The effect of rain on air-water gas exchange

Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 149-158

  Ho, David T ^a   Bliven, Larry F ^b   Wanninkhof, Rik ^c   Schlosser, Peter ^a  

^a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^c ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR/WATER INTERACTION; GAS EXCHANGE; RAIN RATE;

EID: 0030692846     PISSN: 02806509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v49i2.15957     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Banks, R. B., Wickramanayake, G. B. and Lohani, B. N. 1984. Effect of rain on surface reaeration. J. Envir. Eng. 110, 1-14.
2. 2) in the Equatorial Pacific during the SAGA 3 experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 16969-16977.
3. Belanger. T. V. and Korzun E. A. 1991. Rainfall-Re-aeration Effects. In: Air-water mass transfer, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Gas transfer at water surfaces (ed. S. C. Wilhelms and J. S. Gulliver). ASCE, New York, 388-399.
4. Bliven, L. F. and Elfouhaily, T. M. 1993. Presenting the rain-sea interaction facility. NASA Reference Publication no. 1322. NASA-GSFC-WFF, Wallops Island, VA, USA.
5. Bopp, R. F. 1983. Revised parameters for modeling the transport of PCB components across an air water interface. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 2521-2529.
6. Bopp, R. F., Santschi, P. H., Li, Y.-H. and Deck, B. L. 1981. Biodegradation and gas-exchange of gaseous alkanes in model estuarine ecosystems. Organic Geochem. 3, 9-14.
7. Broecker, W. S., Peng, T.-H., Ostlund, G. and Stuiver, M. 1985. The distribution of bomb radiocarbon in the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 6953-6970.
8. Caldwell D. R. and Elliott W. P. 1972. The effect of rainfall on the wind in the surface layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor. 3, 146-151.
9. 3He in a small pond at low wind speeds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 93-96.
10. Clark, J. F., Simpson, H. J., Bopp, R. F. and Deck, B. L. 1995b. Dissolved oxygen in the lower Hudson estuary: 1978-93. J. Envir. Eng. 121, 760-763.
11. Dyrssen, D., Fogelqvist, E. and Krysell, M. 1990. Release of halocarbons from an industrial estuary. Tellus 42B, 162-169.
12. Gunn, K. L. S. and Kinzer, G. D. 1949. The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air. J. Meteor. 6, 243-248.
13. Jähne, B., Münnich, K. O., Bösinger, R., Dutzi, A., Huber, W. and Libner, P. 1987. On parameters influencing air-water gas exchange. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 1937-1949.
14. King, D. B. and Saltzman, E. S. 1995. Measurement of the diffusion coefficient of sulfur hexafluoride in water. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 7083-7088.
15. Livingstone, M. D. and Imboden, D. M. 1993. The nonlinear influence of wind-speed variability on gas transfer in lakes. Tellus 45B, 275-295.
16. Marshall, J. S. and Palmer, W. M. 1948. The distribution of the raindrops with size. J. Meteor. 5, 165-166.
17. McConnell, L. L., Gotham, W. E. and Bidleman, T. F. 1993. Gas exchange of Hexachlorocyclohexane in the great lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 1304-1311.
18. Merlivat, L. and Memery, L. 1983. Gas exchange across an air-water interface: experimental results and modeling of bubble contribution to transfer. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 707-724.
19. Nystuen, J. A., Proni, J. R., Lauter Jr, C. A., Bufkin, J., Rivero, U., Boland, M. and Wilkerson, J. C. 1994. APL disdrometer evaluation. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL AOML-83 (PB95-181681). Miami, FL, USA.
20. O'Connor, D. J. 1962. Organic pollution of the New York harbor. Theoretical considerations. J. Water Poll Control Fed. 34, 905-919.
21. Odum, H. T. 1956. Primary production in flowing waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1, 102-117.
22. Sobieski, P. W. and Bliven, L. F. 1995. Scatterometry of a drop impact on a salt water surface. Int. J. Remote Sensing 16, 2721.
23. Thomann, R. V., Mueller, J. A., Winfield, R. P. and Huang, C.-R. 1991. Model of fate and accumulation of PCB homologues in Hudson Estuary. J. Envir. Eng. 117, 161-178.
24. 6. Tellus 42B, 364-377.
25. Wanninkhof, R. 1992. Relationship between gas exchange and wind speed over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 7373-7381.
26. Wanninkhof, R. and Bliven, L. 1991. Relationship between gas exchange, wind speed and radar backscatter in a large wind-wave tank. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 2785-2796.
27. Wanninkhof, R., Ledwell, J. R. and Broecker, W. S. 1985. Gas exchange - wind speed relationship measured with sulfur hexafluoride on a lake. Science 227, 1224-1226.
28. Wanninkhof, R., Ledwell, J. R., Broecker, W. S. and Hamilton, M. 1987. Gas exchange on Mono Lake and Crowley Lake, California. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 14567-14580.
29. 3Br. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 53-56.