Diatom distribution in Southern Ocean surface sediments (Atlantic sector): Implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 129, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 213-250

  Zielinski, U ^a   Gersonde, R ^a  

^a ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Antarctic Ocean; Biogeography; Diatoms; Marine sediments; paleoenvironment; transfer functions

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOGRAPHY; DIATOM; DIATOMS; MARINE SEDIMENT; PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHY; PALAEOENVIRONMENT; PALAEOENVIRONMENTS; SEDIMENTS; SURFICIAL SEDIMENT;

SOUTHERN OCEAN;

EID: 0030621167     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00130-7     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. Abelmann, A. and Gersonde, R., 1991. Biosiliceous particle flux in the Southern Ocean. Mar. Chem., 35: 503-536.
2. Abelmann, A., Gersonde, R. and Spieß, V., 1990. Pliocene-Pleistocene paleoceanography in the Weddell Sea - Siliceous microfossil evidence. In: U. Bleil and J. Thiede (Editors), Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. NATO ASI Ser. C, 308: 729-759.
3. Amos, A. F., 1987. Physical oceanography of the western Bransfield Strait. Antarct. J. U.S., 22: 137-140.
4. Baldauf, J.G. and Barron, J.A., 1991. Diatom biostratigraphy: Kerguelen Plateau and Prydz bay regions of the Southern Ocean. Proc. ODP. Sci. Results, 119: 547-598.
5. Balech, E. and El-Sayed, S.Z., 1965. Microplankton of the Weddell Sea. In: G.A. Llano (Editor). Biology of the Antarctic Seas II. Antarct. Res. Ser., 5: 107-124.
6. Bárcena, M.A., Gersonde, R. and Bleil, U., 1996. Plio-Pleistocene diatoms at the boundary between Antarctic and Subtropic waters (Cape Basin, South Atlantic Ocean) - stratigraphic and paleoceanographic evidence. Mar. Micropaleontol. (in press).
7. Bareille, G., Labracherie. M., Labeyrie, L., Pichon, J.-J. and Turon, J.-L., 1991. Biogenic silica accumulation rate during the Holocene in the southeastern Indian Ocean. Mar. Chem., 35: 537-551.
8. Barnett, P.R.O., Watson, J. and Connelly, D., 1984. A multiple corer for taking virtually undisturbed samples from shelf, bathyal and abyssal sediments. Oceanol. Acta. 7(4): 399-408.
9. Bartsch, A., 1989. Die Eisalgenflora des Weddellmeeres (Antarktis): Artenzusammensetzung und Biomasse sowie Ökophysiologie ausgewählter Arten. Ber. Polarforsch. 63, 110 pp.
10. Burckle, L.H., 1981. Displaced Antarctic diatoms in the Amirante Passage. Mar. Geol., 39: M39-M43.
11. Burckle, L.H., 1984. Ecology and paleoecology of the marine diatom Eucampia antarctica (CASTR.) MANGIN. Mar. Micropaleontol., 9: 77-86.
12. Burckle, L.H. and Cooke, D.W., 1983. Late Pleistocene Eucampia antarctica abundance stratigraphy in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Micropaleontology, 29(1): 6-10.
13. Burckle, L.H. and Stanton, D., 1975. Distribution of displaced Antartic diatoms in the Argentine Basin. Nova Hedwigia, Beih., 53: 283-292.
14. Burckle, L.H., Jacobs, S.S. and McLaughlin, R.B., 1987. Late austral spring diatom distribution between New Zealand and the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica: Hydrographic and sediment correlations. Micropaleontology. 33(1): 74-81.
15. Burckle, L.H., Gersonde, R. and Abrams, N., 1990. Late Pliocene-Pleistocene paleoclimate in the Jane Basin region: ODP Site 697. Proc. ODP. Sci. Results, 113: 803-809.
16. Carmack, E.C., 1977. Water characteristics of the Southern Ocean south of the Polar Front. In: M.V. Angel (Editor), A Voyage of Discovery. Deep Sea Res., Suppl., 24: 15-41.
17. DeFelice, D.R. and Wise, S.W.J.R., 1981. Surface lithofacies, biofacies, and diatom diversity patterns as models for delineation of climatic change in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Micropaleontol., 6: 29-70.
18. DeMaster, D.J., 1981. The supply and accumulation of silica in the marine environment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 45: 1715-1732.
