Pathways of p53-Dependent Apoptosis

Vitamins and Hormones

Volumn 53, Issue C, 1997, Pages 139-173

  Grasso, Luigi ^a   Mercer, W Edward ^a  

^a THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GROWTH PROMOTOR; ONCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN P53;

ANIMAL; APOPTOSIS; CELL CYCLE; HUMAN; ONCOGENE; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; BCL-2-ASSOCIATED X PROTEIN; CELL CYCLE; CYTOKINES; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; HUMANS; ONCOGENES; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53;

EID: 0030632192     PISSN: 00836729     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0083-6729(08)60706-2     Document Type: Article

References (210)

1. Adams J.M., and Cory S. Transgenic models of tumor development. Science 254 (1991) 1161-1167
2. Agoff S.N., Hou J., Linzer D.I.H., and Wu B. Regulation of human hsp70 promoter by p53. Science 259 (1992) 84-87
3. Amati B., Littlewood T.D., Evan G.I., and Land H. The c-myc protein induces cell cycle progression and apoptosis through dimerization with Max. EMBO J. 12 (1993) 5083-5087
4. Amin C., Wagner A.J., and Hay N. Sequence-specific transcriptional activation by myc and repression by Max. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 383-390
5. Anderson M.E., and Tegtmeyer P. Gaint leap for p53, small step for drug design. BioEssays 17 (1995) 3-7
6. Askew D.S., Ashmun R.A., Simmons B.C., and Cleveland J.L. Constitutive c-myc expression in an IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis. Oncogene 6 (1991) 1915-1922
7. Baker S.J., Markowitz S., Fearon E.R., Wilson J.K., and Vogelstein B. Suppression of human colorectal carcinoma cell growth by wild-type p53. Science 249 (1990) 912-915
8. Baserga R. "The Biology of Cell Reproduction" (1985), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
9. Baserga R. The insulin-like growth factor I receptor: A key to tumor growth. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 259 252
10. Bishop J.M. Molecular themes in oncogenesis. Cell 64 (1991) 235-248
11. Blandino G., Scardigli R., Rizzo M.G., Crescenzi M., Soddu S., and Sacchi A. Wild-type p53 modulates apoptosis of normal, IL-3 deprived, hematopoietic cells. Oncogen 10 (1995) 731-737
12. Boise L., Gonzalez-Garcia M., Postema C.E., Ding L., Lindsten T., Turka L.A., Mao X., Nunez G., and Thompson C.B. Bcl-x, a bcl-2 related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death. Cell 74 (1993) 597-608
13. Borellini F., and Glazer R.I. Induction of Spl-p53 DNA-binding heterocomplexes during granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent proliferation in human erythroleukemia cell line TF-1. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 7923-7928
14. Bristow R.G., Jang A., Peacock J., Chung S., Benchimol S., and Hill R.P. Mutant p53 increases radioresistance in rat embryo fibroblasts simultaneously transfected with HPV 16-E7 and/or activated H-ras. Oncogene 9 (1994) 1527-1536
15. Caelles C., Helmberg A., and Karin M. P53-dependent apoptosis in the absence of transcription of p53-target genes. Nature (London) 370 (1994) 220-223
16. Canman C.E., Gilmer T.M., Coutts S.B., and Kastan M.B. Growth factor modulation of p53-mediated growth arrest versus apoptosis. Genes Dev. 9 (1995) 600-611
17. Chen J., and Van Dyke T. Uniform cell-autonomous tumorigenesis of the choroid plexus by papovavirus large T antigens. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (1991) 5968-5976
18. Chen J., Tobin G., Pipas J.M., and Van Dyke T.A. T antigen mutant activities in transgenic mice: Roles of p53- and pRb-binding in tumorigenesis of the choroid plexus. Oncogene 7 (1992) 1167 1165
19. Chen X., Farmer G., Zhu H., Prywers R., and Prives C. Cooperative DNA binding of p53 with TFIID (TBP): A possible mechanism for transcriptional activation. Genes Dev. 7 (1993) 1837-1849
20. Chiou S.K., Rao L., and White E. Bcl-2 blocks p53-dependent apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 2556-2563
21. Chiou S.K., Tseng C.C., Rao L., and White E. Functional complementation of the adenovirus E1B 19-kilodalton protein with Bcl-2 in inhibition of apoptosis in infected cells. J. Virol. 68 (1994) 6553-6566
22. Cho Y., Gorina S., Jeffery P.D., and Pavletich N.P. Crystal structure of a p53 tumor suppressor DNA complex: Understanding tumorigenic mutations. Science 265 (1994) 346-355
23. Clarke A.R., Purdie C.A., Harrison D.J., Morris R.G., Bird C.C., Hooper M.L., and Wyllie A.H. Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and -independent pathways. Nature (London) 362 (1993) 848-852
24. Clarke A.R., Gledhill S., Hooper M.L., Bird C.C., and Wyllie A.H. P53-dependence of early apoptotic and proliferative responses within the mouse intestinal epithelium following γ-irradiation. Oncogene 9 (1994) 1767-1773
25. Cleary M.L., Smith S.D., and Sklar J. Cloning and structural analysis of cDNAs for bcl-2 and a hybrid bcl-2/immunoglobulin transcript resulting from the t(14;18) translocation. Cell 47 (1986) 19-28
