Asymptomatic Leishmania chagasi Infection in Relatives and Neighbors of Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Volumn 92, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 15-20

  D'Oliveira Jr , Argemiro ^b   Costa, Sérgio Ricardo M ^b   Barbosa, Aurinha Bispo ^a   De La Glória Orge Orge, Maria ^b   Carvalho, Edgar M ^b  

^a Posto de Saúde de Monte Gordo   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF BAHIA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Asymptomatic infection; Relatives' infections; Visceral leishmaniasis

Indexed keywords

LEISHMANIA DONOVANI CHAGASI;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CHILD; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEISHMANIA INFANTUM; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARASITOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANIMALS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEISHMANIA INFANTUM; LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 0030622303     PISSN: 00740276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761997000100003     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Alencar JE, Almeida YM, Silva ZF, Paiva AS, Fonseca MF 1975. Aspectos atuais do calazar no Ceará. Rev Bras Malariol Doença Trop 25/26: 27-48.
2. Badaró R, Jones TC, Carvalho EM, Sampaio D, Reed SG, Barral A, Teixeira R, Johnson WD 1986a. New perspective on a subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 154: 1003-1011.
3. Badaró R, Jones TC, Lorenço R, Cerf BJ, Sampaio D, Carvalho EM, Rocha H, Teixeira R, Johnson WD 1986b. A prospective study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brazil. J Infect Dis 154: 639-649.
4. Badaró R, Reed SG, Barral A, Orge G, Jones TC 1986c. Evaluation of the micro enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies in American visceral leishmaniasis antigen selection for detection of infection specific responses. Am J Trop Med Hyg: 35: 79-85.
5. Beer P, de Harit AEC, Deng LL, Semião-Santos SJ, Chantai B, Grootheest M 1991. A killing disease epidemic among displaced sudanese population identified as visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 283-289.
6. Blackwell JM 1982. Genetic control of recovery from visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76. 147-154.
7. Bradley DJ 1977. Regulation of the leishmania populations within the host. II. Genetic control of acute susceptibility of mice to L. donovani infection. Clin Exp Immunol 30: 130-140.
8. Cabello PH, Lima AMVM, Azevedo ES, Krieger H 1995. Familial aggregation of Leishmania chagasi infection in northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 364-365.
9. Carvalho EM, Bacellar O, Barral A, Badaró R, Johnson WD 1989. Antigen-specific immunosuppression in visceral leishmaniasis is cell mediated. J Clin Invest 83: 860-864.
10. Carvalho EM, Bacellar O, Brownell CE, Coffman RL, Reed SG 1994. Restoration of IFN-gamma production and lymphocyte proliferation in visceral leishmaniasis. J Immunol 152. 5949-5956.
11. Carvalho EM, Barrai A, Pedral-Sampaio D, Barral-Netto M, Badaró R, Rocha H, Johnson WD 1992. Immunologic markers of clinical evolution in children recently infected with Leishmania donovani chagasi. J Infect Dis 165: 535-540.
12. Carvalho EM, Horwitz DA 1980. Characterization of a non-T, non-B human blood lymphocyte that mediates the enhancing effects of immune complexes on lymphocyte blastogenesis. J Immunol 124: 1656-1661.
13. Cerf BJ, Jones TC, Badaró R, Sampaio D, Carvalho EM, Rocha H, Teixeira R, Johnson WD 1987. Malnutrition as a risk factor for severe visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 156. 1030-1032.
14. Corredor A, Gallego JF, Tesh RB, Morales A, Carrasguilla CF, Young DG, Kreutzen RD, Boshell J, Palan MT, Carceres E, Palaez D 1989. Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 40: 480-486.
15. Costa JML, Osaho NK, Vale KC, Lago EL, França F, Vaxenat JA, Marsden PD 1986. Ocorrência familiar da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em uma região endêmica, Corte de Pedra, Bahia. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 19: 197-198.
