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- in the pipette have given similar results. The criteria for data analysis were a resting membrane potential greater than -50 mV and an overshooting somatic action potential. In some experiments, 0.1% biocytin and 0.1% lucifer yellow potassium salt were included in the pipette solution to analyze the morphology of recorded mitral cells. Recordings were made in bridge mode using an Axoclamp-2A amplifier (bandpass: DC-30 kHz). In order to achieve a fast sampling rate for two channels of membrane potential and two channels of membrane current, we employed two computer systems synchronized by an external trigger. Membrane potentials were digitized at 20 kHz with an Instrutech ITC-16 interface and a PowerMac computer. Membrane currents were recorded at 2.5 kHz with an Axon TL-1 interface and an IBM-compatible 486 computer. The positions of recording and stimulating electrodes were photographed with a Scion LG-3 frame grabber, and the distance between the somatic and dendritic recording sites was measured on the computer. To stimulate the olfactory nerve, a concentric bipolar electrode (tip diameter of 25 μm) was placed in the olfactory nerve layer just above the glomerulus to which the recorded mitral cell projected its primary dendrite. Another stimulating electrode was located laterally in the deep EPL to elicit inhibitory synaptic input to the secondary dendrites of the recorded mitral cell. This electrode was generally 300 to 800 μm from the recorded mitral cell primary dendrite. The stimulating electrodes were connected to two electronic isolators and constant current stimuli of variable strength (10 μA to 2 mA) were delivered.
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This work was supported by grants from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) and by the National Institute of Mental Health, NASA, and NIDCD under the Human Brain Project (G.M.S.), and by grants from the Carlsberg Foundation, the Danish Medical Research Council, the Faculty of Health Sciences (Copenhagen University), and the Danish Medical Association's Research Fund (J.M.).
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