-
1
-
-
0027031284
-
Dental caries, sugar consumption and restorative dental care in 12-13-ycar-old children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
-
Akpata F.S, Al-Shammery AR, Saccd HI: Dental caries, sugar consumption and restorative dental care in 12-13-ycar-old children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1992;20:343-346.
-
(1992)
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol
, vol.20
, pp. 343-346
-
-
Akpata, F.S.1
Al-Shammery, A.R.2
Saccd, H.I.3
-
2
-
-
0020072068
-
Effect of trace metals on growth of Streptococcus mutans in a Teflon chemostat
-
Aranha H. Strachan RC. Arceneaux JF.L, Byres BR: Effect of trace metals on growth of Streptococcus mutans in a Teflon chemostat. Infect Immun 1982;35:456-460.
-
(1982)
Infect Immun
, vol.35
, pp. 456-460
-
-
Aranha, H.1
Strachan, R.C.2
Arceneaux, J.3
Byres, B.R.4
-
3
-
-
0019445208
-
The influence of certain added water-borne trace elements on the percentage bacterial composition of tooth fissure plaque from conventional Sprague-Daw-ley rats
-
Beighton D, McDougall WA: The influence of certain added water-borne trace elements on the percentage bacterial composition of tooth fissure plaque from conventional Sprague-Daw-ley rats. Arch Oral Biol 1981;26:419-425.
-
(1981)
Arch Oral Biol
, vol.26
, pp. 419-425
-
-
Beighton, D.1
Mc Dougall, W.A.2
-
4
-
-
0029336465
-
Are current models for preventive programs sufficient for the needs of tomorrow?
-
Bowen WH: Are current models for preventive programs sufficient for the needs of tomorrow? Adv Dent Res 1995;9;77-81.
-
(1995)
Adv Dent Res
, vol.9
, pp. 77-81
-
-
Bowen, W.H.1
-
5
-
-
0019015155
-
A method to assess cariogenic potential of foodstuffs
-
Bowen WH. Amsbaugh SM. Monell-Torrens S, Bruncllc J, Kuzmiak-Jones II, Cole MF: A method to assess cariogenic potential of foodstuffs. J Am Dent Assoc 1980;100:677-681.
-
(1980)
J am Dent Assoc
, vol.100
, pp. 677-681
-
-
Bowen, W.H.1
Amsbaugh, S.M.2
Monell-Torrens, S.3
Bruncllc, J.4
Kuzmiak-Jones, I.I.5
Cole, M.F.6
-
6
-
-
0020983935
-
Influence of various diets administered by gastric gavage on cariogenicity of foods
-
Bowen WH. Amsbaugh SM, Monell-Torrens S, Bruncllc JA: Influence of various diets administered by gastric gavage on cariogenicity of foods. Caries Res 1983;17:525-531.
-
(1983)
Caries Res
, vol.17
, pp. 525-531
-
-
Bowen, W.H.1
Amsbaugh, S.M.2
Monell-Torrens, S.3
Bruncllc, J.A.4
-
7
-
-
0024094480
-
Influence of desalivation in rats on incidence of caries in intact cagemates
-
Bowen WH, Madison KM, Pearson SK: Influence of desalivation in rats on incidence of caries in intact cagemates. J Dent Res 1988:67:1316-1318.
-
(1988)
J Dent Res
, vol.67
, pp. 1316-1318
-
-
Bowen, W.H.1
Madison, K.M.2
Pearson, S.K.3
-
8
-
-
0011385133
-
Effect of ions co-crystal-lized with sugar on caries in desalivated rats (Abstract)
-
Bow en WH, Pearson SK: Effect of ions co-crystal-lized with sugar on caries in desalivated rats (abstract). J Dent Res 1992;71:522.
-
(1992)
J Dent Res
, vol.71
, pp. 522
-
-
Bow En, W.H.1
Pearson, S.K.2
-
9
-
-
0000138236
-
The effect of partial desalivation on coronal and root-surface caries in the rat
-
Leach SA ed, Oxford, 1RL Press
-
Bowen WH; Pearson SK, Young DA, Thibodeau EA: The effect of partial desalivation on coronal and root-surface caries in the rat: in Leach SA (ed): Factors Relating to Demineralisation and Remineralisation of the Teeth. Oxford, 1RL Press, 1986, pp 243-250.
