The role of GnRH agonists plus add-back therapy in the treatment of endometriosis

Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 273-284

  Gargiulo, Antonio R ^a   Hornstein, Mark D ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Add back; Endometriosis; GnRH agonist; Pelvic pain

Indexed keywords

BUSERELIN; CALCIUM; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; DANAZOL; ESTROGEN; ETIDRONIC ACID; GESTAGEN; GONADORELIN AGONIST; GOSERELIN; HISTRELIN; LEUPRORELIN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; NAFARELIN; NORETHISTERONE; NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; PARATHYROID HORMONE; SALCATONIN; TRIPTORELIN;

ACNE; AFFECTIVE NEUROSIS; BONE ATROPHY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEPRESSION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENDOMETRIOSIS; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HEADACHE; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRANASAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; LIVER TOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SUBCUTANEOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; VAGINITIS;

EID: 0030690975     PISSN: 07348630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1068757     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Guzick DS: Clinical epidemiology of endometriosis and infertility. Obstet Gynecol Clin No Am 16:43-59, 1989
2. Bergqvist IA: Hormonal regulation of endometriosis and the rationales and effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment: a review. Hum Reprod 10:446-452, 1995
3. Conn PM, Crowley WFJ: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogues. N Engl J Med 324:93, 1991
4. Fraser HM: LHRH analogues: their clinical physiology and delivery systems. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynecol 2:639, 1988
5. Karten MJ, Rivier JE: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog design. Structure-function studies toward the development of agonists and antagonists: rationale and perspective. Endocr Rev 7:44, 1986
6. Burgus R, Butcher M, Amoss M, et al: Primary structure of ovine hypothalamic luteinizing hormone factor (LRF). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:278, 1972
7. Matsuo H, Baba Y, Nair RM, et al: Structure of the porcine LH- and FSH-releasing hormone: I. The proposed amino acid sequence. Biochem Biophis Res Commun 43:1334, 1971
8. Knobil E: The neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle. Recent Prog Horm Res 36:53-88, 1980
9. Sandow J: Clinical applications of LHRH and its analogues. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 18:571, 1983
10. Labrie F, Belanger A, Kelly PA, et al: Antifertility effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists. Prog Clin Biol Res 74:273, 1981
11. Barbieri RL, Evans S, Kistner RW: Danazol in the treatment of endometriosis: analysis of 100 cases with a 4-year follow-up. Fertil Steril 36:737-747, 1982
12. Buttram VC, Reiter RC, Ward S: Treatment of endometriosis with danazol: report of a six year prospective study. Fertil Steril 43:353, 1985
13. Henzl MH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists in the management of endometriosis: a review. Clin Obstet Gynecol 31:840-856, 1988
14. Henzl MR, Corson SL, Moghissi K, et al: Administration of nasal nafarelin as compared with oral danazol for endometriosis. N Engl J Med 318:485-489, 1988
15. The American Fertility Society: Revised American Fertility Society Classification of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 43:351, 1985
16. Nafarelin European Endometriosis Trial Group (NEET): Nafarelin for endometriosis: a large-scale, danazol-controlled trial of efficacy and safety, with 1-year follow-up. Fertil Steril 57:514-522, 1992
17. Fraser IS, Shearman RP, Jansen RP, Sutherland PD: A comparative treatment trial of endometriosis using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, nafarelin, and the synthetic steroid, danazol. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 31:158-163, 1991
18. Matta MH, Shaw RW: A comparative study between buserelin and danazol in the treatment of endometriosis. Br J Clin Pract 41(suppl 48):64, 1987
19. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Arcaini L, et al: Buserelin versus danazol in the treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161:871-876, 1989
20. Dawood MY, Spellacy WN, Dmowski WP, et al: A comparison of the efficiency and safety of buserelin vs danazol in the treatment of endometriosis. Protocol 310 Study Group. Prog Clin Biol Res 323:253-267, 1990
21. Dlugi AM, Miller JD, Knittle J: Lupron depot (leuprolide acetate for depot suspension) in the treatment of endometriosis: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Fertil Steril 54:419-427, 1990
22. Wheeler JM, Knittle JD, Miller JD, Lupron Endometriosis Study Group: Depot leuprolide acetate versus danazol in the treatment of women with symptomatic endometriosis: a multicenter double-blind randomized clinical trial. I. Efficacy results. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167:1367-1371, 1992
23. Wheeler JM, Knittle JD, Miller JD, Lupron Endometriosis Study Group: Depot leuprolide acetate versus danazol in the treatment of women with symptomatic endometriosis: a multicenter double-blind randomized clinical trial. II. Assessment of safety. Am J Obstet Gynecol 169:26-33, 1993
24. Venturini PL, Anserini P, Fasce V, et al: Treatment of endometriosis with goserelin depot, a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analogue: endocrine and clinical results. Fertil Steril 54:1021-1027, 1990