26. Cleveland J.L., Troppmair J., Packham G., Askew D.S., Loyd P., Gonzalez-Garcia M., Nunez J., Ihle N., and Papp U.R. V-raf suppresses apoptosis and promotes growth of interleukin-3-dependent myeloid cells. Oncogene 9 (1994) 2217-2226
27. Clore G.M., Omichiniski J.G., Sakaguchi K., Zambrano N., Sakamoto H., Appella E., and Gronenborn A.M. High-resolution structure of the oligomerization domain of p53 by multidimentional NMR. Science 265 (1994) 386-391
28. Cox L.S., and Lane D.P. Tumor suppressors, kinases and clamps: How p53 regulates the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. BioEssays 17 (1995) 501-508
29. Cross S.M., Sanchez C.A., Morgan C.A., Schimke M.K., Ramel S., Idzerda R.L., Raskind W.H., and Reid B.J. A p53-dependent mouse spindle checkpoint. Science 267 (1995) 1353-1356
30. Dagnino L., Zhu L., Skorecki K.L., and Moses H.L. E2F-independent transcriptional repression by p107, a member of the retinoblastoma family of proteins. Cell Growth Differ. 6 (1995) 191-198
31. Dameron K.M., Volpert O.V., Tainsky M.A., and Bouck N. Control of angiogenesis in fibroblasts by p53 regulation of thrombospondin-1. Nature (London) 265 (1994) 1584-1587
32. Debbas M., and White E. Wild-type p53 mediates apoptosis by E1A which is inhibited by E1B. Genes Dev. 7 (1993) 546-554
33. DeGregori J., Kowalik T., and Nevins J.R. Cellular targets for activation by the E2F1 transcription factor include DNA synthesis- and G1/S-regulatory genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 4215-4224
34. Deng C., Zhang P., Harper J.W., Elledge S.J., and Leder P. Mice lacking p21CIP1/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control. Cell 82 (1995) 675-684
35. Diller L., Kassel J., Nelson C.E., Gryka M.A., Litwak G., Gebhardt M., Bressac B., Ozturk M., Baker S.J., Vogelstein B., and Friend S.H. P53 functions as a cell cycle control protein in osteosarcomas. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (1990) 5772-5781
36. Donehower L.A., and Bradley A. The tumor suppressor p53. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1155 (1993) 181-205
37. Donehower L.A., Harvey M., Slagle B.L., McArthur M.J., Montgomery Jr. C.A., Butel J.S., and Bradley A. Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumors. Nature (London) 356 (1992) 215-221
38. Dulic V., Kaufman W.K., Wilson S., Tisty T.D., Lees E., Harper J.W., Elledge S.J., and Reed S.I. P53-dependent inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase activities in human fibroblasts during radiation-induced G1-arrest. Cell 76 (1994) 1013-1023
39. Dyson N., Howley P.M., Muenger K., and Harlow E. The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Science 243 (1989) 934-937
40. Dyson N., Guida P., Munger K., and Harlow E. Homologous sequences in adenovirus E1A and human papillomavirus E7 proteins mediate interaction with the same set of cellular proteins. J. Virol. 66 (1992) 6893-6902
41. Dyson N., Dembski M., Fattaey A., Ngwu C., Ewen M., and Helin K. Analysis of p107-associated proteins: p107 associates with a form of E2F that differs from pRB-associated E2F-1. J. Virol. 67 (1993) 7641-7647
42. Egan C., Jelsma T.N., Howe J.A., Bayley S.T., Ferguson B., and Branton P.E. Mapping of cellular protein-binding sites on the products of early-region 1A of human adenovirus type 5. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (1988) 3955-3959
43. El-Deiry W.S., Tokino T., Velculescu V.E., Levy D.B., Parsons R., Trent J.M., Lin D., Mercer W.E., Kinzler K.W., and Vogelstein B. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75 (1993) 817-825
44. El-Deiry W.S., Harper J.W., O'Conner P.M., Velsulescu V.E., Canman C.E., Jackman J., Pietenpol J.A., Burrell M., Hill D.E., Wang A.Y., Wiman K.G., Mercer W.E., Kastan M.B., Kohn K.W., Elledge S.J., Kinzler K.W., and Vogelstein B. WAF1/CIP1 is induced in p53-mediated G1 arrest and apoptosis. Cancer Res. 54 (1994) 1169-1174
45. Evan G.I., Wyllie A.H., Gilbert C.S., Littlewood T.D., Land H., Brooks M., Waters C.M., Penn L.Z., and Hancock D.C. Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell 69 (1992) 119-128
46. Evans C.A., Owen-Lynch P.J., Whetton A.D., and Dive C. Activation of Abelson tyrosine kinase activity is associated with suppression of apoptosis in hematopoietic cells. Cancer Res. 53 (1993) 1735-1738
47. Faha B., Harlow E., and Lees E. The adenovirus E1A-associated kinase consists of cyclin E-p33cdk2 and cyclin A-p33cdk2. J. Virol. 67 (1993) 2456-2465
48. Fanning E., and Knippers R. Structure and function of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61 (1992) 55-85
49. Farnham P.J., Slansky J.E., and Kollmar R. The role of E2F in the mammalian cell cycle. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1155 (1993) 125-131
50. Fearon E.R., and Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61 (1990) 759-767
51. Fisher D.E. Apoptosis in cancer therapy: Crossing the threshold. Cell 78 (1994) 539-542
