메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 188-193

Clinical pattern and clinical neurophysiology of spasticity;Spastik: Pathophysiologie Klinik und Pharmakotherapie. 2. Klinik und klinische Neurophysiologie

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTONOMIC HYPERREFLEXIA; BABINSKI REFLEX; CLONUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; MUSCLE TONE; MYOTATIC REFLEX; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SPASTICITY; TENDON REFLEX;

EID: 0030658051     PISSN: 03024350     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1017807     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (9)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0021060882 scopus 로고
    • Denervation activity in the EMG of patients with upper motor neuron lesions: Time course, local distribution and pathogenetic aspects
    • Benecke, R., A. Berthold, B. Conrad: Denervation activity in the EMG of patients with upper motor neuron lesions: time course, local distribution and pathogenetic aspects. J. Neurol. 230 (1983) 143-151
    • (1983) J. Neurol , vol.230 , pp. 143-151
    • Benecke, R.1    Berthold, A.2    Conrad, B.3
  • 2
    • 0029664572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalamic metabolism and corticospinal tract integrity determine motor recovery in stroke
    • Binkofski, F., R. J. Seitz, S. Arnold et al.: Thalamic metabolism and corticospinal tract integrity determine motor recovery in stroke. Ann. Neurol. 39 (1996) 460-470
    • (1996) Ann. Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 460-470
    • Binkofski, F.1    Seitz, R.J.2    Arnold, S.3
  • 3
    • 0016892698 scopus 로고
    • The contractile properties of slow muscle fibres in sheep extraocular muscle
    • Browne, J. S.: The contractile properties of slow muscle fibres in sheep extraocular muscle. London J. Physiol. 254 (1976) 535-550
    • (1976) London J. Physiol , vol.254 , pp. 535-550
    • Browne, J.S.1
  • 4
    • 0025642667 scopus 로고
    • Denervation in hemiplegic muscles
    • Brown, W. F., R. Snow: Denervation in hemiplegic muscles. Stroke 21 (1990) 1700-1704
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 1700-1704
    • Brown, W.F.1    Snow, R.2
  • 5
    • 0025861750 scopus 로고
    • Altered corticospinal projections to lower limb motoneurons in subjects with cerebral palsy
    • Brouwer, B., P. Ashby: Altered corticospinal projections to lower limb motoneurons in subjects with cerebral palsy. Brain 114 (1991) 1395-1407
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 1395-1407
    • Brouwer, B.1    Ashby, P.2
  • 6
    • 0026088904 scopus 로고
    • The functional anatomy of motor recovery after stroke in humans: A study with positron emission tomography
    • Chollet, F., V. DiPiero, R. J. S. Wise et al.: The functional anatomy of motor recovery after stroke in humans: A study with positron emission tomography. Ann. Neurol. 29 (1991) 63-71
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 63-71
    • Chollet, F.1    DiPiero, V.2    Wise, R.J.S.3
  • 7
    • 0002696945 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of the human cortex
    • Thilmann, A. F., D. J. Burke, W. Z. Rymer (eds.): Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg
    • Cohen, L. G., A. Pascual-Leone: Plasticity of the human cortex. In: Thilmann, A. F., D. J. Burke, W. Z. Rymer (eds.): Spasticity: Mechanisms and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg (1993) 67-81
    • (1993) Spasticity: Mechanisms and Management , pp. 67-81
    • Cohen, L.G.1    Pascual-Leone, A.2
  • 8
    • 0008070319 scopus 로고
    • The premotor area. Its relation to spasticity and flaccidity in man
    • Davison, C., I. Bieber: The premotor area. Its relation to spasticity and flaccidity in man. Arch. Neurol. Psych. 32 (1934) 963-972
    • (1934) Arch. Neurol. Psych , vol.32 , pp. 963-972
    • Davison, C.1    Bieber, I.2
  • 9
    • 0012282493 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiological mechanisms of spasticity at the spinal cord level
    • Thilmann, A.F., D. J. Burke, W. Z. Rymer (eds.): Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg
    • Delwaide, P. J.: Pathophysiological mechanisms of spasticity at the spinal cord level. In: Thilmann, A.F., D. J. Burke, W. Z. Rymer (eds.): Spasticity: Mechanisms and Management. Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg (1993) 296-308
    • (1993) Spasticity: Mechanisms and Management , pp. 296-308
    • Delwaide, P.J.1
  • 10
    • 0002682172 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiologie und Therapie der spastischen Gangstörung
    • Dietz, V.: Pathophysiologie und Therapie der spastischen Gangstörung. Neurol. Rehabil. 2 (1995) 67-74
    • (1995) Neurol. Rehabil , vol.2 , pp. 67-74
    • Dietz, V.1
  • 11
    • 9844229257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verlag W. Kohlhammer. Stuttgart
    • Dietz, V. (Hrsg.): Querschnittslähmung. Verlag W. Kohlhammer. Stuttgart (1996)
    • (1996) Querschnittslähmung
    • Dietz, V.1
  • 12
    • 0019837321 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological studies of gait in spasticity and rigidity
    • Dietz, V., J. Quintern, W. Berger: Electrophysiological studies of gait in spasticity and rigidity. Brain 104 (1981) 431-449
    • (1981) Brain , vol.104 , pp. 431-449
    • Dietz, V.1    Quintern, J.2    Berger, W.3
  • 13
    • 0022528863 scopus 로고
    • Motor unit involvement in spastic paresis. Relationship between leg muscle activation and histochemistry
    • Dietz, V., U.-P. Ketelsen, W. Berger et al.: Motor unit involvement in spastic paresis. Relationship between leg muscle activation and histochemistry. J. Neurol. Sci. 75 (1986) 89-103
    • (1986) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.75 , pp. 89-103
    • Dietz, V.1    Ketelsen, U.-P.2    Berger, W.3
  • 14
    • 0025786749 scopus 로고
    • Reflex activity and muscle tone during elbow movements in patients with spastic paresis
    • Dietz, V., M. Trippel, W. Berger: Reflex activity and muscle tone during elbow movements in patients with spastic paresis. Ann. Neurol. 30 (1991) 767-779
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 767-779
    • Dietz, V.1    Trippel, M.2    Berger, W.3
  • 15
    • 0000776306 scopus 로고
    • Disturbances of voluntary arm movement in human spasticity: The relative importance of paresis and muscle hypertonia
    • Thilmann, A. F., D. J. Burke, W. Z. Rymer (eds.): Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg
    • Fellows, S. J., C. Kaus, H. F. Ross et al.: Disturbances of voluntary arm movement in human spasticity: The relative importance of paresis and muscle hypertonia. In: Thilmann, A. F., D. J. Burke, W. Z. Rymer (eds.): Spasticity: Mechanisms and Management. Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg (1993) 139-149
    • (1993) Spasticity: Mechanisms and Management , pp. 139-149
    • Fellows, S.J.1    Kaus, C.2    Ross, H.F.3
  • 16
    • 0027208190 scopus 로고
    • The limitations of the tendon jerk as a marker of pathological stretch reflex activity in human spasticity
    • Fellows, S. J., H. F. Ross, A. F. Thilmann: The limitations of the tendon jerk as a marker of pathological stretch reflex activity in human spasticity. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry (1993) 531-537
    • (1993) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , pp. 531-537
    • Fellows, S.J.1    Ross, H.F.2    Thilmann, A.F.3
  • 17
    • 0028220950 scopus 로고
    • Agonist and antagonist EMG activation during isometric torque development at the elbow in spastic hemiparesis
    • Fellows, S. J., C. Kaus, H. F. Ross et al.: Agonist and antagonist EMG activation during isometric torque development at the elbow in spastic hemiparesis. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 93 (1994) 106-112
    • (1994) Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 106-112
    • Fellows, S.J.1    Kaus, C.2    Ross, H.F.3
  • 18
    • 0027983657 scopus 로고
    • Voluntary movement at the elbow in spastic hemiparesis
    • Fellows, S. J., C. Kaus, A. F. Thilmann: Voluntary movement at the elbow in spastic hemiparesis. Ann. Neurol. 36 (1994) 397-407
    • (1994) Ann. Neurol , vol.36 , pp. 397-407