19. DeMaster, D.J., Nelson, T.M., Nittrouer, C.A. and Harded, S.L., 1987. Biogenic silica and organic carbon accumulation in modern Bransfield Strait sediments. Antarct. J. U.S., 22: 108-110.
20. Fenner, J., Schrader, H.-J. and Wienigk, H., 1976. Diatom Phytoplankton studies in the Southern Pacific Ocean, composition and correlation to the Antarctic Convergence and its paleoecological significance. Init. Rep. DSDP, 35: 757-813.
21. Fiala, M. and Oriol, L., 1990. Light-Temperature interactions on the growth of Antarctic diatoms. Polar Biol., 10: 629-636.
22. Foldvik, A. and Gammelsrød, T., 1988. Notes on Southern Ocean hydrography, sea ice and bottom water formation. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 67: 3-17.
23. Frenguelli, J. and Orlando, H.A., 1958. Diatomeas y Silicoflagelados del Sector Antartico Sudamericano. Inst. Antart. Argent. Buenos Aires 5, 191 pp.
24. Fryxell, G.A. and Hasle, G.R., 1980. The marine diatom Thalassiosira oestrupii: structure, taxonomy and distribution. Am. J. Bot., 67(5): 804-814.
25. Fryxell, G.A., Villareal, T.A. and Hoban, M.A., 1979. Thalassiosira scotia, sp. nov.: observations on a phytoplankton increase in early austral spring north of the Scotia Ridge. J. Plankton Res., 1: 355-370.
26. Fryxell, G.A., Sims, P.A. and Watkins, T.P., 1986. Azpeitia (Bacillariophyceae): Related genera and promorphology. Syst. Bot. Monogr., 13: 1-74.
27. Fütterer, D.K. and Melles, M., 1990. Sediment patterns in the Southern Weddell Sea: Filchner Shelf and Filchner Depression. In: U. Bleil and J. Thiede (Editors). Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. NATO ASI Ser. C, 308: 381-401.
28. Gersonde, R., 1986. Siliceous microorganisms in sea ice and their record in sediments of the southern Weddell Sea (Antarctica). In: M. Ricard (Editor). Proc. 8th Int. Diatom Symp., Paris, 1984. Koeltz, Königstein, pp. 549-566.
29. Gersonde, R., 1993. The Expedition ANTARKTIS X/5 of RV 'Polarstern' in 1992. Ber. Polarforsch., 131, 167 pp.
30. Gersonde, R. and Burckle, L.H., 1990. Neogene diatom biostratigraphy of ODP Leg 113, Weddell Sea (Antarctic Ocean). Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 113: 761-789.
31. Gersonde, R. and Wefer, G., 1987. Sedimentation of Biogenic Siliceous Particles in Antarctic Waters from the Atlantic Sector. Mar. Micropaleontol., 11: 311-332.
32. Gersonde, R. and Zielinski, U., 1997. Significance of diatoms as indicators of past Antarctic sea ice extent (in prep.).
33. Gordon, A.L. and Huber, B.A., 1984. Thermohaline stratification below the Southern Ocean sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 89(C1): 641-648.
34. Gordon, A.L. and Nowlin, W.D.J.R., 1978. The basin waters of the Bransfield Strait. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8: 258-264.
35. Gran, H.H., 1904. Die Diatomeen der arktischen Meere. Diatomeen des Planktons. Fauna Arct., 3: 511-554.
36. Hallegraeff, G.M., 1986. Taxonomy and morphology of the marine plankton diatoms Thalassionema and Thalassiothrix. Diatom Res., 1(1): 57-80.
37. Hargraves, P.E., 1968. Species Composition and Distribution of Net Plankton Diatoms in the Pacific Sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia Univ., 170 pp.
38. Hargraves, P.E. and French, F., 1983. Diatom resting spores: significance and strategies. In: G.A. Fryxell (Editor), Survival Strategies of the Algae. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 49-68.
39. Harwood, D.M. and Maruyama, T., 1991. Middle Eocene to Pleistocene diatom biostratigraphy of Southern Ocean sediments from Kerguelen Plateau. Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 120: 683-733.
40. Hasle, G.R., 1960. Phytoplankton and ciliate species from the tropical Pacific. Skr. Nor. Vidensk. Akad. Oslo, 2: 1-50.
41. Hasle, G.R., 1965a. Nitzschia and Fragilariopsis species studied in the light and electron microscopes. II. The Genus Pseudonitzschia. Skr. Nor. Vidensk.-Akad. Oslo, 18: 1-45.
