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Volumn 41, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 59-69

Holy Springs and Protestantism in early modern Denmark: A Medical Rationale for a Religious Practice

(1)  Johansen, Jens Chr V a  

a NONE   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MINERAL WATER;

EID: 0030637496     PISSN: 00257273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300062037     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (76)
  • 3
    • 85033151003 scopus 로고
    • København, Det Schønbergske Forlag
    • The research on Danish holy springs hardly deals with the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; see August F Schmidt, Danmarks Helligkilder, København, Det Schønbergske Forlag, 1926.
    • (1926) Danmarks Helligkilder
    • Schmidt, A.F.1
  • 7
    • 0345744671 scopus 로고
    • Om Valfarterne til Kippinge før og efter Reformationen
    • H F Rørdam, 'Om Valfarterne til Kippinge før og efter Reformationen', Kirkehistoriske Samlinger, 1893, 4 (3): 433-86, p. 438.
    • (1893) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 433-486
    • Rørdam, H.F.1
  • 9
    • 85033154608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • quoted the unpublished pamphlet 'Noli peccare' by Rasmus Pedersen in his The Royal Library (Copenhagen), Thottske Samling
    • The minister Hans Mule quoted the unpublished pamphlet 'Noli peccare' by Rasmus Pedersen in his 'Qvid in hoc usque tempus observaverim de Kippinge templo'. The Royal Library (Copenhagen), Thottske Samling nr. 1434 og 1435.
    • Qvid in Hoc Usque Tempus Observaverim de Kippinge Templo , vol.1434-1435
    • Mule, H.1
  • 10
    • 0345744671 scopus 로고
    • Om Valfarterne til Kippinge før og efter Reformationen
    • The Royal Library (Copenhagen), Thottske Samling note 7 above
    • Rørdam, op. cit. note 7 above, pp. 456-7.
    • (1893) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 456-457
    • Rørdam1
  • 11
    • 85033150641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Rigsarkivet (National Archive, Copenhagen, hereafter RA), Håndskriftsamlingen I. Langebeks Samling II, Topografiske Samlinger: Niels Pedersen Saxtrup, 'Underviisning om Sathans bedraegeri med de Siugis Helbredelse ved Kippinge Kircke i Falster', where he wrote, "even if the devil often haunts such springs and fountains just as he does the church of Kippinge" [thi om end skjønt djefwelen tit oc ofte lige saa wel spøger wed saadanne kilder oc vandspring som wed Kippinge kirke].
  • 12
    • 85033141603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissertatio de Sanatione Extraordinaria, qvæ fit in Templo Kippingensi apud Falsteros, ex verbo Dei instituta
    • Olai Andr. Smidt, 'Dissertatio de Sanatione Extraordinaria, qvæ fit in Templo Kippingensi apud Falsteros, ex verbo Dei instituta', and Mule, op. cit., note 9 above.
    • Smidt, O.Andr.1
  • 15
    • 85033152135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The Royal Library, Thottske Samling nr. 730: "Kgl. anbefalet Kommissionsakt angaaende Tiendemes og Gejstlighedens Indkomsters Forandring 1687 i Laaland og Falster". Letter written by Bishop Thomas Kingo, dated 12 September 1687.
  • 19
    • 85033143078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The Provincial Archive of Zealand, Town Clerk of Elsinore's Archive, Stadsbog 1561-65, 20 July 1565.
  • 20
    • 0346375826 scopus 로고
    • Om Oprindelsen til Kappel Sogn paa Laaland
    • H F Rørdam, 'Om Oprindelsen til Kappel Sogn paa Laaland', Kirkehistoriske Samlinger, 1887-89, 3(6): 460-78, pp. 466-7.
    • (1887) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 460-478
    • Rørdam, H.F.1
  • 21
    • 0345744711 scopus 로고
    • Af Provst, Mag. Peder Langes Optegnelsesbog
    • L Daae, 'Af Provst, Mag. Peder Langes Optegnelsesbog', Kirkehistoriske Samlinger, 1893, 4(3): 618-30, pp. 628-9.
    • (1893) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 618-630
    • Daae, L.1
  • 23
    • 85033142913 scopus 로고
    • ed. Frank Jørgensen, 2 vols, København, Landbohistorisk selskab, for the Regisse Spring
    • See Prœsteindberetninger til Ole Worm, ed. Frank Jørgensen, 2 vols, København, Landbohistorisk selskab, 1970-1974, vol. 2, p. 146 for the Regisse Spring.
    • (1970) Prœsteindberetninger til Ole Worm , vol.2 , pp. 146
  • 25
    • 0347636429 scopus 로고
    • Studier til Dronning Margrethes Historie
    • Kristian Erslev, 'Studier til Dronning Margrethes Historie', (Dansk) Historisk Tidsskrift, 1881-82, 5(3): 333-425, p. 398.
    • (1881) (Dansk) Historisk Tidsskrift , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 333-425
    • Erslev, K.1
  • 26
    • 0345744711 scopus 로고
    • Af Provst, Mag. Peder Langes Optegnelsesbog
    • note 20 above
    • Daae, op. cit., note 20 above.
    • (1893) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 618-630
    • Daae1
  • 27
