The 'high' concentrations of enzymes within the chloroplast

Photosynthesis Research

Volumn 54, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 5-23

  Harris, Gary C ^a   Königer, Martina ^a  

^a WELLESLEY COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

'high' concentrations of enzymes; Channeling; Enzyme kinetics; Metabolite binding; Photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle enzymes

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030659726     PISSN: 01668595     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1005895213775     Document Type: Short Survey

References (171)

1. Adler K, Arkona C, Manteuffel R and Süss K-H (1993) Electron-microscopical localization of chloroplast proteins by immunogold labeling on cryo-embedded spinach leaves. Cell Biol Int 17: 213-220
2. Alscher-Herman R (1982) Chloroplast alkaline fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase exists in a membrane bound form. Plant Physiol 70: 728-734
3. Amoroso G, Weber C, Sultemeyer D and Fock H (1996) Intracellular carbonic anhydrase activities in Dunaliella tertiolecta (Butcher) and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Dangeard) in relation to inorganic carbon concentration during growth: Further evidence for the existence of two distinct carbonic anhydrases associated with the chloroplasts. Planta 199: 177-184
4. Anderson LE (1987) Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase show apparent specificity for a specific ribulose 5-phosphate species. FEBS Lett 212: 45-48
5. Anderson LE and Ben-Basset D (1981) Membrane-bound carbon metabolism enzymes in pea leaf chloroplasts. In: Akoyunoglou G (ed) Photosynthesis IV Regulation of Carbon Metabolism, pp 373-376. Balaban Int Sci Services, Philadelphia, PA
6. Anderson LE, Goldhaber-Gordon IM, Li D, Tang X, Xiang M and Prakash N (1995) Enzyme-enzyme interaction in the chloroplast: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase and aldolase. Planta 196: 245-255
7. Anderson LE, Gibbons JT and Wang X (1996) Distribution of ten enzymes of carbon metabolism in pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts. Int J Plant Sci 157: 525-538
8. Andrews TJ and Lorimer GH (1987) Rubisco: Structure, mechanisms and prospects for improvement. In: Stumpf PK and Conn EE (eds) The Biochemistry of Plants, Vol 10, pp 131-219. Academic Press Publishers, London
9. Ashton AR (1982) A role for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase as a metabolite buffer. FEBS Lett 145: 1-7
10. Badger MR and Lorimer GH (1981) Interaction of sugar phosphates with the catalytic site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Biochemistry 20: 2219-2225
11. Badger MR and Price GD (1994) The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 45: 369-392
12. Badger MR, Sharkey TD and von Caemmerer S (1984) The relationship between steady-state gas exchange of bean leaves and the levels of carbon-reduction-cycle intermediates. Planta 160: 305-313
13. Ball SG, Marianne T, Dirick L, Fresnoy M, Delrue B and Decq A (1991) A Chlamydomonas reinhardtii low-starch mutant is defective for 3-phosphoglycerate activation and orthophosphate inhibition of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Planta 185: 17-26
14. Bernacchia G, Schwall G, Lottspeich F, Salamini F and Bartels D (1995) The transketolase gene family of the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum: Differential expression during rehydration phase. EMBO J 14: 610-618
15. Brooks K and Criddle RS (1966) Enzymes of the carbon cycle of Photosynthesis I. Isolation and properties of spinach chloroplast aldolase. Arch Biochem Biophys 117: 650-659
16. 2 assimilation in oxygenic photosynthesis: The ferredoxin/thioredoxin system. Arch Biochem Biophys 288: 1-9
17. Cadet F and Meunier J-C (1988) pH and kinetic studies for spinach sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Biochem J 253: 249-254
18. Cadet F, Meunier J-C and Ferté N (1987) Isolation and purification of chloroplastic spinach (Spinacia oleracea) sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase. Biochem J 241: 71-74
19. Cardon ZG and Mott KA (1989) Evidence that ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) binds to inactive sites of RuBP carboxylase in vivo and an estimate of the rate constant for dissociation. Plant Physiol 89: 1253-1257
20. Carrington WA, Lynch RM, Moore EDW, Isenberg G, Fogarty KE and Fay FS (1995) Superresolution three-dimensional images of fluorescence in cells with minimal light exposure. Science 268: 1483-1486