52. Funk W.D., Pak D.T., Karas R.H., Wright W.E., and Shay J.W. A transcriptionally active DNA-binding site for human p53 protein complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1992) 2866-2871
53. Gaidano G., Ballerini P., Gong J.Z., Inghirami G., Neri A., Newcomb E.W., Magrath I., Knowles D.M., and Dalla-Favera R. P53 mutations in human lymphoid malagnancies: association with Burkitt's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (1991) 5413-5417
54. Ginsberg D., Mechta F., Yaniv M., and Oren M. Wild-type p53 can down-modulate the activity of various promoters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (1991) 9979-9983
55. Giordano A., McCall C., Whyte P., and Franza B.R. Human cyclin A and the retinoblastoma protein interact with similar but distinguishable sequences in the adenovirus E1A gene product. Oncogene 6 (1991) 481-486
56. Gooding L.R., Aquino L., Duerlsen-Hughes P.J., Day D., Horton T.M., Yei S., and Wold W.S.M. The E1B-19K protein of group C adenoviruses prevents cytolysis by necrosis factor of human cells but not mouse cells. J. Virol. 65 (1991) 3083-3094
57. Goodrich D.W., and Lee W.H. Abrogation by c-myc of G1 phase arrest induced by RB protein but not by p53. Nature (London) 360 (1992) 177-179
58. Goodrich D.W., Wang N.P., Qian Y.W., Lee E.Y., and Lee W.H. The retinoblastoma gene product regulates progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cell 67 (1991) 293-302
59. Gottlieb E., Haffner R., von Ruben T., and Oren M. Down-regulation of wild-type p53 activity interferes with apoptosis of IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells following IL-3 withdrawal. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 1368-1374
60. Gu W., Bhatia K., Magrath I., Dang C.V., and Dalla-Favera R. Binding and suppression of myc transcriptional activation domain by p107. Science 264 (1994) 251-254
61. Guillouf C., Rosselli F., Krishnaraju K., Moustacchi E., Hoffman B., and Leibermann D.A. P53 involvement in control of G2 exit of the cell cycle: Role in DNA-damage-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 10 (1995) 2263-2270
62. Haas-Kogan D.A., Kogan S.C., Levi D., Dazin P., T'Ang A., Fung Y.-K., and Israel M.A. Inhibition of apoptosis by the retinoblastoma gene product. EMBO J. 14 (1995) 461-472
63. Halevy O., Novitch B.G., Spicer D.B., Skapek S.X., Rhee J., Hannon G.J., Beach D., and Lassar A.B. Correlation of terminal cell arrest of skeletal muscle with induction of p21 by MyoD. Science 267 (1995) 1018-1021
64. Hanahan D. Dissecting multistep tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. Annu. Rev. Genet. 22 (1988) 479-519
65. Harper W.J., and Elledge S.J. P53-independent expression of p21Cip1 in muscle and other terminally differentiating cells. Science 267 (1995) 1024-1027
66. Harper J.W., Adami G.R., Wei N., Keyomarsi K., and Elledge S.J. The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75 (1993) 805-816
67. Harrington E.A., Bennett M.R., Fanidi A., and Evan G.I. C-myc-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts is inhibited by specific cytokines. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 3286-3295
68. Harris C.C., and Hollstein M. Clinical implications of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. New Engl. J Med. 329 (1993) 1318-1327
69. Hartwell L.H., and Kastan M.B. Cell cycle control and cancer. Science 266 (1994) 1821-1828
70. Harvey M., McArthur M.J., Montgomery Jr. C.A., Bardley A., and Donehower L.A. Genetic background alters the spectrum of tumors that develop in p53-deficient mice. FASEB J. 7 (1993) 938-943
71. Hashimoto S., Ishii A., and Yonehara S. The E1boncogene of adenovirus confers cellular resistance to cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor and monoclonal anti-Fas antibody. Int. Immunol. 3 (1991) 343-351
72. Haupt Y., Rowan S., Shaulian E., Vousden K.H., and Oren M. Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by transactivation-deficient p53. Genes Dev. 9 (1995) 2170-2183
73. Henderson S., Huen D., Rowe M., Dawson C., Johnson G., and Rickinson A. Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHRF1 protein, a viral homologue of Bcl-2, protects human B-cells from programmed cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (1993) 8479-8483
74. Hickman E.S., Picksley S.M., and Vousden K. Cells expressing HPV 16E7 continue cell cycle progression following DNA damage induced p53 activation. Oncogene 9 (1994) 2177-2181
75. Hiebert S.W., Packham G., Strom D.K., Haffner R., Oren M., Zambetti G., and Cleveland J.L. E2F1:DP-1 induces p53 and overrides survival factors to trigger apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 6864-6874
76. Hollstein M., Sidransky D., Vogelstein B., and Harris C.C. P53 mutations in human cancers. Science 253 (1991) 49-53
77. Howes K.A., Ransom N., Papermaster D.S., Lasudry J.G.H., Albert D.M., and Windle J.J. Apoptosis or retinoblastoma: Alternative fates of photoreceptors expressing the HPV-16 E7 gene in the presence or absence of p53. Genes Dev. 8 (1994) 1300-1310