    • 0347636428 scopus 로고
    • "Fire stolper holder et skidehus". Tidens forestillingsverden
    • Svend Elleh"j (ed.), København, Nyt Nordisk Forlag
    • "Quin et hoc uterque aget, ut, qvi ad fontem confluunt valetudinarii, valetudinem et vitam à solo Deo in nomine Jesu unicè petant, quavis quorumvis sanctorum invocatione, tanquam qvæ Deo extremè causa sit, serìo improbata", in The Royal Library, Kallske Samling nr. 489: 'Siellandske Synodalia fra 1540 til 1639'; see also Alex Wittendorff, '"Fire stolper holder et skidehus". Tidens forestillingsverden', in Svend Elleh"j (ed.), Christian IVs verden, København, Nyt Nordisk Forlag, 1988, p. 223.
    • (1988) Christian IVs Verden , pp. 223
    • Wittendorff, A.1
  • 30
    • 85033151003 scopus 로고
    • note 3 above
    • Schmidt, op. cit., note 3 above, p. 72. Eye problems seem to have been cured by the greatest number of wells, see Janet and Colin Bord, Sacred waters. Holy wells and water lore in Britain and Ireland, London, Granada, 1985, p. 35.
    • (1926) Danmarks Helligkilder , pp. 72
    • Schmidt1
  • 32
    • 0345744711 scopus 로고
    • Af Provst, Mag. Peder Langes Optegnelsesbog
    • note 20 above
    • Daae, op. cit., note 20 above, p. 627.
    • (1893) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 627
    • Daae1
  • 33
    • 85033145680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • These were Christian Fabricius, doctor of law and medicine; Jacob Fabricius, physician to the court; Thomas Fincke, professor of medicine; Niels Foss, doctor of medicine and physician in Lund and Copenhagen; Simon Pauli, professor of anatomy and botany; Otto Sperling, botanist of the Botanical Garden; and Ole Worm. Fabricius, Fincke and Foss were probably symphathetically inclined towards a moderate form of Paracelsianism; Pauli and Sperling do not seem to have been specially interested in the debate.
  • 34
    • 85033147637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • RA, Danske Kancelli, Sjællandske Tegnelser, no. 28, fol 362b.
  • 37
    • 0018408360 scopus 로고
    • "Cures without care": "Chymical physicians" and mineral waters in seventeenth-century English medicine
    • Noel G Coley, '"Cures without care": "Chymical physicians" and mineral waters in seventeenth-century English medicine', Med. Hist., 1979, 23: 191-214, and idem, 'Physicians, chemists, and the analysis of mineral waters: "The most difficult part of chemistry"', in Roy Porter (ed.), The medical history of waters and spas, Medical History Supplement, No. 10, London, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1990.
    • (1979) Med. Hist. , vol.23 , pp. 191-214
    • Coley, N.G.1
  • 38
    • 0025618051 scopus 로고
    • Physicians, chemists, and the analysis of mineral waters: "the most difficult part of chemistry"
    • Roy Porter (ed.), London, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine
    • Noel G Coley, '"Cures without care": "Chymical physicians" and mineral waters in seventeenth-century English medicine', Med. Hist., 1979, 23: 191-214, and idem, 'Physicians, chemists, and the analysis of mineral waters: "The most difficult part of chemistry"', in Roy Porter (ed.), The medical history of waters and spas, Medical History Supplement, No. 10, London, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1990.
    • (1990) The Medical History of Waters and Spas, Medical History Supplement , vol.10
    • Coley, N.G.1
  • 40
    • 85033154503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • RA, Danske Kancelli, Sjællandske Tegnelser, no. 28, fol. 405.
  • 41
    • 0347636428 scopus 로고
    • "Fire stolper holder et skidehus". Tidens forestillingsverden
    • note 26 above
    • Wittendorff, op. cit., note 26 above, p. 222.
    • (1988) Christian IVs Verden , pp. 222
    • Wittendorff1
  • 46
    • 85033137585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., pp. 54-5. For the same practice in England, see Bord, op. cit., note 29 above, p. 71.
    • Danmarks Helligkilder , pp. 54-55
  • 49
    • 85033141811 scopus 로고
    • En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650
    • See Bengt Arvidsson, 'En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650', Kirkehistoriske Samlinger, 1991: 89-116.
    • (1991) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , pp. 89-116
    • Arvidsson, B.1
  • 53
    • 85033132022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Hexaemeron rhythmico-danicum was written around 1630, but not published until 1661, after Arrebo's death.
  • 54
    • 85033141811 scopus 로고
    • En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650
    • note 45 above
    • Arvidsson, op. cit., note 45 above, pp. 96-7.
    • (1991) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , pp. 96-97
    • Arvidsson1
  • 55
    • 0029205646 scopus 로고
    • The reception of Paracelsianism in early modern Lutheran Denmark: From Peter Severinus, the Dane, to Ole Worm