25. Reichel RP, Schweppe K-W, Zoladex Endometriosis Study Group: Goserelin (Zoladex) depot in the treatment of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 57:1197-1202, 1992
26. Shaw RW, Zoladex Endometriosis Study Team: An open randomized comparative study of the effect of goserelin depot in the treatment of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 58:265-272, 1992
27. Rock JA, Truglia JA, Caplan RJ, Zoladex Endometriosis Study Group: Zoladex (goserelin acetate implant) in the treatment of endometriosis: a randomized comparison with danazol. Obstet Gynecol 82:198-205, 1993
28. Agarwal S, Hamrang C, Zbella E, et al: Comparison of efficacy and safety of nafarelin intranasal (IN) with leuprolide depot intramuscular (IM) for the treatment of endometriosis. Fertil Steril American Society for Reproductive Medicine 52nd Annual Meeting Abstracts Book:P-275, 1996
29. Shaw RW: The role of GnRH analogues in the treatment of endometriosis. Br J Obstet Gynecol 99(suppl.):9-12, 1992
30. Burry KA, Patton PE, Illingworth DR: Metabolic changes during medical treatment of endometriosis: nafarelin acetate versus danazol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160:1454-1461, 1989
31. Valimaki M, Nilsson CG, Roine R, Ylikorkala O: Comparison between the effects of nafarelin and danazol on serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69:1097-1103, 1989
32. Bergquist C: Effect of nafarelin versus danazol on lipids and calcium metabolism. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162:589-591, 1990
33. Dlugi AM, Rufo S, D'Amico JF, Seibel MM: A comparison of the effects of buserelin versus danazol on plasma lipoproteins during treatment of pelvic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 49:913-916, 1988
34. Ylikorkala O, Nilsson CG, Hirvonen E, Viinikka L: Evidence of similar increases in bone turnover during nafarelin and danazol use in women with endometriosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 4:251-260, 1990
35. Dawood MY: Impact of medical treatment of endometriosis on bone mass. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168:674-684, 1993
36. Devogelaer J-P, Nagant de Deuxchaisnes C, Donnez J, Thomas K: LHRH analogues and bone loss. Lancet 1:1498, 1987
37. Johansen JS, Riis BJ, Hassager C, et al: The effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analog (nafarelin) on bone metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:701-706, 1988
38. Matta WH, Shaw RW, Hesp R, Evans R: Reversible trabecular bone density loss following induced hypo-estrogenism with GnRH analogue buserelin in premenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 29:45-51, 1988
39. Dawood MY, Lewis V, Ramos J: Cortical and trabecular bone mineral content in women with endometriosis: effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and danazol. Fertil Steril 52:21-26, 1989
40. Waibel-Treber S, Minne HW, Scharla SH, et al: Reversible bone loss in women treated with GnRH-agonists for endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma. Hum Reprod 4:384-388, 1989
41. Stevenson JC, Lees B, Gardner R, Shaw RW: A comparison of the skeletal effects of goserelin and danazol in premenopausal women with endometriosis. Horm Res 32:161-163, 1989
42. Whitehouse RW, Adams JE, Baucroff K, et al: The effects of nafarelin and danazol on vertebral trabecular bone mass in patients with endometriosis.. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 33:365-373, 1990
43. Nencioni T, Penotti M, Barbieri-Carones M, et al: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy and its effect on bone mass. Gynecol Endocrinol 5:49-56, 1991
44. Dodin S, Lemay A, Maheux R, et al: Bone mass in endometriosis patients treated with GnRH agonist implant or danazol. Obstet Gynecol 77:410-415, 1991
45. Lane N, Baptista J, Orwoll E: Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 55:537-542, 1991
46. Dochi T, Lees B, Sidhu M, Stevenson JC: Bone density and endometriosis. Fertil Steril 61:175-177, 1994
47. Comite F, Delman M, Hutchinson-Williams K, et al: Reduced bone mass in reproductive-aged women with endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69:837-842, 1989
48. Uemura T, Mohri J, Osada H, et al: Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on the bone mineral density of patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 62:246-250, 1994
49. Orwoll ES, Yuzpe AA, Burry KA, et al: Nafarelin therapy in endometriosis: long-term effects on bone mineral density. Am J Obstet Gynecol 171:1221-1225, 1994
50. Taga M, Minaguchi H: Reduction of bone mineral density by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, nafarelin, is not completely reversible at 6 months after the cessation of administration. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 75:162-165, 1996
51. Paoletti AM, Serra GG, Cagnacci A, et al: Spontaneous reversibility of bone loss induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment. Fertil Steril 65:707-710, 1996
52. Barbieri RL: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists: treatment of endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 36:636-641, 1993
53. Kistner RW: The use of newer progestins in the treatment of endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 75:264-278, 1958
54. Luciano AA, Turksoy RN, Carleo J: Evaluation of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 72:323-327, 1988
55. Roland M, Leistein D, Kane R: Endometriosis therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Reprod Med 17:249-252, 1976
56. Moghissi KS, Boyce CR: Management of endometriosis with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate. Obstet Gynecol 47:265-267, 1976