-
(1986)
Factors Relating to Demineralisation and Remineralisation of the Teeth.
, pp. 243-250
-
-
Bowen, W.H.1
Pearson, S.K.2
Young, D.A.3
Thibodeau, E.A.4
-
10
-
-
0025348499
-
Prevention of population shifts in oral microbial communities in vitro by low fluoride concentrations
-
Bradshaw DJ, McKee AS, Marsh PD: Prevention of population shifts in oral microbial communities in vitro by low fluoride concentrations. J Dent Res 1990;69:436-441.
-
(1990)
J Dent Res
, vol.69
, pp. 436-441
-
-
Bradshaw, D.J.1
Mc Kee, A.S.2
Marsh, P.D.3
-
11
-
-
0024110203
-
The effects of sugars intake and frequency of ingestion on dental caries increment in a three-year longitudinal study
-
Burt BA, Eklund SA, Morgan KJ. Larkin FE, Guirc KE, Brown LO, Weintraub JA: The effects of sugars intake and frequency of ingestion on dental caries increment in a three-year longitudinal study. J Dent Res 1988;67:1422-1429.
-
(1988)
J Dent Res
, vol.67
, pp. 1422-1429
-
-
Burt, B.A.1
Eklund, S.A.2
Morgan, K.J.3
Larkin, F.E.4
Guirc, K.E.5
Brown, L.O.6
Weintraub, J.A.7
-
12
-
-
0028454464
-
The Michigan study: The relationship betw een sugars intake and dental caries over three years
-
Burt BA, Szpunar SM: The Michigan study: The relationship betw een sugars intake and dental caries over three years. Int Dent J I994;44:230-240.
-
(1994)
Int Dent J
, vol.44
, pp. 230-240
-
-
Burt, B.A.1
Szpunar, S.M.2
-
13
-
-
0020604714
-
Iron fortification: An update
-
Cook JD. Reusser ME: Iron fortification: An update. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;38:648-659.
-
(1983)
Am J Clin Nutr
, vol.38
, pp. 648-659
-
-
Cook, J.D.1
Reusser, M.E.2
-
14
-
-
0016810450
-
Studies on the fortification of cane sugar with iron and ascorbic acid
-
Dislcr PB. Lynch SR. Charlton RW, Bothwell TH, Walker RB, Mayct F: Studies on the fortification of cane sugar with iron and ascorbic acid. BrJ Nutr 1975;34:141-152.
-
(1975)
Brj Nutr
, vol.34
, pp. 141-152
-
-
Dislcr, P.B.1
Lynch, S.R.2
Charlton, R.W.3
Bothwell, T.H.4
Walker, R.B.5
Mayct, F.6
-
15
-
-
0015413994
-
The effect of iron salts on experimental dental caries in the hamster
-
Emilson CG. Krassc B: The effect of iron salts on experimental dental caries in the hamster. Arch Oral Biol 1972;17:1439-1443.
-
(1972)
Arch Oral Biol
, vol.17
, pp. 1439-1443
-
-
Emilson, C.G.1
Krassc, B.2
-
16
-
-
18544393912
-
Enzymatic hydrolysis and structure of water-insoluble glucan produced by gluco-syltransferases from a strain of Streptococcus mutans
-
Guggenheim B: Enzymatic hydrolysis and structure of water-insoluble glucan produced by gluco-syltransferases from a strain of Streptococcus mutans. HelvOdontol Acta 1970;14:89-108.
-
(1970)
Helvodontol Acta
, vol.14
, pp. 89-108
-
-
Guggenheim, B.1
-
17
-
-
0026049414
-
Oral passive immunization against dental caries in rats by use of hen egg yolk antibodies specific for cell-associated glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans
-
L lamada S, Horikoshi T, Minami T, Kawabata S, Hi-raoka J, Fujiwara T, Ooshima T: Oral passive immunization against dental caries in rats by use of hen egg yolk antibodies specific for cell-associated glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun 1991:59:4161 -4167.
