Risk of complications of atrial fibrillation

PACE - Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology

Volumn 20, Issue 10 II, 1997, Pages 2684-2691

  Capucci, Alessandro ^a   Villani, Giovanni Quinto ^a   Aschieri, Daniela ^a  

^a Ospedale Civile   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Atrial fibrillation; Complications; Proarrhythmia; Thromboembolism

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMIODARONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; DISOPYRAMIDE; PROCAINAMIDE; QUINIDINE; SOTALOL; WARFARIN;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ARRHYTHMOGENESIS; CONFERENCE PAPER; EMBOLISM; HEART ATRIUM CONTRACTION; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HEART VENTRICLE TACHYCARDIA; HUMAN; RISK ASSESSMENT; STROKE; SUDDEN DEATH; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TORSADE DES POINTES; WOLFF PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME;

ANIMALS; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ANTICOAGULANTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CARDIAC OUTPUT, LOW; CHRONIC DISEASE; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; HEMODYNAMIC PROCESSES; HUMANS; RISK FACTORS; THROMBOEMBOLISM; WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME;

EID: 0030664294     PISSN: 01478389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06117.x     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Kannel WB, Wolf PA. Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation. In RH Falk, Podrid (eds.): Atrial Fibrillation. Mechanism and Management. New York, Raven Press, 1992, pp. 81-92.
2. Graham GH, Taylor JA, Ellis LB, et al. Studies in mitral stenosis: A correlation of postmortem findings with the clinical course in the disease in one hundred and one cases. Arch Intern Med 1951; 88:532-547.
3. Hinton RC, Kistler JP, Fallon JT, et al. Influence of etiology of atrial fibrillation on incidence of systemic embolism. Am J Cardiol 1977; 40:509-514.
4. Wolf PA. Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: The Framingham Study. Neurology 1978; 28:973-977.
5. Petersen P, Boysen G, Gotfredsen J, et al. Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complication in chronic atrial fibrillation: The Copenhagen AFASAK study. Lancet 1989; 1:175-179.
6. Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. The effect of low dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1505-1511.
7. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation study. Final Results. Circulation 1991; 84:527.
8. Connolly SJ, Laupacis A, Gent M, et al. Canadian Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation (CAFA) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18:349-355.
9. Ezekowitz MD, Bridgers SL, James KE, et al. Warfarin in the prevention of stroke associated with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:426S-433S.
10. Kopecky SL, Gersh BJ, Mc Goon MD, et al. The natural history of lone atrial fibrillation. A population-based study over three decades. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:669-674.
11. Brand FN, Abbott RD, Kannel WB, et al. Characteristics and prognosis of lone atrial fibrillation. 30 year follow-up in the Framingham study. JAMA 1985; 254:3449.
12. Davidson E, Rotenberg Z, Weinberg I, et al. Diagnosis and characteristics of lone atrial fibrillation. Chest 1989; 95:1048-1050.
13. Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156:409-413.
14. Manuni GBJ, Weinberg DM. Conversion of atrial fibrillation: A retrospective analysis of the safety and value of anticoagulation. Cardiovasc Rev Rep 1990; 11:18-23.
15. Manning WJ, Leeman DE, Gotch PJ, et al. Pulsed Doppler evaluation of atrial mechanical function after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13:617-621.
16. Grimm RA, Stewart WJ, Maloney JD, et al. Impact of electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation on left atrial appendage function and spontaneous echo contrast: Characterization by simultaneous transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22:1359-1364.
17. Caro JJ, Groome PA, Flegel KM. Atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation: From randomized trial to practice. Lancet 1993; 341:1381-1382.
18. Disch DL, Greenberg ML, Holzberger PT, et al. Managing chronic atrial fibrillation: A Markov decision analysis comparing warfarin, quinidine and low dose amiodarone. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120:449-453.
19. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II study. Lancet 1994; 343:687-689.
20. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Bleeding during antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156:409-412.
21. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Adjusted dose warfarin versus low-intensisty, fixed dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomized clinical trial. Lancet 1996; 348:633-639.
22. European Atrial Fibrillation Trial Study Group. Secondary prevention in non rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. Lancet 1993; 342:1255-1262.
23. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study Group Investigators. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation. 2. Echocardiographic features of patients at risk. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:6-12.
24. Mugge A, Kuhn H, Nikutta P, et al. Assessment of left atrial appendage function by biplane transesophageal echocardiography in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Identification of a subgroup of patients at increased embolic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23:599.
25. Shively BK, Gelgand EA, Crawford MH. Regional left atrial stasis during atrial fibrillation and flutter: Determinants and relation to stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27:1722.
26. Cheng TO. Atrial fibrillation, stroke, and antithrombotic therapy. Am Heart J 1994; 127:961.
27. Hylek EM, Skates SJ, Sheehan MA, et al. An analysis of the lowest effective intensity of prophylactic anticoagulation for patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:540.
28. Hirsh J, Poller L, Deykin D, et al. Optimal therapeutic range for oral anticoagulants. Chest 1989; 95(Suppl.):5.
