27. W.A. Hall M.G. Luciano J.L. Doppman Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in normal human volunteers: Occult adenomas in the general population Ann Intern Med 120 1994 817 820
28. T.A. Howlett P.L. Drury L. Perry Diagnosis and management of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: Comparison of the features in ectopic and pituitary ACTH production Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 24 1986 699 713
29. T.B. Kaye L. Crapo The Cushing syndrome: An update on diagnostic tests Ann Intern Med 112 1990 434 444
30. A. Lacroix E. Bolte J. Tremblay Gastric inhibitory polypeptide-dependent cortisol hypersecretion—a new cause of Cushing's syndrome N Engl J Med 327 1992 974 980
31. E.J. Lamb K.A. Noonan J.M. Burrin Urine-free cortisol excretion: Evidence of sex-dependence Ann Clin Biochem 31 1994 455 458
32. S.W. Lamberts W.W. de Herder E.P. Krenning A role of (labeled) somatostatin analogs in the differential diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78 1994 17 19
33. S.W. Lamberts J.G. Klijn F.H. de Jong Hormone secretion in alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome: Differential diagnosis with Cushing disease JAMA 242 1979 1640 1643
34. M.H. Laudat S. Cerdas C. Fournier Salivary cortisol measurement: A practical approach to assess pituitary-adrenal function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66 1988 343 348
35. M.C. Leinung W.F. Young Jr M.D. Whitaker Diagnosis of corticotropin-producing bronchial carcinoid tumors causing Cushing's syndrome Mayo Clin Proc 65 1990 1314 1321
36. A. Luger P.A. Deuster S.B. Kyle Acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to the stress of treadmill exercise: Physiologic adaptations to physical training N Engl J Med 316 1987 1309 1315
37. J.H. Mendelson S.K. Teoh U. Lange Anterior pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal hormones during cocaine withdrawal Am J Psychiatry 145 1988 1094 1098
38. T. Mengden P. Hubmann J. Muller Urinary free cortisol versus 17-hydroxycorticosteroids: A comparative study of their diagnostic value in Cushing's syndrome Clin Invest 70 1992 545 548
39. M.E. Molitch E.J. Russell The pituitary “incidentaloma.” Ann Intern Med 112 1990 925 931
40. J. Newell-Price P. Trainer L. Perry A single sleeping midnight cortisol has 100% sensitivity for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 43 1995 545 550
41. L.K. Nieman G.B. Cutler Cushing's syndrome L.J. DeGroot Endocrinology 1995 WB Saunders Philadelphia 1741 1769
42. L.K. Nieman E.H. Oldfield R. Wesley A simplified morning ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77 1993 1308 1312
43. E.H. Oldfield J.L. Doppman L.K. Nieman Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome N Engl J Med 325 1991 897 905
44. D.N. Orth Cushing's syndrome N Engl J Med 332 1995 791 803
45. D.N. Orth Differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome N Engl J Med 325 1991 957 959
46. H. Raff J.W. Findling A new immunoradiometric assay for corticotropin evaluated in normal subjects and patients with Cushing's syndrome Clin Chem 35 1989 596 600
47. J.W. Reinig J.L. Doppman A.J. Dwyer Adrenal masses differentiated by MR Radiology 158 1986 81 84
48. J.W. Reinig J.L. Doppman A.J. Dwyer MRI of indeterminate adrenal masses AJR Am J Roentgenol 147 1986 493 496
49. Y. Reznik V. Allali-Zerah J.A. Chayvialle Food-dependent Cushing's syndrome mediated by aberrant adrenal sensitivity to gastric inhibitory polypeptide N Engl J Med 327 1992 981 986
50. E.J. Ross D.C. Lynch Cushing's syndrome-killing disease: Discriminatory value of signs and symptoms aiding early diagnosis Lancet 2 1982 646 649
51. N.S. Ross Epidemiology of Cushing's syndrome and subclinical disease Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 23 1994 539 546
52. R. Sakiyama M.W. Ashcraft A.J. Van Herle Cyclic Cushing's syndrome Am J Med 77 1984 944 946
53. A. Tabarin J.F. Greselle F. San-Galli Usefulness of the corticotropin-releasing hormone test during bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73 1991 53 59
54. P.J. Trainer A. Grossman The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 34 1991 317 330
55. C. Tsigos G.P. Chrousos Differential diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome Annu Rev Med 47 1996 443 461
56. C. Tsigos T.C. Kamilaris G.P. Chrousos Adrenal diseases W.T. Moore R.C. Eastman Diagnostic Endocrinology 1996 Mosby St. Louis 125 136
57. C. Tsigos D.A. Papanicolaou G.P. Chrousos Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's syndrome Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 9 1995 315 336
58. J.B. Tyrrell J.W. Findling D.C. Aron An overnight high-dose dexamethasone suppression test for rapid differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome Ann Intern Med 104 1986 180 186
59. A.H. Vagnucci E. Evans Cushing's disease with intermittent hypercortisolism Am J Med 80 1986 83 88
60. G.S. Wand A.S. Dobs Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in actively drinking alcoholics J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72 1991 1290 1295
61. J.A. Yanovski G.B. Cutler Jr G.P. Chrousos Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation following low-dose dexamethasone administration: A new test to distinguish Cushing's syndrome from pseudo-Cushing's states JAMA 269 1993 2232 2238
62. J.A. Yanovski G.B. Cutler Jr J.L. Doppman The limited ability of inferior petrosal sinus sampling with corticotropin-releasing hormone to distinguish Cushing's disease from pseudo-Cushing states or normal physiology J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77 1993 503 509
63. Z. Zadik L. De Lacerda L.A. De Carmargo A comparative study of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, urinary free cortisol, and the integrated concentration of plasma cortisol J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51 1980 1099 1101