78. Hunter T., and Pines J. Cyclins and cancer II: Cyclin D and CDK inhibitors come of age. Cell 79 (1994) 573-582
79. Itoh N., Yonehara S., Ishii A., Yonehara M., Mizushima S.I., Sameshima M., Hase A., Seto Y., and Nagata S. The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis. Cell 66 (1991) 233-243
80. Jacks T., Fazeli A., Schmitt E.M., Bronson R.T., Goodell M.A., and Weinberg R.A. Effects of an Rb mutation in the mouse. Nature (London) 359 (1992) 295-300
81. Jansen-Durr P., Meichle A., Steiner P., Pagano M., Finke J., Botz J., Wessbecher G., Draetta G., and Eilers M. Differential modulation of cyclin gene expression by Myc. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (1993) 3685-3689
82. Jayaraman I., and Prives C. Activation of p53 sequence-specific DNA binding by short single strands of DNA requires the p53 C-terminus. Cell 81 (1995) 1021-1029
83. Jiang H., Lin J., Su Z.-Z., Collart F.R., Huberman E., and Fisher P.B. Induction of differentiation in human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells activates p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in the absence of p53. Oncogene 9 (1994) 3397-3406
84. Johnson P., Chung S., and Benchimol S. Growth suppression of Friend virus induced erythroleukemia cells by p53 protein is accompanied by hemoglobin production and is sensitive to erythropoietin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 1456-1463
85. Kaczmarek L., Hyland J.K., Watt R., Rosenberg M., and Baerga R. Microinjected c-myc as a compentence factor. Science 228 (1985) 1313-1315
86. Kaczmarek L., Ferguson B., Rosenberg M., and Baserga R. Induction of cellular DNA synthesis by purified adenovirus E1A proteins. Virology 152 (1986) 1-10
87. Kastan M.B., Zhan O., El-Deiry W.S., Carrier F., Jacks T., Walsh W.F., Pluckett B.S., Vogelstein B., and Fornace A.J. A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and gadd45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia. Cell 71 (1992) 887-897
88. Kern S.E., Kinzler K.W., Bruskin A., Jarosz D., Friedman P., Prives C., and Vogelstein B. Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Science 252 (1991) 1708-1711
89. Kobayashi T., Consoli U., Andreeff M., Shiku H., Deisseroth A.B., and Zhang W. Activation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression by a temperature-sensitive mutant of human p53 does not lead to apoptosis. Oncogene (1995) in press
90. Korsmeyer S.J. Bcl-2 initiates a new category of oncogenes: Regulators of cell death. Blood 80 (1992) 879-886
91. Kuerbitz S.J., Plunkett B.S., Walsh W.V., and Kastan M.B. Wild-type p53 is a cell cycle checkpoint determinant following irradiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1992) 7491-7495
92. Lane D.P. P53, gardian of the genome. Nature (London) 258 (1992) 15-16
93. Lane D.P. A death in the life of p53. Nature (London) 362 (1993) 786-787
94. Lane D.P., and Crawford L.V. T antigen is bound to a host protein in SV40-transformed cells. Nature (London) 278 (1979) 261-263
95. Laster S., Good J.G., and Gooding L.R. Tumor necrosis factor can induce both apoptotic and necrotic forms of cell lysis. J. Immunol. 141 (1988) 2629-2634
96. Lee E.Y., Hu N., Yuan S.S.F., Cox L.A., Bradley A., Lee W.H., and Herrup K. Mice deficient for Rb are nonviable and show defects in neurogenesis and haematopoiesis. Nature (London) 359 (1992) 288-294
97. Lee S., Elenbass B., Levine A., and Griffith J. P53 and its 14 Kda C-terminal domain recognize primary DNA damage in the form of insertion/deletion mismatches. Cell 81 (1995) 1013-1020
98. Levine A.J., Momand J., and Finlay C.A. The p53 tumor suppressor gene. Nature (London) 351 (1991) 453-456
99. Lin D., Shields M.T., Ullrich S.J., Appella E., and Mercer W.E. Growth arrest induced by wild-type p53 protein blocks cells prior to or near the restriction point in late G1-phase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1992) 9210-9214
100. Lin H.J., Eviner V., Pendergast G.C., and White E. Activated H-ras rescues E1A-induced apoptosis and cooperates with E1A to overcome p53-dependent growth arrest. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 4536-4544
101. Lin Y., and Benchimol S. Cytokines inhibit p53-mediated apoptosis but not p53-mediated G1 arrest. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 6045-6054
102. Livingstone L.R., White A., Spouse J., Livanos E., Jacks T., and Tisty T. Altered cell cycle arrest and gene amplification potentially accompany loss of wild-type p53. Cell 70 (1992) 923-935
103. Lowe S.W., and Ruley H.E. Stabilization of the p53 tumor suppressor is induced by adenovirus-5 E1A and accompanies apoptosis. Genes Dev. 7 (1993) 535-545
104. Lowe S.W., Ruley H.E., Jacks T., and Houseman D.E. P53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs. Cell 74 (1993) 957-967
105. Lowe S.W., Bodis S., McClatchey A., Remington L., Ruley H.E., Houseman D., and Jacks T. P53 status and efficacy of cancer therapy in vivo. Science 266 (1994) 807-810