42. Hasle, G.R., 1965b. Nitzschia and Fragilariopsis species studied in the light and electron microscopes. III. The Genus Fragilariopsis. Skr. Nor. Vidensk.-Akad. Oslo, 21: 1-49.
43. Hasle, G.R., 1969. An analysis of the phytoplankton of the Pacific Southern Ocean: abundance, composition and distribution during the Brategg Expedition, 1947-48. Hvalrådets Skr., 52: 1-168.
44. Hasle, G.R., 1973. Some marine plankton genera of the diatom family Thalassiosiraceae. Nova Hedwigia, Beih., 45: 1-49.
45. Hasle, G.R., 1976. The biogeography of some marine planktonic diatoms. Deep-Sea Res., 23: 319-338.
46. Hasle, G.R. and Heimdal, B.R., 1968. Morphology and distribution of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira antarctica Comber. J. R. Microsc. Soc., 88: 357-369.
47. Hasle, G.R. and De Mendiola, R.E., 1967. The fine structure of some Thalassionema and Thalassiothrix species. Phycologia, 6(2-3): 107-125.
48. Hasle, G.R. and Semina, H.J., 1987. The marine planktonic diatoms Thalassiothrix longissima and Thalassiothrix antarctica with comments on Thalassionema spp. and Synedra reinboldii. Diatom Res., 2(2): 175-192.
49. Hasle, G.R., Sims, P.A. and Syvertsen, E.E., 1988. Two recent Stellarima species: S. microtrias and S. stellaris (Bacillariophyceae). Bot. Mar., 31: 195-206.
50. Heiden, H. and Kolbe, R.W., 1928. Die marinen Diatomeen der deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. In: E. Drygalski (Editor), Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, Bd. 8. Botanik, Berlin, Leipzig, pp. 450-715.
51. Hellmer, H.H., Bersch, M., Augstein, E. and Grabemann, I., 1985. The Southern Ocean: A survey of Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Research Work. Ber. Polarforsch., 26, 115 pp.
52. Hendey, N.J., 1937. The plankton diatoms of Southern Seas. Discovery Rep., 16: 151-364.
53. Hoban, M.A., Fryxell, G.A. and Buck, K.R., 1980. Biddulphioid diatoms: Resting spores in Antarctic Eucampia and Odontella. J. Phycol., 16: 591-602.
54. Hustedt, F., 1930-1966. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz. In: L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora, Bd. 7, Die Kieselalgen, Vol. 1: 920 pp. (1930); Vol. 2: 845 pp. (1959); Vol. 3: 816 pp. (1961-1966).
55. Hustedt, F., 1930-1966. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz. In: L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora, Bd. 7, Die Kieselalgen, Vol. 1: 920 pp. (1930); Vol. 2: 845 pp. (1959); Vol. 3: 816 pp. (1961-1966).
56. Hustedt, F., 1930-1966. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz. In: L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora, Bd. 7, Die Kieselalgen, Vol. 1: 920 pp. (1930); Vol. 2: 845 pp. (1959); Vol. 3: 816 pp. (1961-1966).
57. Hustedt, F., 1958. Diatomeen aus der Antarktis und dem Südatlantik. Dtsch. Antarkt. ExpEditor 1938/39, 2: 103-191.
58. Hutson, W.H., 1980. The Agulhas Current during the Late Pleistocene; Analysis of modern faunal analogs. Science, 207: 64-66.
59. Imbrie, J. and Kipp, N.G., 1971. A new micropaleontological method for Quantitative Paleoclimatology: Application to a late Pleistocene Caribbean Core. In: K.K. Turekian (Editor). The Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, pp. 71-181.
60. Jaques, G., 1983. Some ecophysiological aspects of the Antarctic phytoplankton. Polar Biol., 2: 27-33.
61. Johansen, J.R. and Fryxell, G.A., 1985. The genus Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyceae): studies on species occurring south of the Antarctic Convergence Zone. Phycologia, 24(2): 155-179.
62. Johansen, J.R., Doucette, G.J. and Fryxell, G.A., 1985. The genus Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyceae): Morphology of heterovalvate resting spores of T. scotia. Am. J. Bot., 72(12): 1861-1870.
63. Jones, G.A. and Johnson, D.A., 1984. Displaced Antarctic diatoms in Vema Channel sediments: Late Pleistocene, Holocene fluctuations in AABW flow. Mar. Geol., 58: 165-186.
64. Jordan, R.W., Ligowski, R., Nöthig, E.-M. and Priddle, J., 1991. The diatom genus Proboscia in Antarctic waters. Diatom Res., 6(1): 63-78.
