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Volumn 275, Issue 5299, 1997, Pages 521-523

Niobium/uranium evidence for early formation of the continental crust

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NIOBIUM; URANIUM;

EID: 0030621126     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5299.521     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (114)

References (34)
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    • Incompatible elements are those that partition into the melt phase rather than solid residue during a partial melting event. They have bulk partition coefficients, concentration ratios of an element in the solid residue divided by that in the melt, less than unity.
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    • 232Th ratios, are lower than those of OIBs (11). Thus, if the Nb/U ratios of MORB and OIB mantle sources are the same, as seems probable (1), then their Nb/Th ratios must be different. There is thus considerable uncertainty as to whether the Nb/Th ratio of an ancient basalt reflects crystal extraction alone or has also been affected by whatever process created the Nb/Th differences in the MORB and OIB sources.
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    • C. J. Allegre, B. Dupre, E. Lewin, Chem. Gaol. 56, 219 (1986); C. Hemond, C. W. Devy, C. Chauvel, ibid. 115, 7 (1994); K. W. W. Sims et al., Science 267, 508 (1995).
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    • M. T. McCulloch and G. J. Wasserburg, Science 200, 1003 (1978); B. K. Nelson and D. J. DePaolo, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 96, 746 (1985); P. J. Patchett and N. T. Arndt, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 78, 329 (1986); W. Abouchami, M. Boher, A. Michard, F. Albarede, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 17605 (1990).
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    • in press
    • S. M. Eggins et al., Chem. Geol., in press. In this method of ICPMS, enriched isotope spikes of Li, Sr, Sm, and U are used as internal standards to correct for signal drift. Concentrations of Li, Sr, Sm, and U are determined in the sample unknowns but, unlike in conventional isotope dilution, the measurement is done by external calibration after the contribution of the spike to the normal primary isotope of the element is removed by blank subtraction.
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    • Eggins, S.M.1
  • 26
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    • note
    • A single crustal contaminant cannot produce the two types of enriched basalts. Although Paringa and Devon Consuls basalts have different Nb/U, Nb/Th, La/Sm, and Th/La ratios, consistent with different amounts of crustal contamination by a single contaminant, concentrations of Nb and Sm in the two basalt types are about the same, inconsistent with this interpretation.
  • 27
    • 15144359675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 144Nd ratio of a magmatic rock from the chondritic value at the time the rock crystallized.
  • 28
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    • note
    • Nd of +3.
  • 29
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    • note
    • Lead isotopes are a more sensitive gauge of crustal contamination than Nd and hence, in principle, could be used to distinguish between a primitive mantle and contamination origin for the low Nb/U end-member. Unfortunately, primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams for Lunnon basalts are characterized by large positive Pb anomalies, suggesting enrichment in Pb during secondary alteration. Concentrations of Rb, Ba, and Sr, which could provide information about the low Nb/U end-member as well, also have been affected by secondary processes.
  • 31
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    • unpublished data
    • M. Ghaderi, unpublished data.
    • Ghaderi, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.