    • Fellows, S.J.1    Kaus, C.2    Thilmann, A.F.3
  • 19
    • 0027501396 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged muscular flaccidity: Frequency and association with unilateral spatial neglect after stroke
    • Formisano, R., P. Barbanti, T. Catarci et al.: Prolonged muscular flaccidity: frequency and association with unilateral spatial neglect after stroke. Acta Neurol. Scand. 88 (1993) 313-315
    • (1993) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.88 , pp. 313-315
    • Formisano, R.1    Barbanti, P.2    Catarci, T.3
  • 20
    • 0000651371 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of motor behavior after cortical lesions in humans
    • Brooks, V. (ed.): American Physiological Society. Bethesda
    • Freund, H. J.: Abnormalities of motor behavior after cortical lesions in humans. In: Brooks, V. (ed.): Handbook of Physiology: The Nervous System. V. American Physiological Society. Bethesda (1987) 763-810
    • (1987) Handbook of Physiology: The Nervous System. V , pp. 763-810
    • Freund, H.J.1
  • 21
    • 0025877672 scopus 로고
    • Motor responses after transcranial electrical stimulation of cerebral hemispheres with a degenerated pyramidal tract
    • Fries, W., A. Danek, T. N. Witt: Motor responses after transcranial electrical stimulation of cerebral hemispheres with a degenerated pyramidal tract. Ann. Neurol. 29 (1991) 646-650
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 646-650
    • Fries, W.1    Danek, A.2    Witt, T.N.3
  • 22
    • 0027453112 scopus 로고
    • Motor recovery following capsular stroke
    • Fries, W., A. Danek, K. Scheidtmann et al.: Motor recovery following capsular stroke. Brain 116 (1993) 369-382
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 369-382
    • Fries, W.1    Danek, A.2    Scheidtmann, K.3
  • 23
    • 0028076768 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral network underlying unilateral motor neglect: Evidence from positron emission tomography
    • von Giesen, H. J., G. Schlaug, H. Steinmetz et al.: Cerebral network underlying unilateral motor neglect: evidence from positron emission tomography. J. Neurol. Sci. 125 (1994) 29-38
    • (1994) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.125 , pp. 29-38
    • Von Giesen, H.J.1    Schlaug, G.2    Steinmetz, H.3
  • 25
    • 0006425576 scopus 로고
    • The gamma (γ) loop in the mediation of muscle tone
    • Granit, R.: The gamma (γ) loop in the mediation of muscle tone. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 5 (1964) 837-847
    • (1964) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther , vol.5 , pp. 837-847
    • Granit, R.1
  • 26
    • 0015715394 scopus 로고
    • Muscle spindle responses to stretch in normal and spastic subjects
    • Hagbarth, K. E., G. Wallin, L. Löfstedt: Muscle spindle responses to stretch in normal and spastic subjects. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 5 (1973) 156-159
    • (1973) Scand. J. Rehabil. Med , vol.5 , pp. 156-159
    • Hagbarth, K.E.1    Wallin, G.2    Löfstedt, L.3
  • 27
  • 29
    • 0024600081 scopus 로고
    • Impairment and recovery of ipsilateral sensory-motor function following unilateral cerebral infarction
    • Jones, R. D., J. M. Donaldson, P. J. Parkin: Impairment and recovery of ipsilateral sensory-motor function following unilateral cerebral infarction. Brain 112 (1989) 113-132
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 113-132
    • Jones, R.D.1    Donaldson, J.M.2    Parkin, P.J.3
  • 30
    • 0014073187 scopus 로고
    • Contractures of single slow muscle fibres of Xenopus laevis elicited by potassium, acetylcholine or choline
    • Lännergren, J.: Contractures of single slow muscle fibres of Xenopus laevis elicited by potassium, acetylcholine or choline. Acta Physiol. Scand. 69 (1967) 362-372
    • (1967) Acta Physiol. Scand , vol.69 , pp. 362-372
    • Lännergren, J.1
  • 31
    • 0002966807 scopus 로고
    • Symposium synopsis
    • Feldman, RG., R. R. Young, W. P. Koella (eds.): Chicago, Medical Yearbook