21. Cha S (1970) Kinetic behavior at high enzyme concentration. J Biol Chem 245: 4814-4818
22. Cerff R (1979) Quaternary structure of higher plant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. Eur J Biochem 94: 243-247
23. Chow WS, Quian L, Goodchild DJ and Anderson JM (1988) Photosynthetic acclimation of Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) G. Don to growth irradiance: Structure function and composition of chloroplasts. Aust J Plant Physiol 15: 107-122
24. Crafts-Brandner SJ, Salvucci ME and Egli DB (1991) Fruit removal in soybean induces the formation of an insoluble form of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in leaf extracts. Planta 183:300-306
25. Desimone M, Henke A, Wagner E (1996) Oxidative stress induces partial degradation of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in isolated chloroplasts of barley. Plant Physiol 111: 789-796
26. Dietz K-J and Heber U (1984) Rate-limiting factors in leaf photosynthesis. 1. Carbon fluxes in the Calvin cycle. Biochim Biophys Acta 767: 432-443
27. Dietz K-J and Heber U (1989) Assimilatory force and regulation of photosynthetic carbon reduction in leaves. In: Barber J (ed) Techniques and New Developments in Photosynthesis NATO ASI series, pp 314-363. Plenum Press, New York
28. Eckardt NA, Snyder GW, Portis AR Jr, Ogren WL (1997) Growth and Photosynthesis under high and low irradiance of Arabidopsis thaliana antisense mutants with reduced ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase content. Plant Physiol 113: 575-586
29. Edwards GE and Walker DA (1983) C3, C4: Mechanisms, and cellular and environmental regulation of photosynthesis, pp 156-200. Blackwell Sci Pub, Oxford, London
30. Elson EL (1988) Cellular mechanics as an indicator of cytoskeletal structure and function. Ann Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 17: 397-430
31. Farquhar GD (1979) Models describing the kinetics of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 193: 456-468
32. 3 species. Planta 149: 78-90
33. Fischer KH and Latzko E (1979) Chloroplast ribulose-5-phosphate kinase: Light-mediated activation, and detection of both soluble and membrane associated activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 89: 300-306
34. Flügge U-I and Heldt HW (1991) Metabolite translocators of the chloroplast envelope. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 42: 129-144
35. Furbank RT, Foyer CH and Walker DA (1987) Interactions between ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and stromal metabolites. II. Corroboration of the role of this enzyme as a metabolite buffer. Biochem Biophys Acta 894: 165-173
36. 4 plant Flaveria bidentis. Plant Physiol 111: 725-734
37. 2 fixation. Regulation of spinach ribulose-5-phosphate kinase by stromal metabolite levels. Biochim Biophys Acta 722: 51-60
38. 3 plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 45: 235-256
39. Giudici-Orticoni M-T, Gontero B, Rault M and Ricard J (1992) Structural and functional organization of enzymes of the CalvinBenson cycle at the surface of thylakoids of spinach chloroplasts. CR Acad Sci Paris 314: 477-483
40. Goloubinoff P, Christeller JT, Gatenby AA and Lorimer GH (1989) Reconstitution of active dimeric ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from an unfolded state depends on two chaperonin proteins and Mg-ATP. Nature 342: 884-888
41. Gontero B, Cárdenas ML and Richard J (1988) A functional five-enzyme complex of chloroplasts involved in the Calvin cycle. Eur J Biochem 173: 437-443
42. Halliwell B (1984) Chloroplast Metabolism: The Structure and Function of Chloroplasts in Green Leaf Cells. Clarendon Press, Oxford
43. Harris GC, Cheesborough JK and Walker DA (1983) Effects of mannose on photosynthetic gas exchange in spinach leaf discs. Plant Physiol 77: 108-111
44. Hartman FC and Harpel MR (1994) Structure, function, regulation, and assembly of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxgenase. Annu Rev Biochem 63: 197-234
45. Hasslacher B, Kapral R and Lawniczak A (1993) Molecular Turing structures in the biochemistry of the cell. Chaos 3: 7-13
46. Heldt HW, and Sauer F(1971) The inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope as the site of specific metabolite transport. Biochim Biophys Acta 234: 83-91
47. 2 fixation by light. In: Akoyunoglou G (ed) Photosynthesis IV Regulation of Carbon Metabolism, pp 213-226. Balaban Int Sci Services, Philadelphia, PA
