Smoking and Parkinson's disease: An age-dependent risk effect?

Neurology

Volumn 49, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 1267-1272

  Tzourio, Christophe ^a   Rocca, W A ^b   Breteler, M M ^c   Baldereschi, M ^d   Dartigues, J F ^g   Lopez Pousa, S ^e   Manubens Bertran, J M ^f   Alperovitch A ^a  

^a PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^c ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d CNR   (Italy)

^e HOSPITAL JOSEP TRUETA   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NAVARRA   (Spain)

^g NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEVODOPA;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PARKINSON DISEASE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK; SMOKING;

EID: 0030667368     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.49.5.1267     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Baron JA. Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1986;36:1490-1496.
2. Morens DM, Grandinetti A, Reed D, White LR, Ross GW. Cigarette smoking and protection from Parkinson's disease: false association or etiologic clue? Neurology 1995;45:1041-1051.
3. Ho SC, Woo J, Lee CM. Epidemiologic study of Parkinson's disease in Hong Kong. Neurology 1989;39:1314-1318.
4. Sasco AJ, Paffenbarger RS. Smoking and Parkinson's disease. Epidemiology 1990;1:460-465.
5. Semchuk KM, Love EJ, Lee RG. Parkinson's disease: a test of the multifactorial etiologic hypothesis. Neurology 1993;43: 1173-1180.
6. Mayeux R, Ming-Xin T, Marder K, Côté LJ, Stern Y. Smoking and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1994;9:207-212.
7. Haack DG, Baumann RJ, McKean HE, Douglas Jameson H, Turbek JA. Nicotine exposure and Parkinson disease. Am J Epidemiol 1981;114:191-200.
8. Rajput AH, Offord KP, Beard CM, Kurland LT. A case-control study of smoking habits, dementia, and other illnesses in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1987;37:226-232.
9. Marttila RJ, Rinne UK. Smoking and Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1980;62:322-325.
10. Baumann RJ, Douglas Jameson H, McKean HE, Haack DG, Weisberg LM. Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease. 1. A comparison of cases with matched neighbors. Neurology 1980;30:839-843.
11. Godwin-Austen RB, Lee PN, Marmot MG, Stern GM. Smoking and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982;45:577-581.
12. Hofman A, Collette HJ, Bartelds AI. Incidence and risk factors of Parkinson's disease in the Netherlands. Neuroepidemiology 1989;8:296-299.
13. Butterfield PG, Valanis BG, Spencer PS, Lindeman CA, Nutt JG. Environmental antecedents of young-onset Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1993;43:1150-1158.
14. Grandinetti A, Morens DM, Reed D, MacEachern D. Prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139: 1129-1138.
15. Sackett DL. Bias in analytic research. J Chronic Dis 1979;32: 51-63.
16. de Rijk MC, Tzourio C, Breteler MMB, et al. Prevalence of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease in Europe: the EUROPARKINSON collaborative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;62:10-15.
17. Breteler MMB, Alpérovitch A, Lopez-Pousa S, Manubens-Bertran JM, Rocca WA. EUROPARKINSON: a European concerted action on incidence and risk factors for Parkinson's disease [abstract]. Neuroepidemiology 1993;12:17.
18. Tison F, Dartigues JF, Dubes L, Zuber M, Alpérovitch A, Henry P. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the elderly: a population study in Gironde, France. Acta Neurol Scand 1994; 90:111-115.
19. Maggi S, Zucchetto M, Grigoletto F, et al. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA): design and methods. Aging Clin Exp Res 1994;6:464-473.
20. de Rijk MC, Breteler MMB, Graveland GA, et al. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology 1995;45:2143-2146.
21. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-Mental State. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
22. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed., revised. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
23. Breslow NE, Day NE. The analysis of case-control studies. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1980.
24. SAS Institute Inc. SAS user's guide: statistics. 6th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1990.
25. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. New York: Wiley, 1989.
26. Stern M, Dulaney E, Gruber SB, et al. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study of young-onset and old-onset patients. Arch Neurol 1991;48:903-907.
27. Burch PR. Cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease. Neurology 1981;31:500-501.
28. Bharucha NE, Stokes L, Schoenberg BS, et al. A case-control study of twin pairs discordant for Parkinson's disease: a search for environmental risk factors. Neurology 1986;36: 284-288.
29. Hertzman C, Wiens M, Bowering D, Snow B, Calne D. Parkinson's disease: a case-control study of occupational and environmental risk factors. Am J Ind Med 1990;17:349-355.
30. Riggs JE. Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease: the illusion of a neuroprotective effect. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15: 88-99.
31. Morens DM, Grandinetti A, Reed D, White LR. Smoking-associated protection from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1994;343:356-357.
32. Kessler II, Diamond EL. Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. I. Smoking and Parkinson's disease: a survey and explanatory hypothesis. Am J Epidemiol 1971;94:16-25.
33. Morano A, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Molina JA, Antolin MA. Risk-factors for Parkinson's disease: case-control study in the province of Caceres, Spain. Acta Neurol Scand 1994;89: 164-170.