106. Lowe S.W., Jacks T., Houseman D.E., and Ruley H.E. Abrogation of oncogene-associated apoptosis allows transformation of p53-deficient cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (1994) 2026-2030
107. Lu X., and Lane D.P. Differential induction of transcriptionally active p53 following UV or ionizing radiation: Defects in chromosome instability syndromes. Cell 75 (1993) 765-778
108. Mack D.H., Vartikar J., Pipas J.M., and Laimins L.A. Specific repression of TATA-mediated but not initiator-mediated transcription by wild-type p53. Nature (London) 363 (1993) 281-283
109. MacLachlan T.K., Sang N., and Giordano A. Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases and cdk inhibitors: Implications in cell cycle control and cancer. Crit. Rev. Eukaryotic Gene Expression 5 (1995) 127-156
110. Magrath I. Molecular basis of lymphomagenesis. Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 5529s-5540s Suppl
111. Malkin D., Li F.P., Strong L.C., Fraumeni Jr. J.F., Nelson C.E., Kim D.H., Kassel J., Gryka M.A., Bischoff F.Z., Tainsky M.A., and Friend S.H. Germline p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms. Science 250 (1990) 1233-1238
112. Marcu K.B., Bossone S.A., and Patel A.J. Myc function and regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61 (1992) 809-860
113. Martin D.W., Munoz R.M., Subler M.A., and Deb S. P53 binds to TATA-binding protein-TATA complex. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 13062-13067
114. Martinez J., Georgoff I., and Levine A.J. Cellular location and cell cycle regulation by a temperature-sensitive p53 protein. Genes Dev. 5 (1991) 151-159
115. McCarthy S.A., Symonds H.S., and Van Dyke T. Regulation of apoptosis in transgenic mice by SV40 T antigen-mediated inactivation of p53. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (1994) 3979-3983
116. Mercer W.E. Cell cycle regulation and the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Crit. Rev. Eukaryotic Gene Expression 2 (1992) 251-263
117. W.E. Mercer, 1993 Biochemical control of the cell cycle. "Comprehensive Textbook of Oncology Updates" A. R. Moossas S. C. Schimptt vol. 1, pp. 1-12.
118. Mercer W.E., and Baserga R. Expression of the p53 protein during the cell cycle of human peripherial blood lymphoytes. Exp. Cell Res. 160 (1985) 31-46
119. Mercer W.E., Nelson D., Delco A.B., Olds L.J., and Baserga R. Microinjection of monoclonal antibody to p53 protein inhibits serum-stimulated DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 (1982) 6309-6312
120. Mercer W.E., Shields M.T., Amin M., Sauve G.J., Appella E., Romano J.W., and Ullrich S.J. Negative growth regulation in a glioblastoma tumor cell line that conditionally expresses human wild-type p53. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (1990) 6166-6170
121. Mercer W.E., Shields M.T., Lin D., Appella E., and Ullrich S.J. Growth suppression induced by wild-type p53 protein is accompanied by selective down regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (1991) 1958-1962
122. Merritt A.J., Potten C.S., Kemp C.J., Hickman J.A., Balmain A., Lane D.P., and Hall P.A. The role of p53 in spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract of normal and p53-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 54 (1993) 614-617
123. Michalovitz D., Halevy O., and Oren M. Conditional inhibition of transformation and of cell proliferation by a temperature-sensitive mutant of p53. Cell 62 (1990) 671-680
124. Michieli P., Chedid M., Lin D., Pierce J.H., Mercer W.E., and Givol D. Induction of WAF1/CIP1 by a p53-independent pathway. Cancer Res. 54 (1994) 3391-3395
125. Mitchell P.J., and Tjian R. Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Science 245 (1989) 371-378
126. Miyashita T., and Reed J.C. Bcl-2 gene transfer increases relative resistance of S49.1 and WEH17.2 lymphoid cells to cell death and DNA fragmentation induced by glucocorticoids and multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 5407-5411
127. Miyashita T., Harigai M., Hanada M., and Reed J.C. Identification of a p53-dependent negative response element in the bcl-2 gene. Cancer Res. 54 (1994) 3131-3135
128. Miyashita T., Krajewski S., Krajewska M., Wong H.-G., Lin H.-K., Hoffman B., Lieberman D., and Reed J.C. Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene 9 (1994) 1799-1805
129. Nelson W.G., and Kastan M.B. DNA strand breaks, the DNA template alterations that trigger p53-dependent DNA damage response pathways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 1815-1823
130. Nevins J.R. E2F: a link between the Rb tumor suppressor protein and viral oncoproteins. Science 258 (1992) 424-429
131. Nunez G., Hockenbery D., McDonnell T.J., Sorensen C.M., and Korsmeyer S.J. Bcl-2 maintains B cell memory. Nature (London) 353 (1991) 71-73
132. Okamoto K., and Beach D. Cyclin G is a transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 4816-4822