65. Jousé, A.P., Kozlova, O.G. and Muhina, V.V., 1971. Distribution of diatoms in the surface layer of sediment from the Pacific Ocean. In: B.M. Funnell and W.R. Riedel (Editors), The Micropaleontology of the Oceans. Cambridge Univ. Press, London, pp. 263-268.
66. Kaczmarska, I. and Fryxell, G.A., 1996. Alveus, gen. nov. (Bacillariaceae, Bacillariophyta): a heavily silicified diatom found in warm water oceans. Microsc. Res. Tech., 33: 2-11.
67. Kaczmarska, I., Barbrick, N.E., Ehrman, J.M. and Cant, G.P., 1993. Eucampia Index as an Indicator of the Late Pleistocene oscillations of the winter sea-ice extent at the ODP Leg 119 Site 745B at the Kerguelen Plateau. Hydrobiologia, 269-270: 103-112.
68. Kellogg, D.E. and Kellogg, T.B., 1987. Microfossil distributions in modern Amundsen Sea sediments. Mar. Micropaleontol., 12: 203-222.
69. Kemp, A.E.S. and Baldauf, J.G., 1993. Vast Neogene laminated diatom mat deposits from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 362: 141-144.
70. Kemp, A.E.S., Baldauf, J.G. and Pearce, R.B., 1995. Origins and paleoceanographic significance of laminated diatom ooze from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 138: 641-645.
71. Klöser, H., 1990. Verteilung von Mikroplankton-Organismen nordwestlich der Antarktischen Halbinsel unter dem Einfluß sich ändernder Umweltbedingungen im Herbst. Ber. Polarforsch., 77, 255 pp.
72. Koç Karpuz, N. and Jansen, E., 1992. A high-resolution diatom record of the last deglaciation from the SE Norwegian Sea: Documentation of rapid climatic changes. Paleoceanography, 7(4): 499-520.
73. Kozlova, O.G., 1962. Species composition of diatoms from waters of the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic. Tr. Inst. Oceanol., 61: 3-18 (in Russian with English abstract).
74. Kozlova, O.G., 1964. Diatoms of the Indian and Pacific Sectors of the Antarctic. Published for the National Science Foundation, Washington D.C. by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (1966), 191 pp.
75. Kuhn, G. and Dunker, E., 1994. Der Minicorer, ein Gerät zur Beprobung der Sediment/Bodenwasser-Grenze. Greifswalder Geowiss. Beitr., Reihe A, 2: 99-100.
76. Lange, C.B., Treppke, U.F. and Fischer, G., 1994. Seasonal diatom fluxes in the Guinea Basin and their relationships to trade winds, hydrography and upwelling events. Deep-Sea Res., 41(5-6): 859-878.
77. Laws, R.A., 1983. Preparing strewn slides for quantitative microscopical analysis: A test using calibrated microspheres. Micropaleontology, 29(1): 60-65.
78. Leventer, A., 1991. Sediment trap diatom assemblages from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. Deep-Sea Res., 38(8-9): 1127-1143.
79. Leventer, A., 1992. Modern distribution of diatoms in sediments from the George V Coast, Antarctica. Mar. Micropaleontol., 19: 315-332.
80. Leventer, A. and Dunbar, R.B., 1988. Recent Diatom record of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for history of sea ice extent. Paleoceanography, 3(3): 259-274.
81. Lien, R., Solheim, A., Elverhøi, A. and Rokoengen, K., 1989. Iceberg scouring and sea bed morphology on the eastern Weddell Sea shelf, Antarctica. Polar Res., 7: 43-57.
82. Lisitzin, A.P., 1985. The silica cycle during the last ice age. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 50: 241-270.
83. Lutjeharms, J.R.E., 1985. Location of frontal systems between Africa and Antarctica: some preliminary results. Deep-Sea Res., 32(12): 1499-1509.
84. Lutjeharms, J.R.E. and Valentine, H.R., 1984. Southern Ocean thermal fronts south of Africa. Deep-Sea Res., 31(12): 1461-1475.
85. Lutjeharms, J.R.E., Walters, N.M. and Allanson, B.R., 1985. Oceanic frontal systems and biological enhancement. In: W.R. Siegfried, P.R. Condy and R.M. Laws (Editors), Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webbs. Springer, Berlin, pp. 11-21.