-
(1991)
Infect Immun
, vol.59
-
-
Lamada, S.1
Horikoshi, T.2
Minami, T.3
Kawabata, S.4
Hi-Raoka, J.5
Fujiwara, T.6
Ooshima, T.7
-
18
-
-
0026448910
-
Characterization of the dextranase purified from Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt
-
Igarashi T, Yamamoto A. Goto N: Characterization of the dextranase purified from Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt. Microbiol Immunol 1992:36: 969-976.
-
(1992)
Microbiol Immunol
, vol.36
, pp. 969-976
-
-
Igarashi, T.1
Yamamoto, A.2
Goto, N.3
-
19
-
-
0027977423
-
Effect of iron-deficiency anemia on saliva secretion rate and composition in the rat
-
Johansson I, Fagernas C: Effect of iron-deficiency anemia on saliva secretion rate and composition in the rat. Arch Oral Biol 1994;39:51-56.
-
(1994)
Arch Oral Biol
, vol.39
, pp. 51-56
-
-
Johansson, I.1
Fagernas, C.2
-
20
-
-
84941329316
-
Dental caries in the molar teeth of rats. 11. A method for diagnosing and scoring several types of lesions simultaneously
-
Keyes PH: Dental caries in the molar teeth of rats. 11. A method for diagnosing and scoring several types of lesions simultaneously. J Dent Res 1958;37:1088-1099.
-
(1958)
J Dent Res
, vol.37
, pp. 1088-1099
-
-
Keyes, P.H.1
-
21
-
-
0001577950
-
Merits and modifications of scoring rat dental caries by Keyes' method
-
Larson RH: Merits and modifications of scoring rat dental caries by Keyes' method. Proc Symp Anim Models Cariol Microbiol Abstr 1981: 195-204.
-
(1981)
Proc Symp Anim Models Cariol Microbiol Abstr
, pp. 195-204
-
-
Larson, R.H.1
-
22
-
-
0021913677
-
Iron deficiency in Latin America. Causes and prevention
-
Layrisse M: Iron deficiency in Latin America. Causes and prevention. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1985;27:105-116.
-
(1985)
Int J Vitam Nutr Res
, vol.27
, pp. 105-116
-
-
Layrisse, M.1
-
23
-
-
0017682853
-
Fc(Lll)-EDTA complex as iron fortification
-
Layrisse M, Martinez-Torres C: Fc(lll)-EDTA complex as iron fortification. Am J Clin Nutr 1977; 30:1166-1174.
-
(1977)
Am J Clin Nutr
, vol.30
, pp. 1166-1174
-
-
Layrisse, M.1
Martinez-Torres, C.2
-
25
-
-
0017239689
-
Sugar asa vehicle for iron fortification: Further studies
-
Layrisse M, Martinez-Torres C, Renzi M: Sugar asa vehicle for iron fortification: Further studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1976a;29:274-279.
-
(1976)
Am J Clin Nutr
, vol.29
, pp. 274-279
-
-
Layrisse, M.1
Martinez-Torres, C.2
Renzi, M.3
-
26
-
-
0017258960
-
Sugar as a vehicle for iron fortification
-
Layrisse M, Martinez-Torres C, Renzi M, Velez F, Gonzalez M: Sugar as a vehicle for iron fortification. Am J Clin Nutr 1976b;29:8-18.
-
(1976)
Am J Clin Nutr
, vol.29
, pp. 8-18
-
-
Layrisse, M.1
Martinez-Torres, C.2
Renzi, M.3
Velez, F.4
Gonzalez, M.5
-
28
-
-
0024224736
-
Composition of pooled resting plaque fluid from caries-free and caries-susceptible individuals
-
Margolis HC. Duckworth JH, Moreno EC: Composition of pooled resting plaque fluid from caries-free and caries-susceptible individuals. J Dent Res 1988:67:1468-1475.