133. Oltvai Z.N., Milliman C.L., and Korsmeyer S.J. Bcl-2 heterodimers in vivo with conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell 74 (1993) 609-619
134. Oren M. P53: The ultimate tumor suppressor gene. FASEB J. 6 (1992) 3169-3176
135. Owen-Schaub L.B., Zhang W., Cusack J.C., Angelo L.S., Santee S.M., Fujiwara T., Roth J.A., Deisseroth A.B., Zhang W.W., Kruzel E., and Radinsky R. Wild-type human p53 and a temperature-sensitive mutant induce Fas/APO-1 expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 3032-3040
136. Pan H., and Griep A.E. Altered cell cycle regulation in the lens of HPV 16-E6 or E7 transgenic mice: Implications for tumor suppressor gene function in development. Genes Dev. 8 (1994) 1285-1299
137. Pan H., and Griep A.E. Temporally distinct patterns of p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis during mouse lens development. Genes Dev. 9 (1995) 2157-2169
138. Parker S.B., Eichele G., Zhang P., Rawls A., Sands A.T., Bradley A., Olson E.N., Harper J.W., and Elledge S.J. P53-independent expression of p21 Cip in muscle and other terminally differentiating cells. Science 267 (1995) 1024-1027
139. Paules R.S., Levedakou E.N., Wilson S.J., Innes C.L., Rhodes N., Tlsty T.D., Galloway D.A., Donehower L.A., Tainsky M.A., and Kaufmann W.K. Defective checkpoint function in cells from individuals with familial cancer syndromes. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 1763-1773
140. Philipp A., Schneider A., Vasrik I., Finke K., Xiong Y., Beach D., Alitalo K., and Eilers M. Repression of cyclin D1: A novel function of MYC. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 4032-4043
141. Porcu P., Grana X., Li S., Swentek J., De Luca A., Giordano A., and Baserga R. An E2F binding sequence negatively regulates the response of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) promoter to simian virus 40 T antigen and serum. Oncogene 9 (1990) 2125-2134
142. Powell S.N., DeFrank J.S., Connell P., Eogan M., Preffer F., Dombkowski D., Tang W., and Friend S. Differential sensitivity of p53(-) and p53(+) cells to caffeine-induced radiosensitization and override of G2 delay. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 1643-1648
143. Prives C. How loops, β sheets, and helices help us to understand p53. Cell 78 (1994) 543-546
144. Prives C., and Manfredi J.J. The p53 tumor suppressor protein: Meeting review. Genes Dev. 7 (1993) 529-534
145. Qin X.Q., Livingston D.M., Kaelin W.G., and Adams P.D. Deregulated transcription factor E2F1 expression leads to S-phase entry and p53-mediated apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (1994) 10918-10922
146. Raff M. Social controls on cell survival and cell death. Nature (London) 356 (1992) 400
147. Rao L., Debbas M., Sabbatini P., Hockenbery D., Korsmeyer S., and White E. The adenovirus E1A proteins induce apoptosis which is inhibited by the E1B 19K and Bcl-2 proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1992) 7742-7746
148. Reed J.C. Bcl-2 and the regulation of programmed cell death. J. Cell Biol. 124 (1994) 1-6
149. Reich N.C., and Levine A.J. Growth regulation of a cellular tumor antigen, p53, in nontransformed cells. Nature (London) 308 (1984) 199-201
150. Resnicoff M., Sell C., Rubini M., Coppola D., Ambrose D., Baserga R., and Rubin R. Rat glioblastoma cells expressing an antisense RNA to the insulin like growth-factor-I (IGF-I) receptor are non-tumorigenic and induce regression of wild-type tumors. Cancer Res. 54 (1994) 2218-2222
151. Resinicoff M., Burgaud J.-L., Rotman H.L., Abraham D., and Baserga R. Correlation between apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and levels of insulin-like growth factor receptor. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 3739-3741
152. Rubini M., Werner H., Gandini E., Roberts Jr. C.T., LeRoith D., and Baserga R. Platelet-derived growth factor increases the activity of the promoter of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor gene. Exp. Cell Res. 211 (1994) 374-379
153. Ryan J.J., Danish R., Gottlieb C.A., and Clark M.A. Cell analysis of p53-induced cell death in murine erythroleukemia cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 711-719
154. Sabbatini P., Chiou S.K., Rao L., and White E. Modulation of p53-mediated transcriptional repression and apoptosis by the adenovirus E1B 19K protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 1060-1070
155. Sabbatini P., Lin J., Levine A.J., and White E. Essential role for p53-mediated transcription in E1A-induced apoptosis. Genes Dev. 9 (1995) 2184-2192
156. Saenz-Robles M.T., Symonds H., Chen J., and Van Dyke T. Induction versus progression of brain tumor development: Differential functions for pRb- and p53-targeting domains of SV40 T antigen. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 2686-2698
157. Sang N., Baldi A., and Giordano A. The roles of tumor suppressors pRb and p53 in cell proliferation and cancer. Mol. Cell. Differ. 3 (1995) 1-29