48. Hermoso R, deFelipe MR, Vivó A, Chueca A, Lázaro JJ and Gorge JL (1989) Immunogold localization of photosynthetic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in pea leaf tissue. Plant Physiol 89: 381-385
49. Hermoso R, Fonolla J, deFelipe MR, Vivo A, Chueca A, Lázaro JJ and Lopez-Gorge J (1992) Double immunogold localization of thioredoxin f and photosynthetic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Plant Physiol Biochem 252: 39-46
50. Heupel R and Heldt HW (1994) Protein organization in the matrix of leaf peroxisomes. Eur J Biochem 220: 165-172
51. Hosur MV, Sainis JK, Kannan KK (1993) Crystallization and X-ray analysis of a multienzyme complex containing Rubisco and RuBP. J Mol Biol 234: 1274-1278
52. Hudson GS, Evans JR, von Caemmerer S, Arvidsson YBC and Andrews TJ (1992) Reduction of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content by antisense RNA reduces photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Physiol 98: 294-302
53. Huffaker RC (1990) Proteolytic activity during senescence of plants. New Phytol 116: 199-231
54. Ishibashi M, Usuda H and Terashima I (1996) The loss of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase caused by 24-hour rain treatment fully explains the decrease in photosynthetic rate in bean leaves. Plant Physiol 111: 635-640
55. Iwaki T, Wadano A, Yokota A and Himeno M (1991) Aldolase - an important enzyme in controlling the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rate in photosynthesis. Plant Cell Physiol 32: 1083-1091
56. Izawa S and Good NE (1966) Effect of salts and electron transport on the conformation of isolated chloroplasts. II. Electron microscopy. Plant Physiol 41: 544-552
57. Jensen RG and Bahr JT (1977) Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 29: 379-400
58. Jocobson K and Wojcieszyn J (1984) The translational mobility of substances within the cytoplasmic matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci 81: 6747-6751
59. Knowles FC, Chanley JD and Pon NG (1980) Spectral changes arising from the action of spinach chloroplast ribosephosphate isomerase on ribose 5-phosphate. Arch Biochem Biophys 202: 106-115
60. Koch-Schmidt A-C, Mattiasson B and Mosbach K (1977) Aspects on microenvironmental compartmentation. An evaluation of the influence of restricted diffusion, exclusion effects and enzyme proximity on the overall efficiency of the sequential 2-enzyme system malate dehydrogenase-citrate synthetase in its soluble and immobilized form. Eur J Biochem 81: 71-78
61. Köpke-Secundo E, Molnar I and Schnarrenberger C (1990) Isolation and characterization of the cytosolic and chloroplastic 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from spinach leaves. Plant Physiol 93: 40-47
62. Kow YW and Gibbs M (1982) Characterization of a photosynthesizing reconstituted spinach chloroplast preparation. Plant Physiol 69: 179-186
63. Krieger TJ and Miziorko HM (1986) Affinity labeling and purification of spinach leaf ribulose-5-phosphate kinase. Biochemistry 25: 3496-3501
64. Krüger I and Schnarrenberger C (1983) Purification, subunit structure and immunological comparison of fructose-bisphosphate aldolases from spinach and corn leaves. Eur J Biochem 136: 101-106
65. Kuntz GWK, Eber S, Kessler W, Krietsch H and Krietsch WKG (1978) Isolation of phosphoglycerate kinases by affinity chromatography. Eur J Biochem 85: 493-501
66. Kurzok H-G and Feierabend J (1984) Comparison of a cytosolic and chloroplastic triosephosphate isomerase isozyme from rye leaves. I. Purification and catalytic properties. Biochim Biophys Acta 788: 214-221
67. 2 fixation changes in the activity of ribulosephosphate kinase and fructose- and sedoheptulose bisphosphatase in chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 637: 348-359
68. 6/f-Photosystem 1 ferredoxin-NADP reductase supercomplexes. Photosynthetica 27: 465-479
69. Larsson C, Collin C and Albertson P-Å (1973) The fine structure of chloroplast stroma crystals. J Ultrastructure Res 45: 50-58
70. 2- and activating metal ion. Biochim Biophys Acta 132: 33-40
71. Latzko E and Gibbs M (1968) Distribution and activity of enzymes of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle in spinach leaves and in chloroplasts isolated by different methods. Z Pflanzenphysiol 59: 184-194
72. Lavergne D and Bismuth E (1973) Simultaneous purification of two kinases from spinach leaves: Ribulose-5-phosphate kinase and phosphoglycerate kinase. Plant Sci Lett 1: 229-236
