Bax Protein Expression Is Increased in Alzheimer's Brain: Correlations with DNA Damage, Bcl-2 Expression, and Brain Pathology

Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 86-93

  Su, Joseph H ^a   Deng, Gangmin ^a   Cotman, Carl W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Bax; Bcl 2; Cell death; DNA fragmentation; Neuropathology

Indexed keywords

BAX PROTEIN, HUMAN; DNA FRAGMENT; DNA NUCLEOTIDYLEXOTRANSFERASE; NERVE PROTEIN; ONCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN BCL 2;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BRAIN; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MICROGLIA; MIDDLE AGED; NERVE CELL; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; PATHOLOGY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; APOPTOSIS; BCL-2-ASSOCIATED X PROTEIN; BRAIN; DNA FRAGMENTATION; DNA NUCLEOTIDYLEXOTRANSFERASE; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMANS; MICROGLIA; MIDDLE AGED; NERVE TISSUE PROTEINS; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEURONS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2;

EID: 0030638139     PISSN: 00223069     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199701000-00009     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Terry R, Peck A, Detheresa R, Schechter R, Horoupian DS. Some morphometric aspects of the brain in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Ann Neurol 1981;10:184-92
2. Coleman PD, Flood DG. Neuron numbers and dendritic extent in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 1987;8:521-45
3. Mann DM, Yates PO, Marcyniuk B. Correlation between senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle counts in cerebral cortex and neuronal counts in cortex and subcortical structures in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 1985;56:51-55
4. Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Saason SA. Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol 1992;119:493-501
5. Gold R, Schmied M, Rothe G, et al. Detection of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis: Application of in situ nick translation to cell culture systems and tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem 1993;41:1023-30
6. Wijsman JH, Jonker RR, Keijzer R, van de Velde CJH, Cornelisse CJ, van Dierendonck JH. A new method to detect apoptosis in paraffin sections: In situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA. J Histochem Cytochem 1993;41:7-12
7. Su JH, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ, Cotman CW. Immunohistochemical evidence for apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease. NeuroReport 1994;5:2529-33
8. Anderson AJ, Su JH, Cotman CW. DNA damage and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease: Colocalization with c-Jun immunoreactivity, relationship to brain area, and effect of postmortem delay. J Neurosci 1996;16:1710-19
9. Reed JC. Bcl-2 and the regulation of programmed cell death. J Cell Biol 1994;124:1-6
10. Vaux DL, Aguila HL, Weissman IL. Bcl-2 prevents death of factor-deprived cells but fails to prevent apoptosis in targets of cell mediated killing. Int Immunol 1992;4:821-24
11. Hockenbery DM, Zutter M, Hickey W, Nahm M, Korsmeyer SJ. Bcl-2 is topographically restricted in tissues charaterized by apoptotic cell death. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1991;88:6961-65
12. Kane DJ, Sarafian TA, Anton R, et al. Bcl-2 inhibition of neural death: Decreased generation of reactive oxygen species. Science 1993;262:1274-77
13. Kane DJ, Ord R, Bredesen DE. Expression of bcl-2 inhibits necrotic neural cell death. J Neurosci Res 1995;40:269-75
14. Merry DE, Veis DJ, Hickey WF, Korsmeyer SJ. Bcl-2 protein expression is widespread in the developing nervous system and retained in the adult PNS. Development 1994;120:301-11
15. Su JH, Satou T, Anderson AJ, Cotman CW. Upregulation of Bcl-2 is associated with neuronal DNA damage in Alzheimer's disease. NeuroReport 1996;7:437-40
16. Oltvai ZN, Milliman CL, Korsmeyer SJ. Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, bax, that accelerates programed cell death. Cell 1993;74:609-19
17. Krajewski S, Krajewski M, Shabaik A, Miyashita T, Wang HG, Reed JC. Immunohistochemical determination of in vivo distribution of Bax, a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2. Am J Pathol 1994;145: 1323-36
18. Mirra SS, Heyman A, McKeel D, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1991;41:479-86
19. Su JH, Cummings BJ, Cotman CW. Subpopulations of dystrophic neuntes in Alzheimer's brain with distinct immunocytochemical and argentophilic characteristics. Brain Res 1994;637:37-44
20. Krajewski S, Blomqvist C, Franssila K, et al. Reduced expression of proapoptotic gene bax is associated with poor response rates to combination chemotherapy and shorter survival in women with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1995;55:4471-78
21. Satou T, Cummings BJ, Cotman CW. Immunoreactivity for Bcl-2 protein within neurons in the Alzheimer's disease brain increases with disease severity. Brain Res 1995;697:35-43
22. 396 in Alzheimer's disease recapitulates development and contributes to reduced microtubule binding. Neuron 1993;10:1089-99
23. Braak E, Braak H, Mandelkow E-M. A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Acta Neuropathol 1994;87:554-67
24. Su JH, Cummings BJ, Cotman CW. Early phosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease occurs at Ser-202 and is preferentially located within neuntes. NeuroReport 1994;5:2358-62
25. Greenberg SG, Davies P, Schein JD, Binder LI. Hydrofluoric acid-treated tau PHF proteins display the same biochemical properties as normal tau. J Biol Chem 1992;267:564-69
26. Biernat J, Mandelkow E-M, Schroter C, et al. The switch of tau protein to an Alzheimer-like state includes the phosphorylation of two serine-proline motif upstream of the microtubule binding region. EMBO J 1992;11:1593-97
27. long messenger ribonucleic acid levels. Endocrinology 1995;136:232-41
28. Krajewski S, Mai JK, Krajewska M, Sikorska M, Mossakowski MJ, Reed JC. Upregulation of bax protein levels in neurons following cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci 1995;15:6364-76
29. Kiefer MC, Brauer MJ, Powers VC, et al. Modulation of apoptosis by the widely distributed Bcl-2 homologue Bak. Nature 1995;374: 736-39
30. Chittenden T, Harrington EA, Oconnor A, et al. Induction of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 homologue Bak. Nature 1995;374:733-36
31. Yang E, Zha Jp, Jockel J, et al. Bad, A heterodimeric partner for Bcl-X(L) And Bcl-2, displaces Bax and promotes cell death. Cell 1995;80:285-91
32. Dessi F, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Khrestchatisky M, Ben-Ari Y. Glutamate-induced neuronal death is not a programmed cell death in cerebellar culture. J Neurochem 1993;60:1953-55
33. Braak H, Braak E. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 1991;82:239-59
34. Nieto-Sampedro M, Mora F. Active microglia, sick astroglia and Alzheimer type dementias. NeuroReport 1994;5:375-80
35. Korotzer AR, Pike CJ, Cotman CW. Beta-amyloid peptides induce degeneration of cultured rat microglia. Brain Res 1993;624:121-25
36. McGeer PL, Kawamata T, Walker DG, Akiyama H, Tooyama I, McGeer EG. Microglia in degenerative neurological disease. Glia 1993;7:84-92