158. Santhanam U., Ray A., and Sehgal P.B. Repression of the interleukin 6 gene promoter and the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (1991) 7605-7609
159. Sarnow P., Ho Y.S., Williams J., and Levine A.J. Adenovirus E1b-58 kd tumor antigen and SV40 large tumor antigen are physically associated with the same 54 kd cellular protein in transformed cells. Cell 28 (1982) 387-394
160. Scheffner M., Werness B.A., Hulbregtse J.M., Levine A.J., and Howley P.M. The E6 oncoprotein encoded by human papillomaviruses types 16 and 18 promotes the degradation of p53. Cell 63 (1990) 1129-1136
161. Sell C., Baserga R., and Rubin R. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the IGF-I receptor prevent etoposide-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 303-306
162. Selvakumaran M., Lin H.K., Miyashita T., Wang T., Wang H.G., Krajewski S., Reed J.C., Hoffman B., and Liebermann D. Immediate early up-regulation of bax expression by p53 but not TGFβ1: A paradigm for distinct apopyotic pathways. Oncogene 9 (1994) 1791-1798
163. Sentman C.L., Shutter J.R., Hockenbery D., Kanagawa O., and Krosmeyer S.J. Bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes. Cell 67 (1991) 879-888
164. Seto E., Usheva A., Zambetti G.P., Momand J., Horikoshi N., Weinmann R., Levine A.J., and Shenk T. Wild-type p53 binds to the TATA-binding protein and represses transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1992) 12028-12032
165. Sharp P.A. TATA-binding protein is a classless factor. Cell 68 (1992) 819-821
166. Shaw P., Bovey R., Tardy S., Sahli R., Sordat B., and Costa J. Induction of apoptosis by wild-type p53 in a human colon tumor-derived cell line. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1992) 4495-4499
167. Shen Y.Q., and Shenk T. Relief of p53-mediated transcriptional repression by adenovirus E1B 19KDa protein or cellular bcl-2 protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (1994) 8940-8944
168. Sherr C.J. G1 phase progression: Cycling on cue. Cell 79 (1994) 551-555
169. Sidransky D., Mikkelsen T., Schwechheimer K., Rosenblum M.L., Caanee W., and Vogelstein B. Clonal expansion of p53 mutant cells is associated with brain tumor progression. Nature (London) 355 (1992) 846-857
170. Slebos R.J.C., Lee M.H., Plunkett B.S., Kessis T.D., Williams B.O., Jacks T., Hedrick L., Kastan M.B., and Cho K.R. P53-dependent G1 arrest involves pRB-related proteins and is disrupted by the human papillomavirus 16 E7 oncoprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (1994) 5320-5324
171. Spencer C.A., and Groudine M. Control of c-myc regulation in normal and neoplastic cells. Adv. Cancer Res. 56 (1991) 1-48
172. Stabel S., Argos P., and Philipson L. The release of growth arrest by microinjection of adenovirus E1A DNA. EMBO J. 4 (1985) 2329-2336
173. Stein R.W., Corrigan M., Yaciuk P., Whelan J., and Moran E. Analysis of E1A-mediated growth regulation functions: Binding of the 300-kilodalton cellular product correlates with E1A repression function and DNA synthesis-inducing activity. J. Virol. 64 (1991) 4421-4427
174. Steward N., Hicks G.G., Paraskevas F., and Mowat M. Evidence for a second cell cycle block at G2/M by p53. Oncogene 10 (1995) 109-115
175. Strasser A., Harris A.W., Jacks T., and Cory S. DNA damage can induce apoptosis in proliferating lymphoid cells via p53-independent mechanisms inhibitable by Bcl-2. Cell 79 (1994) 329-339
176. Subler M.A., Martin D.W., and Deb S. Inhibition of viral and cellular promoters by human wild-type p53. J. Virol. 66 (1992) 4757-4762
177. Symonds H.S., McCarthy S.A., Chen J., Pipas J.M., and Van Dyke T. Use of transgenic mice reveals cell-specific transformation by a simian virus 40 T-antigen amino-terminal mutant. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 3255-3265
178. Szekely L., Selivanova G., Magnusson K.P., Klein G., and Wiman K.G. EBNA-5, an Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen, binds to the retinoblastoma and p53 proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (1993) 5455-5459
179. Thut C., Chen J.-L., Klemm R., and Tjian R. P53 transcriptional activation mediated by coactivators TAFII40 and TAFII60. Science 267 (1995) 100-104
180. Travali S., Reiss K., Ferber A., Petralia S., Mercer W.E., Calabretta B., and Baserga R. Constitutively expressed c-myb abrogates the requirement for insulinlike growth factor I in 3T3 fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (1991) 731-736
181. Ullrich S.J., Anderson C.W., Mercer W.E., and Appella E. The p53 tumor suppressor protein, a modulator of cell proliferation. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 15259-15262
182. Vaux D.L., Cory S., and Adams J.M. Bcl-2 gene promotes hematopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature (London) 335 (1988) 440-442
183. Vogelstein B., and Kinzler K.W. P53 function and dysfunction. Cell 70 (1992) 523-526
184. Waldman T., Kinzler K.W., and Vogelstein B. P21 is necessary for the p53-mediated arrest in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 5187-5190