    • Lance, J. W.: Symposium synopsis. In: Feldman, RG., R. R. Young, W. P. Koella (eds.): Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control. Chicago, Medical Yearbook (1980) 485-494
    • (1980) Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control , pp. 485-494
    • Lance, J.W.1
  • 32
    • 0016174398 scopus 로고
    • Spasticity: The fable of a neurological demon and the emperor's new therapy
    • Landau, W. M.: Spasticity: the fable of a neurological demon and the emperor's new therapy. Arch. Neurol. 31 (1974) 217-219
    • (1974) Arch. Neurol , vol.31 , pp. 217-219
    • Landau, W.M.1
  • 33
    • 0025091693 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in group la projections to motoneurons following spinal lesions in humans
    • Mailis, A., P. Ashby: Alterations in group la projections to motoneurons following spinal lesions in humans. J. Neurophysiol. 2 (1990) 637-646
    • (1990) J. Neurophysiol , vol.2 , pp. 637-646
    • Mailis, A.1    Ashby, P.2
  • 35
  • 37
    • 0019498853 scopus 로고
    • Organization of corticospinal neurons in the monkey
    • Murray, E. A., J. D. Coulter: Organization of corticospinal neurons in the monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 195 (1981) 339-365
    • (1981) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.195 , pp. 339-365
    • Murray, E.A.1    Coulter, J.D.2
  • 38
    • 0028817762 scopus 로고
    • Structural changes of anterior horn neurons and their synaptic input caudal to a low thoracic spinal cord hemisection in the adult rat: A light and electron microscopic study
    • Nacimiento, W., T. Sappok, G. A. Brook et al.: Structural changes of anterior horn neurons and their synaptic input caudal to a low thoracic spinal cord hemisection in the adult rat: a light and electron microscopic study. Acta Neuropathol. 90 (1995) 552-564
    • (1995) Acta Neuropathol , vol.90 , pp. 552-564
    • Nacimiento, W.1    Sappok, T.2    Brook, G.A.3
  • 39
    • 0025854182 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of spasticity
    • Noth, J.: Trends in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of spasticity. J. Neurol. 238 (1991) 131-139
    • (1991) J. Neurol , vol.238 , pp. 131-139
    • Noth, J.1
  • 40
    • 0028826546 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged muscular flaccidity after stroke. Morphological and functional brain alterations
    • Pantano, P., R. Formisano, M. Ricci et al.: Prolonged muscular flaccidity after stroke. Morphological and functional brain alterations. Brain 118 (1995) 1329-1338
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 1329-1338
    • Pantano, P.1    Formisano, R.2    Ricci, M.3
  • 41
    • 0023882205 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative relations between hypertonia and stretch reflex threshold in spastic hemiparesis
    • Powers, R. K., J. Marder-Meyer, W. Z. Rymer: Quantitative relations between hypertonia and stretch reflex threshold in spastic hemiparesis. Ann. Neurol. 23 (1988) 115-124
    • (1988) Ann. Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 115-124
    • Powers, R.K.1    Marder-Meyer, J.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 42
    • 0024581820 scopus 로고
    • Stretch reflex dynamics in spastic elbow flexor muscles
    • Powers, R. K., D. L. Campbell, W. Z. Rymer: Stretch reflex dynamics in spastic elbow flexor muscles. Ann. Neurol. 25 (1989) 32 -42
    • (1989) Ann. Neurol , vol.25 , pp. 32-42
    • Powers, R.K.1    Campbell, D.L.2    Rymer, W.Z.3
  • 43
    • 12244302506 scopus 로고
    • Remote depressions of cerebral metabolism in hemiparetic stroke: Topography and relation to motor and somatosensory functions
    • Seitz, R.J., G. Schlaug, A. Kleinschmidt et al.: Remote depressions of cerebral metabolism in hemiparetic stroke: Topography and relation to motor and somatosensory functions. Human Brain Map. 81 (1994) 81-100
    • (1994) Human Brain Map , vol.81 , pp. 81-100
    • Seitz, R.J.1    Schlaug, G.2    Kleinschmidt, A.3
  • 44
    • 84944484761 scopus 로고
    • Decerebrate rigidity, and reflex coordination of movements
    • Lond
    • Sherrington, C. S.: Decerebrate rigidity, and reflex coordination of movements. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 22 (1898) 319-332