73. Lavergne J, Bouchard J-P and Joliot P (1992) Plastoquinone compartmentation in chloroplasts. II. Theoretical aspects. Biochim Biophys Acta 1101: 13-22
74. Lazaro JJ, Hermoso R, Fonolla J, Sahrawy M, Carrasco JL, De Felipe MR, Chueca A, Prado FE and Lopez Gorgé J (1992) Immunogold localization and binding features in the association of photosynthetic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and thioredoxin f to chloroplast membranes. In: Barber J, Guerrero MG and Medrano H (eds) Trends in Photosynthesis Research, pp 209-222. Intercept Ltd, Andover, NH
75. Lebherz HG, Leadbetter MM and Bradshaw RA (1984) Isolation and characterization of the cytosolic and chloroplast forms of spinach leaf fructose diphosphate aldolase. J Biol Chem 259: 1011-1017
76. 2-pathway enzymes by light and other factors. Photosynth Res 6: 247-259
77. Leegood RC (1990) Enzymes of the Calvin cycle. In: Lea PJ (ed) Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol 3, pp 15-37. Academic Press, New York
78. Leegood RC, Kobayashi Y, Neimanis S, Walker DA and U Heber (1982) Co-operative activation of chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by reductant, pH and substrate. Biochim Biophys Acta 682: 168-178
79. Lilley R McC, Fitzgerald MP, Rienits KG and Walker DA (1975) Criteria of intactness and the photosynthetic activity of spinach chloroplast preparations. New Phytol 75: 1-10
80. 2 flux by three different methods. Plant Physiol 98: 1437-1444
81. Lorimer GH, Badger MR and Andrews TJ (1976) The activation of ribulose -1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by carbon dioxide and magnesium ions. Equilibria, kinetics, a suggested mechanism and physiological implications. Biochemistry 15: 529-536
82. Luby-Phelps K, Lanni F and Taylor DL (1988) The submicroscopic properties of cytoplasm as a determinant of cellular function. Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 17: 369-396
83. Macioszek J and Anderson LE (1987) Changing kinetic properties of the two-enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase/NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase couple from pea chloroplasts during photosynthetic induction. Biochim Biophys Acta 892: 185-190
84. Macioszek J, Anderson JB and Anderson LE (1990) Isolation of chloroplastic phosphoglycerate kinase. Kinetics of the two enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase couple. Plant Physiol 94: 291-296
85. Makino A and Osmond B (1991) Solubilization of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate from the membrane fraction of pea leaves. Photosynth Res 29: 79-85
86. Marcus F, Moberly L and Latshaw SP (1988) Comparative amino acid sequence of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases: Identification of a region unique to the light-regulated chloroplast enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci 8: 5379-5383
87. Marques IA, Ford DM, Muschinek G and Anderson LE (1987) Photosynthetic carbon metabolism in isolated pea chloroplasts: Metabolite levels and enzyme activities. Arch Biochem Biophys 252: 458-466
88. Martin W, Henze K, Kellerman J, Flechner A and Schnarrenberger C (1996) Microsequencing and cDNA cloning of the Calvin cycle/OPPP enzyme ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.6) from spinach chloroplasts. Plant Mol Biol 30: 795-805
89. Mattevi A, Obmolova G, Schulze E, Kalk KH, Westphal AH, de Kok A, Hol WGJ (1992) Atomic structure of the cubic core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Science 255: 1544-1550
90. McKay RML and Gibbs SB (1991) Composition and function of pyrenoids and immunocytochemical approaches. Can J Bot 69: 1040-1052
91. McNeil PH and Walker DA (1981) The effect of magnesium and other ions on the distribution of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in chloroplast extracts. Arch Biochem Biophys 208: 184-188
92. Mendiola L and Akazawa T (1964) Partial purification and enzymatic nature of fraction I protein. Biochemistry 3: 174
93. Minton AP and Wilf J (1981) Effect of macromolecular crowding upon the structure and function of an enzyme: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochemistry 20: 4821-4826
94. Moore D and Seeman JR (1994) Evidence that 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate binds to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate in vivo. Plant Physiol 105: 731-737
95. Mori H, Takabe T and Akazawa T (1984) Loose association of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Photosynth Res 5: 17-28