-
(1988)
J Dent Res
, vol.67
, pp. 1468-1475
-
-
Margolis, H.C.1
Duckworth, J.H.2
Moreno, E.C.3
-
29
-
-
0002996957
-
Arginine deiminase alkali generation in plaque
-
Bowen WH, Tabak LA (eds), Rochester, University of Rochester Press
-
Marquis RE, Bumc RA, Parsons DT: Arginine deiminase alkali generation in plaque: in Bowen WH, Tabak LA (eds): Cariology for the Nineties. Rochester, University of Rochester Press, 1993, pp 310-317.
-
(1993)
Cariology for the Nineties.
, pp. 310-317
-
-
Marquis, R.E.1
Bumc, R.A.2
Parsons, D.T.3
-
30
-
-
0026268096
-
Sugar, fluoride, pH and microbial homeostasis in dental plaque
-
Marsh PD: Sugar, fluoride, pH and microbial homeostasis in dental plaque. Proc Finn Dent Soc 1991;87:515-525.
-
(1991)
Proc Finn Dent Soc
, vol.87
, pp. 515-525
-
-
Marsh, P.D.1
-
31
-
-
2542591902
-
Observations on induced caries in rats
-
McClure FJ: Observations on induced caries in rats. J Dent Res 1948;27:34-40.
-
(1948)
J Dent Res
, vol.27
, pp. 34-40
-
-
Mc Clure, F.J.1
-
32
-
-
0022650957
-
The effect of lowering the pH on the composition and metabolism of a community of nine oral bacteria grown in a chemostat
-
McDermid AS, McKee AS, Ellwood DC, Marsh PD: The effect of lowering the pH on the composition and metabolism of a community of nine oral bacteria grown in a chemostat. J Gen Microbiol 1986;132:1205-1214.
-
(1986)
J Gen Microbiol
, vol.132
, pp. 1205-1214
-
-
Mc Dermid, A.S.1
Mc Kee, A.S.2
Ellwood, D.C.3
Marsh, P.D.4
-
33
-
-
0030624169
-
Influence of iron alone or with fluoride on caries development in desalivated and intact rats
-
Miguel JC. Bowen WH, Pearson SK: Influence of iron alone or with fluoride on caries development in desalivated and intact rats. Caries Res 1997;31:244-248.
-
(1997)
Caries Res
, vol.31
, pp. 244-248
-
-
Miguel, J.C.1
Bowen, W.H.2
Pearson, S.K.3
-
34
-
-
0018412028
-
Effect of salts on water-insoluble glucan formation by gluco-syltransfcrase of Streptococcus mutans
-
Mukasa H, Shimamura A, Tsumori H: Effect of salts on water-insoluble glucan formation by gluco-syltransfcrase of Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun 1979;32:564-570.
-
(1979)
Infect Immun
, vol.32
, pp. 564-570
-
-
Mukasa, H.1
Shimamura, A.2
Tsumori, H.3
-
35
-
-
0025741198
-
Cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans V403 glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransfcrase mutants constructed by allelic exchange
-
Munro C. Michalek SM, Macrina FL: Cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans V403 glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransfcrase mutants constructed by allelic exchange. Infect Immun 1991:59:2316-2323.
-
(1991)
Infect Immun
, vol.59
, pp. 2316-2323
-
-
Munro, C.1
Michalek, S.M.2
Macrina, F.L.3
-
36
-
-
0029016526
-
Sucrose-derived exopolymers have site-dependent roles in Streptococcus mutans-promoted dental decay
-
Munro CL, Michalek SM, Macrina FL: Sucrose-derived exopolymers have site-dependent roles in Streptococcus mutans-promoted dental decay. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1995;128:327-332.
-
(1995)
FEMS Microbiol Lett
, vol.128
, pp. 327-332
-
-
Munro, C.L.1
Michalek, S.M.2
Macrina, F.L.3
-
37
-
-
0019138656
-
Effect of some polyvalent cations on the acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo
-
Oppermann RV. Rolla G: Effect of some polyvalent cations on the acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo. Caries Res 1980;14:422-427.
-
(1980)
Caries Res
, vol.14
, pp. 422-427
-
-
Oppermann, R.V.1
Rolla, G.2
-
38
-
-
0030347510
-
Effects of copper co-crystallized with sugar on caries development in desalivated rats
-
Rosalen PL, Bowen WH, Pearson SK: Effects of copper co-crystallized with sugar on caries development in desalivated rats. Caries Res 1996; 30:367-372.