    • On Paracelsianism in Denmark see Ole P Grell, 'The reception of Paracelsianism in early modern Lutheran Denmark: from Peter Severinus, the Dane, to Ole Worm', Med. Hist., 1995, 39: 78-94, and idem, 'Caspar Bartholin and the education of the pious physician', in Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham (eds), Medicine and the reformation, London, Routledge, 1993, p. 88.
    • (1995) Med. Hist. , vol.39 , pp. 78-94
    • Grell, O.P.1
  • 56
    • 0029205646 scopus 로고
    • Caspar Bartholin and the education of the pious physician
    • Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham (eds), London, Routledge
    • On Paracelsianism in Denmark see Ole P Grell, 'The reception of Paracelsianism in early modern Lutheran Denmark: from Peter Severinus, the Dane, to Ole Worm', Med. Hist., 1995, 39: 78-94, and idem, 'Caspar Bartholin and the education of the pious physician', in Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham (eds), Medicine and the reformation, London, Routledge, 1993, p. 88.
    • (1993) Medicine and the Reformation , pp. 88
    • Grell, O.P.1
  • 57
    • 85033130064 scopus 로고
    • Caspar Bartholin
    • London, Routledge, note 51 above
    • Grell, 'Caspar Bartholin', op. cit., note 51 above, p. 87, and Arvidsson, op. cit., note 45 above, p. 98.
    • (1993) Medicine and the Reformation , pp. 87
    • Grell1
  • 58
    • 85033141811 scopus 로고
    • En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650
    • London, Routledge, note 45 above
    • Grell, 'Caspar Bartholin', op. cit., note 51 above, p. 87, and Arvidsson, op. cit., note 45 above, p. 98.
    • (1991) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , pp. 98
    • Arvidsson1
  • 60
    • 85033148059 scopus 로고
    • København
    • Compare Hansen, op. cit., note 47 above, p. 30, and Johann Arndt, Liber naturœ eller Naturspeyel, København, 1618, p. 64; Hansen, pp. 30-1, and Arndt, p. 65; and Hansen, pp. 33-4, and Arndt, p. 66.
    • (1618) Liber Naturœ Eller Naturspeyel , pp. 64
    • Arndt, J.1
  • 61
    • 85033152323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansen, pp. 30-1, and Arndt, p. 65; and Hansen, pp. 33-4, and Arndt, p. 66
    • Compare Hansen, op. cit., note 47 above, p. 30, and Johann Arndt, Liber naturœ eller Naturspeyel, København, 1618, p. 64; Hansen, pp. 30-1, and Arndt, p. 65; and Hansen, pp. 33-4, and Arndt, p. 66.
  • 62
    • 85033130064 scopus 로고
    • The reception of Paracelsianism
    • note 52 above
    • See Grell, 'The reception of Paracelsianism', op. cit., note 52 above, p. 87, and Arvidsson, op. cit., note 45 above, p. 100.
    • (1993) Medicine and the Reformation , pp. 87
    • Grell1
  • 63
    • 85033141811 scopus 로고
    • En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650
    • note 45 above
    • See Grell, 'The reception of Paracelsianism', op. cit., note 52 above, p. 87, and Arvidsson, op. cit., note 45 above, p. 100.
    • (1991) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , pp. 100
    • Arvidsson1
  • 64
    • 85033141811 scopus 로고
    • En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650
    • note 45 above
    • Arvidsson, op. cit., note 45 above, p. 101.
    • (1991) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , pp. 101
    • Arvidsson1
  • 65
    • 85033141811 scopus 로고
    • En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650
    • Ibid.
    • (1991) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , pp. 101
    • Arvidsson1
  • 66
    • 85033135026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • These dissertations have not previously been connected to the question of holy springs in Denmark.
  • 69
    • 85033154063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In his Schediasma (op. cit., note 15 above) Fochardus With especially mentions the effects of the minerals in the healing springs, "cujus aqvæ qvavis æstate non inutiliter à multis hauriuntur, licet propter exiguitatem virtutum mineralium, minorem vim habeat" (p. 4)
    • In his Schediasma (op. cit., note 15 above) Fochardus With especially mentions the effects of the minerals in the healing springs, "cujus aqvæ qvavis æstate non inutiliter à multis hauriuntur, licet propter exiguitatem virtutum mineralium, minorem vim habeat" (p. 4).
  • 70
    • 85033141811 scopus 로고
    • En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650
    • note 45 above
    • Arvidsson, op. cit., note 45 above, pp. 101-2.
    • (1991) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , pp. 101-102
    • Arvidsson1
  • 73
    • 85033141811 scopus 로고
    • En helig källas teologi före och efter reformationen. Helene Kilde i Tisvilde och Erich Hansens "Fontinalia Sacra" 1650
    • note 45 above
    • Arvidsson, op. cit, note 45 above, p. 103.
    • (1991) Kirkehistoriske Samlinger , pp. 103
    • Arvidsson1


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