96. Mott KA, Jensen RG, O'Leary JW and Berry JA (1984) Photosynthesis and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate concentrations in intact leaves cf Xanthium strumarium. Plant Physiol 76: 968-971
97. 2-fixing enzyme complex in spinach chloroplasts. Z Naturforsch 27B: 925-932
98. Muramatsu N and Minton AP (1988) Tracer diffusion of globular proteins in concentrated protein solutions. Proc Natl Acad Sci 85: 2984-2988
99. Murphy DJ and Walker DA (1982) The properties of transketolase from photosynthetic tissue. Planta 155: 316-320
100. Nicholson S, Easterby JS and Powls R (1987) Properties of a multimeric protein complex from chloroplasts possessing potential activities of NADPH-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoribulokinase. Eur J Biochem 162: 423-431
101. Nowitzki U, Wyrich R, Westhoff P, Henze K, Schnarrenberger C and Martin W (1995) Cloning of the amphibolic Calvin cycle/OPPP enzyme D-ribose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.1) from spinach chloroplasts: Functional and evolutionary aspects. Plant Mol Biol 29: 1279-1291
102. Ogren WL (1984) Photorespiration: Pathways, regulation and modification. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 35: 415-442
103. Okabe K, Yang SH, Tsuzuki M, Miyachi S (1984) Carbonic anhydrase: Its content in spinach leaves and its taxonomic diversity studied with anti-spinach leaf anhydrase antibody. Plant Sci Lett 33: 145-153
104. Okada M (1992) Recent studies on the composition and activity of algal pyrenoids. Prog Phycol Res 8: 117-138
105. Omnaas J, Porter MA and Hartman FC (1985) Evidence for a reactive cysteine at the nucleotide binding site of spinach ribulose-5-phosphate kinase. Arch Biochim Biophys 236: 646-653
106. Ovádi J (1991) Physiological significance of metabolic channeling. J Theor Biol 152: 1-22
107. 2 assimilation and growth in low irradiance. Plant J 7: 535-542
108. Pearcy RW (1990) Sunflecks and photosynthesis in plant canopies. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 41: 421-453
109. Peisker M (1974) A model describing the influence of oxygen on photosynthetic carboxylation. Photosynthetica 8: 47-50
110. Perchorowicz JT, Raynes DA and Jensen RG (1981) Light limitation of photosynthesis and activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in wheat seedlings. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 2985-2989
111. Persson L-O and Johansson G (1989) Studies of protein-protein interaction using countercurrent distribution in aqueous two-phase systems. Biochem J 259: 863-870
112. Peterkofsky A and Racker E (1961) The reductive pentose phosphate cycle III, enzyme activities in cell-free extracts of photosynthetic organisms. Plant Physiol 36: 409-414
113. Pichersky E and Gottlieb LD (1984) Plant triose phosphate isomerase. Plant Physiol 74: 340-347
114. Pickersgill RW (1986) An upper limit to the active site concentration of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in chloroplasts. Biochem J 236:311
115. 2 concentrating mechanism in a starchless mutant of the green unicellular alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Planta 200: 28-31
116. Porter MA (1990) The aggregation states of spinach phosphoribulokinase. Planta 181: 349-357
117. Porter MA, Milanez S, Stringer CD and Hartman FC (1986) Purification and characterization of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase from spinach. Arch Biochem Biophys 245: 14-23
118. 2 assimilation via a reduction in ribulose bisphosphate regeneration in transgenic tobacco plants. Planta 195: 369-378
119. Queiroz-Claret C and Meunier JC (1995) Light activation of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase by a reconstituted thylakoid system compared with DTT activation. Evidence for proteinenzyme interactions. J Plant Physiol 145: 45-49
120. Raghavendra AS, Carrillo N and Vallejos RH (1981) The pattern and characteristics of membrane bound ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in spinach chloroplasts. In: Akoyunoglou G (ed) Photosynthesis IV Regulation of Carbon Metabolism, pp 31-38. Balaban Int Sci Services, Philadelphia, PA
121. Raines CA Lloyd JC, Willingham NM, Potts S and Dyer TA (1992) cDNA and gene sequences of wheat chloroplast sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate reveal homology with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases. Eur J Biochem 205: 1053-1059
122. 2-concentrating mechanism is correlated with the formation of the starch sheath around the pyrenoid of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Planta 195: 210-216
