A multiyear workplace-monitoring program for refractory ceramic fibers: Findings and conclusions

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 156-171

  Maxim, L Daniel ^a   Allshouse, John N ^a   Kelly, William P ^b   Walters, Thomas ^c   Waugh, Richard ^d  

^a EVEREST CONSULTING ASSOCIATES   (United States)

^b Unifrax Corporation   (United States)

^c Premier Refractories and Chemicals   (United States)

^d Thermal Ceramics   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CERAMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FIBER; MONITORING; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; WORKPLACE;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0030659158     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/rtph.1997.1153     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Abell M. T., Shulman S. A., Baron P. A. The quality of fiber count data. Appl. Ind. Hyg. 4:1989;273-285.
2. Aitchison J., Brown J. A. C. The Lognormal Distribution with Special Reference to Its Uses in Economics. 1969;Cambridge University PressUniversity of Cambridge Department of Applied Economics Monographs.
3. Barrows G. L. Product stewardship program. Am. Ceramic Soc. Bull. 72:1993;28-34.
4. Bollinger N. J., Schutz R. H. A NIOSH Technical Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection. 1987.
5. Box G. E. P., Cox D. R. An analysis of transformations. J. R. Stat. Soc. B-26:1964;211-243.
6. Breysse P. N. Electron microscopic analysis of airborne asbestos fibers. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 22:1991;201-227.
7. Cochran W. G. Sampling Techniques. 1963;Wiley, New York.
8. Colton C. E., Birkner L. R., Brosseau L. M. Respiratory Protection: A Manual and Guideline. 1991;Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. p. 37-39.
9. M. Corn, P. S. J. Lees, P. N. Breysse, Final, March 1992, Characterization of End-User Exposures to Industrial (RCF) Insulation Products.
10. Esmen N., Corn M., Hammad Y., Whittier D., Kotsko N. Summary of measurements of employee exposures to airborne dust and fiber in sixteen facilities producing MMMFs. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 40:1979;106-117.
11. Esmen N. A., Hammad Y. Y. Log-normality of environmental sampling data. J. Environ. Sci. Health. 29:1977;29-42.
12. Everest Consulting Associates, 1992, Report to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): An Analysis of the Economic Feasibility of a 1 f/cc Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for the Refractory Ceramic Fiber (RCF) Industry, Cranbury, NJ.
13. Everest Consulting Associates, 1994, Draft-First Year Report on Workplace Monitoring, Cranbury, NJ.
14. Everest Consulting Associates, 1995, Draft-Second Year Report on Workplace Monitoring, Cranbury, NJ.
15. Everest Consulting Associates, 1996a, Particulate-to-Fiber Ratios and Fiber Size Distributions in the RCC Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) Study and in the Workplace, Cranbury, NJ.
16. Everest Consulting Associates, 1996b, Refractory Ceramic Fibers: A Substitute Study, Cranbury, NJ.
17. Everest Consulting Associates, 1996c, Draft - Third-Year Report on Workplace Monitoring, Cranbury, NJ.
18. Gilbert Richard O. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. 1987;Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. p. 152-.
19. Glass L. R., Mast R. W., Hesterberg T. W., Anderson R., McConnell E. E., Bernstein D. M. Inhalation oncogenicity of refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) in rats - Final results. Toxicologist. 12:1992;377.
20. P. Gross, M. L. Westrick, H. H. Schrenk, 1955, Final Report on an Investigation of the Effects of Fiberfrax Dust Upon the Lungs of Rats.
21. Koch G. S., Link R. F. Statistical Analysis of Geological Data. 1980;Dover.
22. J. Lockey, G. Lemasters, C. Rice, R. McKay, P. Gartside, 1993, A Retrospective Cohort Morbidity, Mortality and Nested Case Control Study of the Respiratory Health of Individuals Manufacturing Refractory Ceramic Fiber and RCF Product, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
23. Mast R. W., McConnell E. E., Glass L. R., Hesterberg T. W., Thevenaz P., Chevalier J., Anderson R. A multiple-dose chronic inhalation toxicity study of kaolin refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) in male Fisher 344 rats. Toxicologist. 13:1993;43.