29. Ruskin J, McHale PA, Harley A, et al. Pressure-flow studies in man: Effects of atrial systole on left ventricular function. J Clin Invest 1970; 49:472-478.
30. Naito M, David D, Michelson EL, et al. The hemodynamic consequences of cardiac arrhythmias: Evaluation of the relative roles of abnormal atrioventricular sequencing, irregularity of ventricular rhythm and atrial fibrillation in a canine model. Am Heart J 1983; 106:284-291.
31. Brignole M, Gianfranchi L, Menozzi C, et al. Role of autonomic reflexes in syncope associated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22:1123-1129.
32. Grogan M, Smith HC, Gersh BJ, et al. Left ventricular dysfunction due to atrial fibrillation in patients initially believed to have idiopathic dilated cardiomyophaty. Am J Cardiol 1992; 69:1570-1573.
33. Coleman HN III, Taylor RR, Pool PE, et al. Congestive heart failure following chronic tachycardia. Am Heart J 1971; 81:790-798.
34. Steinberg JS, Kats RJ, Bren GB, et al. Efficacy of oral diltiazem to control ventricular response in chronic atrial fibrillation at rest and during exercise. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:404-411.
35. Panidis LP, Morganroth J, Baessler C. Effectiveness and safety of oral verapamil to control exercise induced tachycardia in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving digitalis. Am J Cardiol 1983; 52:1197-1201.
36. Falk RH, Leavitt JI. Digoxin for atrial fibrillation: A drug whose time has gone? Ann Intern Med 1991; 114:573-575.
37. Roth A, Harrison E, Mitani G, et al. Efficacy of medium and high dose diltiazem alone and in combination with digoxin for control heart rate at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1986; 73:316-324.
38. Gallagher JJ, Pritchett ELC, Sealy WC, et al. The preexcitation syndrome. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1985; 20:285-289.
39. Fujimura O, Klein GJ, Yee R. The mode of onset of atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: How important is the accessory pathway? J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 14:1082-1087.
40. Waspe LE, Brodman R, Kim SG, et al. Susceptibility to atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Role of the accessory pathway. Am Heart J 1986; 112:1141-1152.
41. Sharma AD, Yee R, Guirardon G, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of invasive and non invasive testing for risk of sudden death in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10:373-381.
42. Klein GB, Bashore TM, Sellers TD, et al. Ventricular fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med 1979; 301:1080-1085.
43. Gulambusein S, Ko P, Klein GJ. Ventricular fibrillation following verapamil in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am Heart J 1983; 106:145-147.
44. Morady F, Di Carlo LA, Baerman JM, et al. Effects of propanolol on ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PACE 1987; 10:492-196.
45. Minardo JD, Heger JJ, Miles WM, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with ventricular fibrillation during antiarrhythmic drug therapy. N Engl J Med 1988; 319:257-262.
46. Jackman WM, Friday KJ, Anderson JL, et al. The long QT syndrome: A critical review, new clinical observations and a unifying hypothesis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1988; 31:115-172.
47. Roden DM, Woosley RL, Primm RK. Incidence and clinical features of the quinidine-associated long QT syndrome: Implications of patients care. Am Heart J 1986; 111:1088-1093.
48. Neuvonen PJ, Elonen E, Vuorenmaa T, et al. Prolonged Q-T interval and severe tachyarrhythmias: Common features of sotalol intoxication. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 20:85-89.
49. Mc Kibbin JK, Pocock W, Barlow JM, et al. Sotalol, hypokaelemia, syncope and torsade de pointes. Br Heart J 1984; 51:157-162.
50. Coplen SE, Antman EM, Berlin JA, et al. Efficacy and safety of quinidine therapy for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Circulation 1990; 82:1106-1116.
51. Flaker GC, Blackshear JL, McBride R, et al. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy and cardiac mortality in atrial fibrillation: The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20:527-532.
52. Podrid PJ, Lampert S, Blatt CA, et al. Aggravation of arrhythmia by antiarrhythmic drugs-incidence and predictors. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59:38-44.
53. Di Bianco R, Grottdiener JS, Singh SN, et al. A review of the effects of disopyramide phosphate on left ventricular function and peripheral circulation. Angiology 1987; 38:174-183.
54. Ladd AT. Procainamide induced lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 1962; 67:1357-1358 .
55. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Increased mortality due to encainide or flecainide in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Eng J Med 1989; 321:406-412.
56. van Gelder IC, Crijns HJGM, van Gilst WH, et al. Efficacy and safety of flecainide acetate in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter. Am J Cardiol 1989; 64:1317-1321.
57. Falk RH. Flecainide-induced ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in patients treated for atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 1989; 111:107-111.
58. Feld GK, Chen PS, Nocod P, et al. Possible atrial proarrhythmic effects of class 1C antiarrhythmic agents. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66:757-775.
59. Murdock CJ, Kyles AE, Yeung-Lai-Wa JA, et al. Atrial flutter in patients treated for atrial fibrillation with propafenone. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66:755-757.
60. Heger JJ, Prystowsky EN, Jackman WM, et al. Amiodarone: Clinical efficacy and electrophysiology during long-term therapy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1981; 305:539-545.
61. Heger JJ, Prystowsky EN, Miles WM, et al. Clinical use and pharmacology of amiodarone. Med Clin North Am 1984; 68:1339-1366.
62. Rakida L, Sobol SM, Mostow N, et al. Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Am Heart J 1983; 106:906-914.
63. Singh BN, Nademanee K. Amiodarone and thyroid function: Clinical implication during antiarrhythmic therapy. Am Heart J 1983; 106:857-868.
64. Ingram DV. Ocular effects in longterm amiodarone therapy. Am Heart J 1983; 106:902-904.