123. 31P NMR study of bound reactants and products of yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase at equilibrium and effect of sulfate ion. J Biol Chem 253: 8056-8060
124. Rault M, Gontero B and Ricard J (1991) Thioredoxin activation of phosphoribulokinase in a chloroplast multi-enzyme complex. Eur J Biochem 197:791-797
125. Robinson SP and Portis AR Jr (1988) Release of the nocturnal inhibitor, carboxyarabinitol-1-phosphate, from ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by Rubisco activase. FEBS Lett 233: 413-416
126. Rother TG, Acker R and Scheibe R (1988) Immunogold localization of chloroplast protein in spinach leaf mesophyll, epidermis and guard cells. Bot Acta 101: 311-320
127. Rumeau D, Cuiné S, Fina L, Gault N, Nicole M and Peltier G (1996) Subcellular distribution of carbonic anhydrase in Solanum tuberosum L. leaves. Planta 199: 79-88
128. Rutner AC (1970) Spinach 5-phosphoribose isomerase. Purification and properties of the enzyme. Biochemistry 9: 178-184
129. Sage RF, Reid CD, Moore BD and Seeman JR (1993) Long-term kinetics of the light-dependent regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity in plants with and without 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate. Planta 191: 222-230
130. Sainis JK and Harris GC (1986) The association of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase with phosphoriboisomerase and phosphoribulokinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 139: 947-953
131. Sainis JK and Harris GC (1987) Studies on a multienzyme complex containing RuBP carboxylase, phosphoriboisomerase and phosphoribulokinase. In: Biggins J (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis Res III, pp 491-494. Martinus Nijhoff Pub, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
132. Sainis JK and Jawali N (1994) Channeling of the intermediates and catalytic facilitation to Rubisco in a multienzyme complex of Calvin cycle enzymes. Ind J Biochem Biophys 31: 215-220
133. Sainis JK and Srinivasan VT (1993) Effect of the state of water as studied by pulsed NMR on the function of Rubisco in a multienzyme complex. J Plant Physiol 142: 564-568
134. Sainis JK, Merriam K and Harris GC (1989) The association of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with phosphoribulokinase. Plant Physiol 89: 368-374
135. Salvucci ME (1992) Subunit interactions of Rubisco activase: Polyethylene glycol promotes self-association, stimulates ATPase and activation activities, and enhances interactions with Rubisco. Arch Biochem Biophys 298: 688-696
136. Salvucci ME and Ogren WL (1966) The mechanism of Rubisco activase: Insights from studies of the properties and structure of the enzyme. Photosynth Res 47: 1-11
137. 2 exchange under transient light conditions. Plant Physiol 99: 227-234
138. Scagliarini S, Trost P, Pupillo P and Valenti V (1993) Light activation and molecular-mass changes of NAD(P)-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase of spinach and maize leaves. Planta 190: 313-319
139. Scheibe R and Beck E (1979) On the mechanisms of activation by light of the NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 64: 744-748
140. Schimkat D, Heineke D and Heldt HW (1990) Regulation of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate by sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and glycerate, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by glycerate in spinach chloroplasts. Planta 181: 97-103
141. Schnarrenberger C and Krüger I (1986) Distinction between cytosol and chloroplast fructose-bisphosphate aldolases from pea, wheat, and corn leaves. Plant Physiol 80: 301-304
142. Schnarrenberger C, Flechner A and Martin W (1995) Enzymatic evidence for a complete oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in chloroplasts and an incomplete pathway in the cytosol of spinach leaves. Plant Physiol 108: 609-614
143. Schürmann P and Wolosiuk RA (1978) Studies on the regulatory properties of chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Biochim Biophys Acta 522: 130-138
144. Segel IH (1993) Enzyme Kinetics Behavior and Analysis of Rapid Equilibrium and Steady-State Enzyme Systems, pp 72-74. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York
145. Shaw PJ and Henwood JA (1985) Immuno-gold localization of cytochrome f, light harvesting complex, ATP synthase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Planta 165: 333-339.