24. Mast R. W., McConnell E. E., Glass L. R., Hesterberg T. W., Anderson R., Bernstein D. M. Inhalation oncogenicity of kaolin refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) in hamsters - Final results. Toxicologist. 12:1992;377.
25. Mast R. W., McConnell E. E., Hesterberg T. W., Chevalier J., Kotin P., Thevenaz P., Bernstein D. M., Glass L. R., Miiller W. C., Anderson R. A multiple-dose chronic inhalation toxicity study of size-separated kaolin refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) in male Fischer 344 rats. Inhal. Toxicol. 7:1995a;469-502.
26. Mast R. W., McConnell E. E., Anderson R., Chevalier J., Kotin P., Bernstein D. M., Thevenaz R., Glass L. R., Miiller W. C., Hesterberg T. W. Studies on the chronic toxicity (inhalation) of four types of refractory ceramic fiber in male Fischer 344 rats. Inhal. Toxicol. 7:1995b;425-468.
27. Maxim L. D., Kelly W. P., Walters T., Waugh R. A multiyear workplace-monitoring program for refractory ceramic fibers. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 20:1994;S200-S215.
28. McConnell E. E., Mast R. W., Hesterberg T. W., Chevalier J., Kotin P., Bernstein D. M., Thevenaz P., Glass L. R., Anderson R. Chronic inhalation toxicity of a kaolin-based refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) in Syrian golden hamsters. Inhal. Toxicol. 7:1995;503-532.
29. Members of the Ad HocDGXI, March 16, 1994, The Relationship between Airborne Fibre Concentration and Diameter for Refractory Ceramic Fibre (RCF): A Preliminary Working Paper, European Ceramic Fibre Industry Association.
30. Manual of Analytical Methods. Rev. 1989.
31. Refractory Ceramic Fibers Coalition (RCFC) and RCFC Member Companies and Consultants, 1993, Refractory Ceramic Fiber Monitoring Project: Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPjP).
32. Rice C. Assessment of current fiber and silica exposure in the U.S. refractory ceramic fiber manufacturing industry. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 38:1994;739-744.
33. Rice C. Identification of changes in airborne fiber concentrations in refractory ceramic fiber manufacture related to process or ventilation modifications. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 3:1996;85-90.
34. Rice C. Estimation of historical and current employee exposure to refractory ceramic fibers during manufacturing and related operations. Applied Occup. Envir. Hyg. J. 12:1997;54-61.
35. Symanski E. An investigation of systematic changes in occupational exposure. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 57:1996;724-735.
36. TIMA, Inc. July 10, 1990, Health and Safety Aspects of Man-Made Vitreous Fibers, Information, Data, Comments and Recommendations Regarding Occupational Exposure to Man-Made Vitreous Fibers.
37. 57 Fed. Reg. 29 May 1992;22688-22938.
38. Walters Thomas E. Refractory ceramic fibers update. Am. Ceramic Soc. Bull. 74:1995;61-64.
39. World Health Organization (WHO), 1985, Reference Methods for Measuring Airborne Man-Made Mineral Fibres (MMMF), WHO/EURO MMMF Reference Scheme, Monitoring Concentration Using a Phase Contrast Optical Microscope, Determining Size Using a Scanning Electron Microscope.
40. Yu C. P., Zhang L., Oberdörster G., Mast R. W., Glass L. R., Utell J. J. Deposition modeling of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in the rat lung. J. Aerosol Sci. 25:1994;407-417.
41. Yu C. P., Zhang L., Oberdörster G., Mast R. W., Maxim L. D., Utell M. J. Deposition of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in the human respiratory trace and comparison with rodent studies. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 23:1995;291-300.
42. Yu C. P., Ding Y. J., Zhang L., Oberdörster G., Mast R. W., Maxim L. D., Utell M. J. A clearance model of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in the rat lung including fiber dissolution and breakage. J. Aerosol Sci. 27:1996;151-160.
43. Yu C. P., Ding Y. J., Zhang L., Oberdörster G., Mast R. W., Maxim L. D., Utell M. J. Retention modeling of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in humans. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 25:1997;18-25.