16. Cunha S, Freire M, Eulálio C, Cristovão J, Netto E, Johnson WD, Reed SF, Badaró R 1995. Visceral leishmaniasis in a new ecological niche near a major metropolitan area of Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89. 155-158.
17. Deane LM, Deane MP 1962. Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: Geographic distribution and transmission. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 4: 198-212.
18. Dhiman RC, Sen AB 1991. Epidemiology of kala-azar in rural Bihar (India) using village as a component unit of study. Indian J Med Res 93: 155-160.
19. Evans T, Reis M de F, de Alencar JE, Naidu TG, de Jesus JA, Mc Auliffe JF, Pearson RD. 1985. American visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). West J Med 2: 777-781.
20. Evans TG, Teixeira MJ, McAuliffe IT, Vasconcelos IAB, Vasconcelos AW, Sousa AQ, Lima JWO, Pearson RD 1992. Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. J Infect Dis 166: 1124-1132.
21. Ghalib HW, Piuvezan MR, Skeiky YAW, Siddig M, Hashmi FA, El-Hassam AM, Russo DM, Reed SG 1993. Interlcukin-10 production correlates with pathology in human L. donovani infections. J Clin Invest 92. 324-329.
22. Guedes GE, Maroja A, Chaves E, Estélio J, Cunha MJ, Arcoverde S 1974. Calazar no litoral do estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Encontro de 70 casos humanos e 16 caninos. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 16: 265-269.
23. Jahn A, Lelmett JM, Diesfeld HJ 1986. Seroepidemiological study of kala-azar in Beringo District, Kenya. J Trop Med Hyg 89: 91-94.
24. Karp CL, El-Safi SH, Wynn TA, Satt MMH, Kardogani AM, Hashmi FA, Hag-Ali M, Neva FA, Nutman TB, Sacks DL 1993. In vivo cytokine profiles in patients with kala-azar. J Clin Invest 91. 1644-1648.
25. Lainson R 1983. The American leishmaniasis: some observations on their ecology and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77: 569-596.
26. Lowry DH, Rosembrongh NG, Farr AL, Randall RG 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275.
27. Navin TR, Sierra M, Custodio R, Steurer F, Porter CH, Ruebush TK 1985. Epidemiologic study of visceral leishmaniasis in Honduras, 1975-1983. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 1069-1075.
28. Perea WA, Ancelle T, Moren A, Nagelkerke, Sondorp E 1991. Visceral leishmaniasis in southern Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85. 48-53.
29. Reed SG, Badaró R, Masur H, Carvalho EM, Lorenço R, Lisboa A, Teixeira R, Johnson WD, Jones TC 1986. Selection of a skin test antigen for american visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35: 79-85.
30. Russo DM, Jardim A, Carvalho EM, Sleath PR, Armitage RJ, Olafson RW, Reed SG 1993. Mapping human T cell epitopes in leishmania gp63. Identification of cross-reactive and species-specific epitopes. J Immunol 150: 932-939.
31. Southgate BA, Oriedo BVE 1962. Studies in the epidemiology of East African leishmaniasis. I. The circumstancial epidemiology of Kala-azar in the Kitui District of Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 56: 30-47.
32. Thakur CP 1984. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of Bihar kala-azar (including post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 78: 391-398.
33. Ward RD 1985. Vector biology and control leishmaniasis, p. 199-212. In KP Chang, RS Bray (eds) Leishmaniasis. Elsevier, New York.
34. Wijers DJB, Killu G 1984. Studies on the vector of kalaazar in Kenya. VIII. The outbreak in Machakos District; epidemiological features and possible way of control. An Trop Med Parasitol 78: 597-604.
35. WHO - World Health Organization 1990. Control of leishmaniasis. WHO Tech Rep Ser 793: 54
36. Zijlstra EE, Ali MS, El-Hassan AM, El-Toum IA, Satti M, Ghalib HW, Sondorp E, Winkler A 1991. Kalaazar in displaced people from southern Sudan: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic findings. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 365-369.