-
(1996)
Caries Res
, pp. 367-372
-
-
Rosalen, P.L.1
Bowen, W.H.2
Pearson, S.K.3
-
39
-
-
0021733129
-
Relationship between dietary habits and caries increment assessed over two years in 405 English adolescent school children
-
Rugg-Gunn AJ, Hackett AF. Appleton DR, Jenkins GN, Eastoe JE: Relationship between dietary habits and caries increment assessed over two years in 405 English adolescent school children Arch Oral Biol 1984;29:983-992.
-
(1984)
Arch Oral Biol
, vol.29
, pp. 983-992
-
-
Rugg-Gunn, A.J.1
Hackett, A.F.2
Appleton, D.R.3
Jenkins, G.N.4
Eastoe, J.E.5
-
40
-
-
2542550698
-
Influence of dietary iron on the dental caries experience and growth of rats fed an experimental diet; in Heffcrren JJ, Koehler HM (Eds): Foods, Nutrition and Dental Health. Park Forest South
-
Sintes JL: Influence of dietary iron on the dental caries experience and growth of rats fed an experimental diet; in Heffcrren JJ, Koehler HM (eds): Foods, Nutrition and Dental Health. Park Forest South, Pathotox Publishers, 1981, vol I, pp 303-320.
-
(1981)
Pathotox Publishers
, vol.1
, pp. 303-320
-
-
Sintes, J.L.1
-
41
-
-
0020032595
-
Teflon chemostat for studies of trace metal metabolism in Streptococcus mu tans and other bacteria
-
Strachan RC, Aranha H, Lodge JS, Arceneaux JEL. Byers BR: Teflon chemostat for studies of trace metal metabolism in Streptococcus mu tans and other bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982; 43:257-260.
-
(1982)
Appl Environ Microbiol
, vol.43
, pp. 257-260
-
-
Strachan, R.C.1
Aranha, H.2
Lodge, J.S.3
Arceneaux, J.E.L.4
Byers, B.R.5
-
42
-
-
0028019545
-
Cloning and DNA sequencing of the dextranase inhibitor gene (dei) from Streptococcus sobrinus
-
Sun J-W. Wanda S-Y, Camilli A, Curtiss R III: Cloning and DNA sequencing of the dextranase inhibitor gene (dei) from Streptococcus sobrinus. J Bacteriol 1994;176:7213-7222.
-
(1994)
J Bacteriol
, vol.176
, pp. 7213-7222
-
-
Sun, J.-W.1
Wanda, S.-Y.2
-
43
-
-
0023785723
-
Iron and dental caries
-
Torell P: Iron and dental caries. Swed Dent J 1988; 12:113-124.
-
(1988)
Swed Dent J
, vol.12
, pp. 113-124
-
-
Torell, P.1
-
44
-
-
0027417548
-
YipR: Coordinated strategies for controlling micronutrient malnutrition: A technical workshop
-
Trowbridge FL, Harris SS, Cook J, Dunn JT, Florentine RF, Kodyat BA, Mannar MG, Reddy V, Tontisirin K, Underwood BA, YipR: Coordinated strategies for controlling micronutrient malnutrition: A technical workshop. J Nutr 1993; 123:775-787.
-
(1993)
J Nutr
, vol.123
, pp. 775-787
-
-
Trowbridge, F.L.1
Harris, S.S.2
Cook, J.3
Dunn, J.T.4
Florentine, R.F.5
Kodyat, B.A.6
Mannar, M.G.7
Reddy, V.8
Tontisirin, K.9
Underwood, B.A.10
-
45
-
-
0029066316
-
Fortification of sugar with iron sodium ethylenediaminotctraacetate (Fe-NaEDTA) improves iron status in semirural Guatemalan populations
-
Viteri FE, Alvarez E, Batres R, Torun B, Pineda O, Mejia LA, Sylvi J: Fortification of sugar with iron sodium ethylenediaminotctraacetate (Fe-NaEDTA) improves iron status in semirural Guatemalan populations. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61:1153-1163.