57. Bullock JS, Massey FM, Gambrell RD: Use of medroxyprogesterone acetate to prevent menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 46:165-168, 1975
58. Schiff I, Tulchinsky D, Cramer D, Ryan KJ: Oral medroxyprogesterone in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms. J Am Med Assoc 244:1443-1445, 1980
59. Mandel FP, Davidson BJ, Erlik Y, et al: Effects of progestins on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Reprod Med 27:511-514, 1982
60. Lobo RA, McCormick W, Singer F, Roy S: Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate compared with conjugated estrogens for the treatment of postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 63:1-5, 1984
61. Paterson MEL: A randomized double-blind cross-over trial into the effect of norethisterone on climacteric symptoms and biochemical profiles. Br J Obstet Gynecol 89:464-468, 1982
62. Horowitz M, Wishart J, Need AG, et al: Treatment of postmenopausal hyperparathyroidism with norethindrone. Arch Intern Med 147:681-685, 1987
63. Abdalla HI, Hart DM, Lindsay R, et al: Prevention of bone mineral loss in postmenopausal women by norethisterone. Obstet Gynecol 66:789-792, 1985
64. Barbieri RL: Hormone treatment of endometriosis: the estrogen threshold hypothesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166:740-745, 1992
65. Reimnitz C, E. B, Nieberg RK, Hacker NF: Malignancy arising in endometriosis associated with unopposed estrogen replacement. Obstet Gynecol 71:444-449, 1988
66. Hornstein MD, Yuzpe AA, Burry KA, et al: Prospective randomized double-blind trial of 3 versus 6 months of nafarelin therapy for endometriosis associated pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 63:955-962, 1995
67. Cedars MI, Lu JKH, Meldrum DR, Judd HL: Treatment of endometriosis with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist plus medroxyprogeterone acetate. Obstet Gynecol 75:641-645, 1990
68. Makarainen L, Ronneberg L, Kauppila A: Medroxyprogesterone acetate supplementation diminishes the hypoestrogenic side effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist without changing its efficacy in endometriosis. Fertil Steril 65:29-34, 1996
69. Surrey ES, Gambone JC, Lu JK, Judd HL: The effects of combining norethindrone with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 53:620-626, 1990
70. Surrey ES, Judd HL: Reduction of vasomotor symptoms and bone mineral density loss with combined norethindrone and long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of symptomatic endometriosis: a prospective randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75:558-563, 1992
71. Surrey ES, Voigt B, Fournet N, Judd HL: Prolonged gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment of symptomatic endometriosis: the role of cyclic sodium ethidronate and low-dose norethindrone "add-back" therapy. Fertil Steril 63:747-755, 1995
72. Watts NB, Harris TS, Genant HK, et al: Intermittent cyclic etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 323:73-79, 1990
73. Storm T, Thamsborg G, Steiniche T, et al: Effect of intermittent cyclic etidronate therapy on bone mass and fracture rate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 322:1265-1271, 1990
74. Riis BJ, Christiansen C, Johansen JS, Jacobson J: Is it possible to prevent bone loss in young women treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70:920-924, 1990
75. Eldred JM, Haynes PJ, Thomas EJ: A randomized doubleblind placebo-controlled trial on the effects on bone metabolism of the combination of nafarelin acetate and norethisterone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 37:354-359, 1992
76. Edmonds DK, Howell R: Can hormone replacement therapy be used during medical therapy of endometriosis? Br J Obstet Gynecol 101:24-26, 1994
77. Kiilholma P, Korhonen M, Tuimala R, et al: Comparison of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist goserelin acetate alone versus goserelin combined with estrogenprogestogen add-back therapy in the treatment of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 64:903-908, 1995
78. Surrey E, Hornstein MD, Weisberg G, et al: The efficacy of norethindrone acetate and conjugated equine estrogens combined with a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist in the management of symptomatic endometriosis: a one-year multicenter trial. J Soc Gynecolog Investig 4:121A, 1997
79. Tax L, Goorissen EM, Kicovic PM: Clinical profile of Org tibolone. Maturitas 9:(suppl. 1):3-13, 1987
80. Benedek-Jaszmann LJ: Longterm, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of Org tibolone in climacteric women. Maturitas 9:(suppl. 1):25-33, 1987
81. Lindsay PC, Shaw RW, Bennink HJ, Kicovic P: The effect of add-back treatment with tibolone (livial) on patients treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin (Decapeptyl). Fertil Steril 65:342-348, 1996
82. Taskin O, Yalcinoglu AI, Kukuk S, et al: Effectiveness of tibolone on hypoestrogenic symptoms induced by goserelin treatment in patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 67:40-45, 1997
83. Dempster DW, Cosman F, Parisien M, et al: Anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone on bone. Endocr Rev 14:690-709, 1993
84. Finkelstein JS, Klibanski A, Schaefer EH, et al: Parathyroid hormone for the prevention of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. N Engl J Med 331:1618-1623, 1994
85. Roux C, Pellissier C, Listrat V, et al: Bone loss during gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment and use of nasal calcitonin. Osteoporosis Int 5:185-190, 1995