Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general UK population: The psychiatric symptom frequency scale

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

Volumn 51, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 549-557

  Lindelow, Malin ^a   Hardy, Rebecca ^a   Rodgers, Bryan ^b  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY NEUROSIS; ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTERVIEW; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSICIAN; RATING SCALE; RELIABILITY; SCORING SYSTEM; SYMPTOM;

EID: 0030683625     PISSN: 0143005X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jech.51.5.549     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:8-19.
2. Eaton WW, Ritter C. Distinguishing anxiety and depression with field survey data. Psychol Med 1988;18:155-66.
3. Feldman LA. Distinguishing depression and anxiety in self-report: Evidence from confirmatory factor analysis on non-clinical and clinical samples. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993;61:631-38.
4. Hunt C, Andrews G. Comorbidity in the anxiety disorders: the use of a life-chart approach. J Psychiatric Res 1995;29: 467-80.
5. Goldberg DP, Huxley P. Common mental disorders: a bio-social model. London: Routledge, 1992.
6. Meltzer H, Gill B, Petticrew M, Hinds K. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households. OPCS surveys of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain Report 1. London: OPCS Social Survey Division, 1995.
7. Paykel ES, ed. Handbook of affective disorders. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 1992.
8. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed, rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
9. McCormick A, Fleming D, Charlton J. Morbidity statistics from general practice: fourth national study 1991-92. Series MB5 No 3. London: HMSO, 1995
10. Department of Health and Social Security. Digest of statistics analyzing certificates of incapacity June 1969 - May 1970. London: HMSO, 1973.
11. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1977; 1: 385-401.
12. Goldberg DP. The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
13. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychol Med 1979; 9: 139-45.
14. Wing JK. Use and misuse of the PSE. Br J Psychiatry 1983; 143: 111-17.
15. Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N. Present State examination. London: Cambridge University Press, 1974.
16. World Health Organization. Composite International diagnostic interview. Geneva: WHO, 1995.
17. Wadsworth MEJ. The imprint of time: childhood, history and adult life. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
18. Rodgers B, Mann SA. The reliability and validity of PSE assessment by lay interviewers: a national population survey. Psychol Med 1986; 16: 689-700.
19. Rodgers B. Behaviour and personality in childhood as predictors of adult psychiatric disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1990; 31: 393-414.
20. Rodgers B. Socio-economic status, employment and neurosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1991;26:104-14.
21. Dohrenwend BP, Shrout PE, Egri G, Mendelsohn FS. Non-specific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37: 1229-36.
22. Goldberg DP, Williams P. A user"s guide to the general health questionnaire. Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1988.
23. Rutter M, Tizard J, Whitmore K. Education, health and behaviour. London: Longman, 1970.
24. Hirst MA. Evaluating the Malaise inventory: an item analysis. Soc Psychiatry 1983; 18: 181-84.
25. McGee R, Williams S, Silva PA. An evaluation of the Malaise inventory. J Psychosom Res 1986; 10: 147-52.
26. Wadsworth MEJ, Mann SL, Rodgers B, Kuh DL, Hilder WS, Yusuf EJ. Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992; 46: 300-4.
27. Hsiao JK, Bartko JJ, Potter WZ. Diagnosing diagnoses: receiver operating characteristic methods and psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 664-67.
28. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology 1982; 143: 29-36.
29. Rodgers B. Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1994; 35: 1289-308.
30. Rodgers B. Reported parental behaviour and adult affective symptoms. 1. Associations and moderating factors. Psychol Med 1996;26:51-61.
31. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993.
32. Grant G, Nolan M, Ellis N. A reappraisal of the Malaise inventory. Soc Psychiatry Psychiat Epidemiol 1990;25:170-78.
33. Mackinnon A, Christensen H, Jorm AF, Henderson AS, Scott R, Korten AE. A latent trait analysis of an inventory designed to detect symptoms of anxiety and depression using an elderly community sample. Psychol Med 1994;24: 977-86.
34. Dryman A, Eaton WW. Affective symptoms associated with the onset of major depression in the community: findings from the US National Institute of Mental Health epidemiologic catchment area program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1991;84:1-5.
35. Eaton WW, Dryman A, Sorenson A, McCutcheon A. DSM-III major depressive disorder in the community: A latent class analysis of data from the NIMH Epidemiologic catchment area programme. Br J Psychiatry 1989;155:48-54.
36. Bedford A, Foulds GA, Sheffield BF. A new personal disturbance scale (DSSI/SAD). Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1976;15: 387-94.
37. Goodchild ME, Duncan-Jones P. Chronicity and the general health questionnaire. Brit J Psychiat 1985;146:55-61.
38. Rodgers B, Power C, Hope S. Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: evidence from a national birth cohort. In press.
39. Goldberg DP, Bridges K, Duncan-Jones P, Grayson D. Dimensions of neuroses seen in primary-care settings. Psychol Med 1987;17:461-70.
40. Henderson JG, Pollard CA, Jacobi KA, Merkel WT. Help-seeking patterns of community residents with depressive symptoms. J Affect Disorders 1992; 26: 157-62.
41. Maier W, Lichterman D, Oehrlein A, Fickinger M. Depression in the community: A comparison of treated and non-treated cases in two non-referred samples. Psychopharmacol 1992;106(Suppl):79-81.