-
(1995)
Am J Clin Nutr
, vol.61
, pp. 1153-1163
-
-
Viteri, F.E.1
Alvarez, E.2
Batres, R.3
Torun, B.4
Pineda, O.5
Mejia, L.A.6
Sylvi, J.7
-
46
-
-
0019752207
-
Iron fortification in developing countries
-
Viteri FE, Alvarez E, Bulux J, Gonzalez H, Pineda O, Mejia LA, Batres R, Torun B: Iron fortification in developing countries. Prog Clin Biol Res 1981;77:345-354.
-
(1981)
Prog Clin Biol Res
, vol.77
, pp. 345-354
-
-
Viteri, F.E.1
Alvarez, E.2
Bulux, J.3
Gonzalez, H.4
Pineda, O.5
Mejia, L.A.6
Batres, R.7
Torun, B.8
-
47
-
-
0018138788
-
Sodium iron NaFeEDTA as an iron fortification compound in Central America. Absorption studies
-
Viteri FE, Garcia-Ibanez R, Torun B: Sodium iron NaFeEDTA as an iron fortification compound in Central America. Absorption studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1978;31:961-971.
-
(1978)
Am J Clin Nutr
, vol.31
, pp. 961-971
-
-
Viteri, F.E.1
Garcia-Ibanez, R.2
Torun, B.3
-
48
-
-
0019766445
-
Metabolism of the polysaccharides of human dental plaque: Release of dextranase in batch cultures of Streptococcus mutans
-
Walker GJ. Pulkownik A, Morrcy-Jones JG: Metabolism of the polysaccharides of human dental plaque: Release of dextranase in batch cultures of Streptococcus mutans. J Gen Microbiol 1981; 127:201-208.
-
(1981)
J Gen Microbiol
, vol.127
, pp. 201-208
-
-
Walker, G.J.1
Pulkownik, A.2
Morrcy-Jones, J.G.3
-
49
-
-
0024352668
-
Kleinberg 1: Arginolytic and ure-olytic activities of pure cultures of human oral bacteria and their effects on the pH response of salivary sediment and dental plaque in vitro
-
Wijeyeweera RL, Kleinberg 1: Arginolytic and ure-olytic activities of pure cultures of human oral bacteria and their effects on the pH response of salivary sediment and dental plaque in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 1989;34:43-53.
-
(1989)
Arch Oral Biol
, vol.34
, pp. 43-53
-
-
Wijeyeweera, R.L.1
-
50
-
-
0003917482
-
-
WHO technical report series. World Health Organization, Geneva
-
World Health Organization Study Group on Diet Nutrition and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases: Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: Report of a WHO study group. WHO technical report series. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1990.
-
(1990)
Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Report of a WHO Study Group
-
-
-
51
-
-
0027323903
-
Role of the Streptococcus mutans gtfgenes in caries induction in the specific-pathogen-free rat model
-
Yamashita Y, Bowen WH, Bume RA, Kuramitsu H K: Role of the Streptococcus mutans gtfgenes in caries induction in the specific-pathogen-free rat model. Infect Immun 1993;61:3811-3817.
-
(1993)
Infect Immun
, vol.61
, pp. 3811-3817
-
-
Yamashita, Y.1
Bowen, W.H.2
Bume, R.A.3
Kuramitsu, H.K.4
-
52
-
-
0026560577
-
Molecular analysis of a Streptococcus mutans strain exhibiting polymorphism in the tandem gtfB and gtfC genes
-
Yamashita Y. Bowen WH, Kuramitsu HK: Molecular analysis of a Streptococcus mutans strain exhibiting polymorphism in the tandem gtfB and gtfC genes. Infect Immun 1992:60:1618-1624.
-
(1992)
Infect Immun
, vol.60
, pp. 1618-1624
-
-
Yamashita, Y.1
Bowen, W.H.2
Kuramitsu, H.K.3
-
53
-
-
0029052933
-
The challenge of controlling iron deficiency: Sweet news from Guatemala
-
Yip R: The challenge of controlling iron deficiency: Sweet news from Guatemala. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1164-1165.
-
(1995)
Am J Clin Nutr
, vol.61
, pp. 1164-1165
-
-
Yip, R.1
|