86. Moreno-Ruiz, J.L. and Licea, S., 1995. Observations on the valve morphology of Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Hustedt. In: D. Marino and M. Montresor (Editors), Proc. 13th Int. Diatom Symp., Maratea, Italy, 1994, Biopress Ltd., Bristol, pp. 393-413.
87. Nelson, D.M. and Gordon, L.L. 1982. Production and pelagic dissolution of biogenic silica in the Southern Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46: 491-501.
88. Nelson, D.M., Tréguer, P., Brzezinski, M.A., Leynaert, A. and Quéguiner, B., 1995. Production and dissolution of biogenic silica in the ocean: Revised global estimates, comparison with regional data and relationship to biogenic sedimentation. Global Biogeochem. Cycle, 9(3): 359-372.
89. Nöthig, E.M., 1988. Untersuchungen zur Ökologie des Phytoplanktons im Südöstlichen Weddellmeer (Antarktis) im Januar/Februar 1985. Ber. Polarforsch., 53, 118 pp.
90. Olbers, D., Gouretski, V., Seiß, G. and Schröter, J., 1992. Hydrographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Alfred Wegener Inst., Bremerhaven, 82 pp.
91. Orsi, A.H., 1993. On the Extent and Frontal Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Ph.D. Thesis, Texas A&M Univ., 75 pp.
92. Peragallo, M., 1921. Diatomées d'eau douce et diatomées d'eau salée. Deuxiéme expédition antarctique francaise (1908-1910). Sci. Nat. Doc. Squientifiques, Paris, 107 pp.
93. Peterson, R.G. and Stramma, L., 1991. Upper-lever circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 26: 1-73.
94. Peterson, R.G. and Whitworth III, T., 1989. The subantarctic and polar fronts in relation to deep water masses through the Southwestern Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res., 94: 10,817-10,838.
95. Pichon, J.J., Labracherie, M., Labeyrie, L.D. and Duprat, J., 1987. Transfer functions between diatom assemblages and surface hydrology in the Southern Ocean. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 61: 79-95.
96. Pichon, J.J., Labeyrie, L.D., Bareille, G., Labracherie, M., Duprat, J. and Jouzel, J., 1992. Surface water temperature changes in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere over the last glacial interglacial cycle. Paleoceanography, 7(3): 289-318.
97. Pokras, E.M. and Molfino, B., 1986. Oceanographic control of diatom abundances and species distributions in surface sediments of the Tropical and Southeast Atlantic. Mar. Micropaleontol., 10: 165-188.
98. Sancetta, C., 1979. Oceanography of the North Pacific during the last 18,000 years: Evidence from fossil diatoms. Mar. Micropaleontol., 4: 103-123.
99. Sancetta, C., Heusser, L. and Hall, M.A., 1992. Late Pliocene climate in the Southeast Atlantic: Preliminary results from a multi-disciplinary study of DSDP Site 532. Mar. Micropaleontol., 20(1): 59-75.
100. Scharek, R., 1991. Die Entwicklung des Phytoplanktons im östlichen Weddellmeer (Antarktis) beim Übergang vom Spätwinter zum Frühjahr. Ber. Polarforsch., 94, 195 pp.
101. Schrader, H.J. and Gersonde, R., 1978. Diatoms and Silicoflagellates. In: W.J. Zachariasse et al. (Editors). Micropaleontological Counting Methods and Techniques - An Exercise on an Eight Metres Section of the Lower Pliocene of Capo Rossello. Sicily. Utrecht Micropaleontol. Bull., 17: 129-176.
102. Schrader, H.J. and Koç Karpuz, N.K., 1990. Norwegian-Iceland seas: Transfer functions between marine planktic diatoms and surface water temperature. In: U. Bleil and J. Thiede (Editors), Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. NATO ASI Ser. C, 308: 337-361.
103. Schrader, H.J. and Schütte, G., 1981. Marine Diatoms. In: C. Emiliani (Editor). The Sea, Vol. 7, The Oceanic Lithosphere. pp.1179-1232.
104. Schuelte, G. and Schrader, H., 1981. Diatom taphocoenoses in the coastal upwelling area off South West Africa. Mar. Micropaleontol., 6: 131-155.
105. Sea Ice Climatic Atlas. 1985. Vol. 1, Antarctic. Prepared by Naval Oceanography Command Detachment, Asheville, NSTL, 131 pp.
106. Shemesh, A., Burckle, L.H. and Froelich, P.N., 1989. Dissolution and Preservation of Antarctic Diatoms and the Effect on Sediment Thanatocoenoses. Quat. Res., 31: 288-308.