    • (1898) J. Physiol , vol.22 , pp. 319-332
    • Sherrington, C.S.1
  • 45
    • 0024209028 scopus 로고
    • Thalamic, brainstem and cerebellar glucose metabolism in the hémiplégic monkey
    • Shimoyama, I., G. W. Dauth, S. Gilman et al.: Thalamic, brainstem and cerebellar glucose metabolism in the hémiplégic monkey. Ann. Neurol. 24 (1988) 718-726
    • (1988) Ann. Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 718-726
    • Shimoyama, I.1    Dauth, G.W.2    Gilman, S.3
  • 46
    • 0019506633 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal force-EMG relations in paretic limbs of hemiparetic human subjects
    • Tang, A., W. Z. Rymer: Abnormal force-EMG relations in paretic limbs of hemiparetic human subjects. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 8 (1981) 690-698
    • (1981) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.8 , pp. 690-698
    • Tang, A.1    Rymer, W.Z.2
  • 47
    • 0025269403 scopus 로고
    • Pathological stretch reflexes on the "good" side of hemiparetic patients
    • Thilmann, A. F., S. J. Fellows, E. Garms: Pathological stretch reflexes on the "good" side of hemiparetic patients. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 53 (1990) 208-214
    • (1990) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 208-214
    • Thilmann, A.F.1    Fellows, S.J.2    Garms, E.3
  • 48
    • 0025820465 scopus 로고
    • The time-course of bilateral changes in the reflex excitability of relaxed triceps surae muscle in human hemiparetic spasticity
    • Thilmann, A. F., S. J. Fellows: The time-course of bilateral changes in the reflex excitability of relaxed triceps surae muscle in human hemiparetic spasticity. J. Neurol. 238 (1991) 293-298
    • (1991) J. Neurol , vol.238 , pp. 293-298
    • Thilmann, A.F.1    Fellows, S.J.2
  • 49
    • 0026071984 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of spastic muscle hypertonus
    • Thilmann, A. F., S. J. Fellows, E. Garms: The mechanism of spastic muscle hypertonus. Brain 114 (1991) 233-244
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 233-244
    • Thilmann, A.F.1    Fellows, S.J.2    Garms, E.3
  • 51
    • 84865935647 scopus 로고
    • Biomechanische Veränderungen der Unterschenkelmuskulatur nach cerebralen Insulten
    • Mauritz, K.-H., Hömberg, V. (Hrsg.): Huber Verlag, Bern
    • Thilmann, A. F., S. J. Fellows, H. F. Ross: Biomechanische Veränderungen der Unterschenkelmuskulatur nach cerebralen Insulten. In: Mauritz, K.-H., Hömberg, V. (Hrsg.): Neurologische Rehabilitation. Huber Verlag, Bern (1992) 49-53
    • (1992) Neurologische Rehabilitation , pp. 49-53
    • Thilmann, A.F.1    Fellows, S.J.2    Ross, H.F.3
  • 53
    • 0000538225 scopus 로고
    • The restoration of motor function following hemiplegia in man
    • Twitchell, T. E.: The restoration of motor function following hemiplegia in man. Brain 74 (1951) 443-480
    • (1951) Brain , vol.74 , pp. 443-480
    • Twitchell, T.E.1
  • 54
    • 0000240524 scopus 로고
    • Recovery from motor stroke: Human positron emission tomography studies
    • Weiller, C.: Recovery from motor stroke: Human positron emission tomography studies. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 5 (1995) 282-291
    • (1995) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.5 , pp. 282-291
    • Weiller, C.1
  • 55
    • 0040066977 scopus 로고
    • Organization of secondary motor areas of cerebral cortex
    • Brooks, V.B. (ed.): Physiol, Soc., Bethesda
    • Wiesendanger, M.: Organization of secondary motor areas of cerebral cortex. In: Brooks, V.B. (ed.): Handbook of Physiology. Vol. II., Part I. Physiol, Soc., Bethesda (1981) 1121-1147
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology , vol.2 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 1121-1147
    • Wiesendanger, M.1
  • 56
    • 0028534897 scopus 로고
    • Spasticity: A review
    • Young, R. R.: Spasticity: A review. Neurology 44 (1994) 12-20
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 12-20
    • Young, R.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.