146. Skrukrud CL and Anderson LE (1991) Chloroplast phosphoribulokinase associates with yeast phosphoriboisomerase in the presence of substrate. FEBS Lett 280: 259-261
147. Skrukrud CL, Gordon IM, Dorwin S, Yuan X-H, Johansson G and Anderson LE (1991) Purification and characterization of pea chloroplastic phosphoriboisomerase. Plant Physiol 97: 730-735
148. 2-concentrating mechanism and carbon isotope discrimination in lichens and bryophytes. Planta 198: 6-16
149. Sprey B and Lambert C (1977) Lamellae-bound inclusions in isolated spinach chloroplasts U. Identification and composition. Z Pflanzenphysiol 83: 227-247
150. Srere PA (1987) Complexes of sequential metabolic enzymes. Annu Rev Biochem 56: 89-124
151. Srivastava DK and Bernhard SA (1987) Biophysical chemistry of metabolic reaction sequences in concentrated enzyme solution and in the cell. Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 16: 175-204
152. Stitt M (1991) Channeling in photosynthesis: The sublime and the ridiculous. J Theor Biol 152: 35-37
153. Stitt M and Schulze E-D (1994) Does Rubisco control the rate of photosynthesis and plant growth? An exercise in molecular ecophysiology. Plant Cell Environ 17: 465-487
154. Sültemeyer D, Schmidt C and Fock HP (1993) Carbonic anhydrase in higher plants and microorganisms. Physiol Plant 88: 179-190
155. +-ATP synthetase may serve as a membrane receptor. Z Naturforsch 45 C: 633-637
156. Süss K-H, Arkona C, Manteuffel R and Adler K (1993) Calvin cycle multienzyme complexes are bound to chloroplast thylakoid membranes of higher plants in situ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 5514-5518
157. Süss K-H and Sainis JK (1996) Supramolecular organization of water-soluble photosynthetic enzymes in chloroplasts. In: Pessarakli M (ed) Handbook of Photosynthesis, pp 305-314. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
158. Teige M, Kopriva S, Bauwe H and Süss K-H (1995) Chloroplast pentose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase from potato: Cloning, cDNA sequence and tissue-specific enzyme accumulation. FEBS Lett 377:349-352
159. Trost P, Scagliarini S, Valenti V and Pupillo P (1993) Activation of spinach chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase: Effect of glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate. Planta 190: 320-326
160. Vandermeulen DL and Ressler N (1980) A near-infrared analysis of water-macromolecule interactions: Hydration and spectra of aqueous solutions of intact proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 199: 197-205
161. Van Noort G and Wildman SG (1964) Proteins of green leaves. IX. Enzymatic properties of fraction-I protein isolated by a specific antibody. Biochim Biophys Acta 90: 309-317
162. Vapaavuori EM (1986) Correlation of activity and amount of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase with chloroplast stroma crystals in water-stressed willow leaves. J Exp Bot 37: 89-98
163. Vaughn KC (1987) Two immunogold approaches to the detection of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in guard cell chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 84: 188-196
164. von Caemmerer S, Evans JR, Hudson GS and Andrews TJ (1994) The kinetics of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in vivo inferred from measurements of photosynthesis in leaves of transgenic tobacco. Planta 195: 88-97
165. Wang X, Tang X-y and Anderson LE (1996) Enzyme-enzyme interaction in the chloroplast: Physical evidence for association between phosphoglycerate kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro. Plant Sci 117: 45-53
166. 2+ and ATP or adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]-triphosphate (ATPγS) enhances intrinsic fluorescence and induces aggregation which increases the activity of spinach Rubisco activase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1202: 47-55
167. Welch GR and Easterby JS (1994) Metabolic channeling versus free diffusion: Transition time analysis. Trends Biochem Sci 19: 193-197
168. Wood T (1979) Purification and properties of D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3 epimerase from calf liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 570: 352-362
169. 3 plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 39: 533-594
170. 3 photosynthesis: A sensitivity analysis of the photosynthetic carbon-reduction cycle. Planta 191: 421-432
171. Zimmerman G, Kelley GJ and Latzko E (1976) Efficient purification and molecular properties of spinach chloroplast fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. Eur J Biochem 70: 361-367