185. Wagner A.J., Small M.B., and Hay N. Myc-mediated apoptosis is blocked by ectopic expression of bcl-2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 2432-2440
186. Wagner A.J., Kokontis J.M., and Hay N. Myc-mediated apoptosis requires wild-type p53 in a manner independent of cell cycle arrest and the ability of p53 to induce p21WAF1/CiP1. Genes Dev. 8 (1994) 2817-2830
187. Waldman T., Kinxler K.W., and Vogelstein B. P21 is necessary for the p53-mediated G1 arrest in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 5187-5190
188. Wang Y.S., Szekely L., Okan I., Klein G., and Wiman K.G. Wild-type p53-triggered apoptosis is inhibited by bcl-2 in a v-myc-induced T-cell lymphoma line. Oncogene 8 (1993) 3427-3431
189. Weinberg R.A. Oncogenes, antioncogenes, and the molecular basis of multistep carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 49 (1989) 3713-3721
190. White E. Regulation of apoptosis by the transforming genes of the DNA tumor virus adenovirus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 204 (1993) 30-39
191. White E., and Cipriani R. Role of adenovirus E1B proteins in transformation: altered organization of intermediate filaments in transformed cells that express the 19-kilodalton protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (1990) 120-130
192. White E., and Gooding L.R. Regulation of apoptosis by human adenoviruses. In: Tomei D., and Cope F. (Eds). "Apoptosis: The Molecular Basis for Cell Death" II (1994), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 111-141
193. White E., Cipriani R., Sabbatini P., and Denton A. The adenovirus E1B 19-kilodalton protein overcomes the cytotoxity of E1A proteins. J. Virol. 65 (1991) 2968-2978
194. Whyte P., Buchkovich K., Horowitz J.M., Friend S.H., Raybuck M., Weinbert R.A., and Harlow E. Association between an oncogene and an antioncogene: The adenovirus E1A proteins bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Nature (London) 334 (1988) 124-129
195. Whyte P., Williamson N.M., and Harlow E. Cellular targets for transformation by the adenovirus E1A proteins. Cell 56 (1989) 67-75
196. Williams G.T., and Smith C.A. Molecular regulation of apoptosis: Genetic controls on cell death. Cell 74 (1993) 777-779
197. Williams G.T., Smith C.A., Spooncer E., Dexter T.M., and Taylor D.R. Haematopoietic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis. Nature (London) 343 (1990) 76-79
198. Wu X., and Levine A.J. P53 and E2F-1 cooperate to mediate apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (1994) 7202-7206
199. Wu X., Bayle J.H., Olson D., and Levine A.J. The p53-mdm-2 autoregulatory feedback loop. Genes Dev. 7 (1993) 1126-1132
200. Wyllie A.H. Cell death: The significance of apoptosis. Int. Rev. Cytol. 68 (1980) 251-306
201. Xu C., Meikrantz W., Schlegel R., and Sager R. The human papilloma virus 16E6 gene sensitizes human mammary epithelial cells to apoptosis induced by DNA damage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (1995) 7829-7833
202. Yin X.-M., Oltvai Z.N., and Kassmeyer S.J. BH1 and BH2 domains of bcl-2 are required for inhibition of apoptosis and heterodimerization with bax. Nature (London) 369 (1994) 321-323
203. Yin Y., Tainsky M.A., Bishoff F.Z., Strong L., and Wahl G.H. Wild-type p53 restores cell cycle control and inhibits gene amplification in cells with mutant p53 alleles. Cell 70 (1992) 937-948
204. Yonish-Rouach E., Resnitzky D., Lotem J., Sachs L., Kimchi A., and Oren M. Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6. Nature (London) 352 (1991) 345-347
205. Yonish-Rouach E., Grunwald D., Wilder S., Kimchi A., May E., Lawerance J.-J., May P., and Oren M. P53-mediated cell death: Relationship to cell cycle control. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1992) 1415-1423
206. Yonish-Rouach E., Borde J., Gotteland M., Mishal Z., Viron A., and May E. Induction of apoptosis by transiently transfected metabolically stable wt p53 in transformed cells. Cell Death Differ. 1 (1994) 39-47
207. Zambetti G.P., Bargonetti J., Walker K., Prives C., and Levine A.J. Wild-type p53 mediates positive regulation of gene expression through a specific DNA binding element. Genes Dev. 6 (1992) 1143-1152
208. Zhan Q., Fan S., Bae I., Guillouf C., Liebermann D.A., O'Connor P.M., and Fornace Jr. A.J. Induction of bax by genotoxic stress in human cells correlates with normal p53 status and apoptosis. Oncogene 9 (1994) 3743-3751
209. Zhang Q., Gutsch D., and Kenney S. Functional and physical interactions between p53 and BZLF1: Implications for Epstein-Barr virus latency. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 1929-1938
210. Zhang W., Grasso L., Craig D., McClain C.D., Gambel A.M., Cha Y., Travali S., Deisseroth A.B., and Mercer W.E. P53-independent induction of WAF1/CIP1 in human leukemia cells is correlated with growth arrest accompanying monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 668-674