The spatial dimension in population fluctuations

Science

Volumn 278, Issue 5343, 1997, Pages 1621-1623

  Ranta, Esa ^a   Kaitala, Veijo ^b   Lundberg, Per ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ   (Finland)

^c LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LYNX; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE;

ARTICLE; ECOLOGY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPATIAL ORIENTATION; STOCHASTIC MODEL;

CANADA;

LYNZ LYNX;

EID: 0030666139     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5343.1621     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. C. S. Elton, Animal Ecology (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1927); _ and M. Nicholson, J. Anim. Ecol. 11, 215 (1942); L. B. Keith, Wildlife's Ten-Year Cycle (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1963); Curr. Mammal. 2, 119 (1990); E. Korpimäki and C. J. Krebs, Bioscience 46, 754 (1996).
2. C. S. Elton, Animal Ecology (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1927); _ and M. Nicholson, J. Anim. Ecol. 11, 215 (1942); L. B. Keith, Wildlife's Ten-Year Cycle (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1963); Curr. Mammal. 2, 119 (1990); E. Korpimäki and C. J. Krebs, Bioscience 46, 754 (1996).
3. C. S. Elton, Animal Ecology (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1927); _ and M. Nicholson, J. Anim. Ecol. 11, 215 (1942); L. B. Keith, Wildlife's Ten-Year Cycle (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1963); Curr. Mammal. 2, 119 (1990); E. Korpimäki and C. J. Krebs, Bioscience 46, 754 (1996).
4. C. S. Elton, Animal Ecology (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1927); _ and M. Nicholson, J. Anim. Ecol. 11, 215 (1942); L. B. Keith, Wildlife's Ten-Year Cycle (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1963); Curr. Mammal. 2, 119 (1990); E. Korpimäki and C. J. Krebs, Bioscience 46, 754 (1996).
5. C. S. Elton, Animal Ecology (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1927); _ and M. Nicholson, J. Anim. Ecol. 11, 215 (1942); L. B. Keith, Wildlife's Ten-Year Cycle (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1963); Curr. Mammal. 2, 119 (1990); E. Korpimäki and C. J. Krebs, Bioscience 46, 754 (1996).
6. R. M. May, Am. Nat. 107, 46 (1973); Nature 261, 459 (1976).
7. R. M. May, Am. Nat. 107, 46 (1973); Nature 261, 459 (1976).
8. E. Ranta, V. Kaitala, J. Lindström, H. Lindén, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 262, 113 (1995).
9. M. P. Hassell, H. Comins, R. M. May, Nature 353, 255 (1991); M. P. Hassell, O. Miramontes, P. Rohani, R. M. May, J. Anim. Ecol. 64, 662 (1994); H. N. Comins, M. P. Hassell, R. M. May, ibid. 61, 735 (1992); J. Bascompte and R. V. Sole, Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 361 (1995); E. Ranta and V. Kaitala, Nature, in press.
10. M. P. Hassell, H. Comins, R. M. May, Nature 353, 255 (1991); M. P. Hassell, O. Miramontes, P. Rohani, R. M. May, J. Anim. Ecol. 64, 662 (1994); H. N. Comins, M. P. Hassell, R. M. May, ibid. 61, 735 (1992); J. Bascompte and R. V. Sole, Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 361 (1995); E. Ranta and V. Kaitala, Nature, in press.
11. M. P. Hassell, H. Comins, R. M. May, Nature 353, 255 (1991); M. P. Hassell, O. Miramontes, P. Rohani, R. M. May, J. Anim. Ecol. 64, 662 (1994); H. N. Comins, M. P. Hassell, R. M. May, ibid. 61, 735 (1992); J. Bascompte and R. V. Sole, Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 361 (1995); E. Ranta and V. Kaitala, Nature, in press.
12. M. P. Hassell, H. Comins, R. M. May, Nature 353, 255 (1991); M. P. Hassell, O. Miramontes, P. Rohani, R. M. May, J. Anim. Ecol. 64, 662 (1994); H. N. Comins, M. P. Hassell, R. M. May, ibid. 61, 735 (1992); J. Bascompte and R. V. Sole, Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 361 (1995); E. Ranta and V. Kaitala, Nature, in press.
13. M. P. Hassell, H. Comins, R. M. May, Nature 353, 255 (1991); M. P. Hassell, O. Miramontes, P. Rohani, R. M. May, J. Anim. Ecol. 64, 662 (1994); H. N. Comins, M. P. Hassell, R. M. May, ibid. 61, 735 (1992); J. Bascompte and R. V. Sole, Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 361 (1995); E. Ranta and V. Kaitala, Nature, in press.
14. J. M. Fryxell and P. Lundberg, Evol. Ecol. 7, 379 (1993).
15. P. A. P. Moran, Aust. J. Zool. 1, 291 (1953); V. Kaitala, E. Ranta, J. Lindström, J. Anim. Ecol. 65, 249 (1996); E. Ranta et al., Oikos 78, 136 (1997).
16. P. A. P. Moran, Aust. J. Zool. 1, 291 (1953); V. Kaitala, E. Ranta, J. Lindström, J. Anim. Ecol. 65, 249 (1996); E. Ranta et al., Oikos 78, 136 (1997).
17. P. A. P. Moran, Aust. J. Zool. 1, 291 (1953); V. Kaitala, E. Ranta, J. Lindström, J. Anim. Ecol. 65, 249 (1996); E. Ranta et al., Oikos 78, 136 (1997).
18. H. Henttonen et al., Oikos 50, 353 (1987).
19. T. Royama, Analytical Population Dynamics (Chapman & Hall, London 1992); J. Lindström, H. Kokko, E. Ranta, Oikos 77, 565 (1997); E. Ranta, V. Kaitala, J. Lindström, Ecography 20, 454 (1997); E. Ranta et al., Am. Nat. 149, 765 (1997).
20. T. Royama, Analytical Population Dynamics (Chapman & Hall, London 1992); J. Lindström, H. Kokko, E. Ranta, Oikos 77, 565 (1997); E. Ranta, V. Kaitala, J. Lindström, Ecography 20, 454 (1997); E. Ranta et al., Am. Nat. 149, 765 (1997).
21. T. Royama, Analytical Population Dynamics (Chapman & Hall, London 1992); J. Lindström, H. Kokko, E. Ranta, Oikos 77, 565 (1997); E. Ranta, V. Kaitala, J. Lindström, Ecography 20, 454 (1997); E. Ranta et al., Am. Nat. 149, 765 (1997).
22. T. Royama, Analytical Population Dynamics (Chapman & Hall, London 1992); J. Lindström, H. Kokko, E. Ranta, Oikos 77, 565 (1997); E. Ranta, V. Kaitala, J. Lindström, Ecography 20, 454 (1997); E. Ranta et al., Am. Nat. 149, 765 (1997).
23. i,2 = 10) and left to renew for 1000 generations. From the next 1500 generations, a 68-year sequence was randomly selected for further analyses. Experimentation suggests that the outcome, as we report, is achievable by cyclic dynamics alone or with damped or chaotic dynamics when superimposed with correlated disturbances (3, 6). Thus, the feature we report (Fig. 1, E through G) is not unique for the selected parameters.
24. C. Chatfield, The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction (Chapman & Hall, London, 1989).
25. P. Turchin, Nature 344, 660 (1990).
26. W. D. Koenig, D. Van Vuren, P. N. Hooge, Trends Ecol. Evol. 11, 514 (1996).