107. Simonsen, R., 1974. The Diatom Plankton of the Indian Ocean Expedition of R/V Meteor 1964-1965. Meteor Forsch.-Ergeb., Reihe D, 19: 1-107.
108. Sundström, B.G., 1986. The Marine Diatom Genus Rhizosolenia. A New Approach to the Taxonomy. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Lund, 196 pp.
109. Syvertsen, E.E., 1979. Resting spore formation in clonal cultures of Thalussiosira antarctica COMBER, T. nordenskioeldii Cleve and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Nova Hedwegia, Beih., 64: 41-64.
110. Tanimura, Y., 1992. Distribution of diatom species in the surface sediments of Lützow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. In: K. Ishizaki and T. Saito (Editors). Centenary of Jpn. Micropaleontol., pp. 399-411.
111. Tanimura, Y., Fukuchi, M., Watanabe, K. and Moriwaki, K., 1990. Diatoms in water column and sea-ice in Lützow-Holm Bay, Antarctica, and their preservation in the underlying sediments. Bull. Natl. Sci Mus., Tokyo, Ser. C, 16(1): 15-39.
112. Tréguer, P. and Jaques, G., 1992. Dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton, and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and silicon in the Antarctic Ocean. Polar Biol., 12: 149-162.
113. Tréguer, P. and Van Bennekom, A.J., 1991. The annual production of biogenic silica in the Antarctic Ocean. Mar. Chem., 35: 477-487.
114. Tréguer, P., Nelson, D.M., Van Bennekom, A.J., DeMaster, D.L., Leynaert, A. and Quéguiner, B., 1995. The silica balance in the world ocean: a reestimate. Science, 268: 375-379.
115. Treppke, U.F., 1996. Saisonalität im Diatomeen- und Silikoflagellatenfluß im Östlichen Tropischen und Subtropischen Atlantik. Ber. Fachbereich Geowiss. Univ. Bremen, 74, 200 pp.
116. Treppke, U.F., Lange, C.B., Donner, B., Fischer, G., Ruhland, G. and Wefer, G., 1996. Diatom and silicoflagellate fluxes at the Walvis Ridge: an environment influenced by coastal upwelling in the Benguela System. J. Mar. Res. (in press).
117. Truesdale, R.S. and Kellogg, T.B., 1979. Ross Sea Diatoms: Modern assemblage distributions and their relationship to ecologic, oceanographic, and sedimentary conditions. Mar. Micropaleontol., 4: 13-31.
118. Tucholke, B.E. and Embley, R.W., 1984. Cenozoic regional erosion of the abyssal sea floor off South Africa. In: J.S. Schlee (Editor). Interregional Unconformities and Hydrocarbon Accumulation. AAPG Mem., 36: 145-164.
119. Van Bennekom, A.J., Berger, G.W., Van der Gaast, S.J. and De Vries, R.T.P., 1988. Primary productivity and the silica cycle in the Southern Ocean (Atlantic Sector). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 67: 19-30.
120. Van der Spoel, S., Hallegraeff, G.M. and Van Soest, R.W.M., 1973. Notes on variation of diatoms and silicoflagellates in the South Atlantic Ocean. Neth. J. Sea Res., 6(4): 518-541.
121. Van Heurck, H., 1909. Diatomées. - Resultats du Voyage du S.Y. 'Belgica' en 1897-1899. Rapports Scientifiques. Botaniques, 126 pp.
122. Villareal, T.A. and Fryxell, G.A., 1983. Temperature effects on the valve structure of the bipolar diatoms Thalussiosira antarctica and Porosira glacialis. Polar Biol., 2: 163-169.
123. Weber, M., 1992. Spätquartäre Sedimentation am Kontinentalrand des Südöstlichen Weddellmeeres. Antarkt. Polarforsch., 109, 165 pp.
124. Wefer, G., Fischer, G., Fütterer, D.K., Gersonde, R., Honjo, S. and Ostermann, D., 1990. Particle sedimentation and productivity in Antarctic waters of the Atlantic Sector. In: U. Bleil and J. Thiede (Editors), Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. NATO ASI Ser. C, 308: 363-379.
125. Zielinski, U., 1993. Quantitative Bestimmung von Paläoumweltparametern des Antarktischen Oberflächenwassers im Spätquartär anhand von Transferfunktionen mit Diatomeen. Ber. Polarforsch., 126, 148 pp. (in German with English abstract)