Combined radiotherapy and medical immunosuppression in the management of thyroid disease

Eye

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 717-722

  Claridge, K G ^a   Ghabrial, R ^a   Davis, G ^a   Tomlinson, M ^b   Goodman, S ^b   Harrad, R A ^a   Potts, M J ^a  

^a BRISTOL EYE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b BRISTOL HAEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Azathioprine; Graves' ophthalmopathy; Immunosuppression; Orbital radiation; Thyroid eye disease

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; PREDNISOLONE; STEROID;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG EFFICACY; EYE DISEASE; EYE FIXATION; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE SURGERY; EYELID; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTIC NERVE DISEASE; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; ORBIT; STRABISMUS SURGERY; SYMPTOM; THYROID DISEASE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISUAL FIELD;

EID: 0030671354     PISSN: 0950222X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/eye.1997.183     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Fells P. Systemic management of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Eye 1988;2:198-200.
2. Char DH. Thyroid eye disease. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80:922-6.
3. Shorr N, Seiff SR. The four stages of surgical rehabilitation of the patient with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology 1986;93:476-83.
4. Hales IB, Rundle FF. Ocular changes in Graves' disease: a long-term follow-up study. Q J Med 1960; 29:113-26.
5. Shorr N, Neuhaus RW, Baylis HI. Ocular motility problems after orbital decompression for dysthyroid ophthalmolopathy. Ophthalmology 1982;89:323-8.
6. McCord CD Jr. Current trends in orbital decompression. Ophthalmology 1985;92:21-33.
7. Prummel MF, Mounts MP, Berghout A, Krenning EP, van der Gaag R, Koornneef L, et al. Prednisolone and cyclosporine in the treatment of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1353-9.
8. Burrow GN, Mitchell MS, Howard RO, Morrow LB. Immunosuppressive therapy for the eye changes of Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1970; 31:307-11.
9. Yamamoto K, Saito K, Takai T, Yoshida S. Treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy by steroid therapy, orbital radiation therapy, plasmapheresis and thyroxine replacement. Endocrinol Japon 1982;29:495-501.
10. Atabay C, Schrooyen M, Zhang ZG, Salvi M, Glinoer D, Wall JR. Use of eye muscle antibody measurements to monitor response to plasmapheresis in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 1993;16:669-74.
11. Brennan MW, Leone CR Jr, Janaki L. Radiation therapy for Graves' disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1983;96:195-9.
12. Olivotto IA, Ludgate CM, Allen LH, Rootman J. Supervoltage radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmolopathy: CCABC technique and results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1985;11:2085-90.
13. Palmer D, Greenberg P, Cornell P, Parker RG. Radiation therapy for Graves' ophthalmolopathy: a retrospective study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1987;13:1815-20.
14. Petersen IA, Kriss JP, McDougall IR, Donaldson SS. Prognostic factors in the radiotherapy of Graves' ophthalmolopathy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1990;19:259-64.
15. Hurbli T, Char DC, Harris J, Weaver K, Greenspan F, Sheline G. Radiation therapy for thyroid eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;99:633-7.
16. Donaldson SS, Bagshaw MA, Kriss JP. Supervoltage orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973;37:276-85.
17. Teng CS, Crombie AL, Hall R, Ross WM. An evaluation of supervoltage orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol 1980;13: 545-51.
18. Kazim M, Trokel S, Moore S. Treatment of acute Graves' orbitopathy. Ophthalmology 1991;98:1443-8.
19. Prummel MF, Mounts MP, Blank L, Berhout A, Koornneef L, Wiersinga WM. Randomised double-blind trial of prednisolone versus radiotherapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Lancet 1993;342:949-54.
20. Bartalena L, Marcocci C, Chiovato L, Laddaga M, Lepri G, Andreani L, et al. Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves' ophthalmopathy: comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;56:1139-44.
21. Rundle FF, Wilson CW. Development and course of exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia in Graves' disease with special reference to the effect of thyroidectomy. Clin Sci 1944;5:177-94.
22. Bahn RS, Heufelder AE. Pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1468-75.
23. Wiersinga WM. Immunosuppression in endocrine ophthalmopathy: why and when? In: Kahaly G, editor. Endocrine ophthalmopathy. Basel: Karger, 1993: 120-30.
24. Steel DHW, Hoh HB, Potts MJ, Harrad RA. Uniocular fields of fixation in thyroid eye disease. Eye 1995;9:348-51.
25. Mourits MP, Koornneef L, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF, Berghout A, Gaag RVD. Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach. Br J Ophthalmol 1989;73: 639-44.
26. Werner SC. Classification of the eye changes of Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1969;29: 782-4.
27. Werner SC. Modifications of the classification of the eye changes of Graves' disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1977;83:725-7.
28. Hoh HB, Laitt RD, Wakeley C, Kabala J, Goddard P, Potts MJ, et al. The STIR sequence MRI in the assessment of extraocular muscles in thyroid eye disease. Eye 1994;8:506-10.
29. In: ABPI Data Sheet Compendium. London: Datapharm Publications, 1995:1929-32.