Lower Eocene alluvial paleosols: Pedogenic development, stratigraphic relationships, and paleosol/landscape associations

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 129, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 387-406

  Kraus, Mary J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Alluvial soils; Catenas; Ferruginous soils; Floodplains; Hydromorphic soils; Paleosols

Indexed keywords

ALLUVIAL DEPOSIT; CATENA; EOCENE; FLOODPLAIN; PALAEOSOL;

USA, WYOMING, BIGHORN BASIN, SAND COULEE;

EID: 0030620967     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00056-9     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Alonso Zarza, A.M., Wright, V.P., Calvo, J.P. and Garcia del Cura, M.A., 1992. Soil -landscape and climatic relationships in the middle Miocene of the Madrid Basin. Sedimentology, 39: 17-35.
2. Behrensmeyer, A.K., Willis, B.J. and Quade, J., 1995. Flood-plains and paleosols of Pakistan Neogene and Wyoming Paleogene deposits: a comparative study. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 115: 37-60.
3. Besly, B.M. and Fielding, C.R., 1989. Palaeosols in Westphalian coal-bearing and red-bed sequences, central and northern England. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 70: 303-330.
4. Birkeland, P.W., 1984. Soils and Geomorphology. Oxford University Press, New York.
5. Biscaye, P.E., 1965. Mineralogy and sedimentation of recent deep-sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas and oceans. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 76: 803-832.
6. Blodgett, R.H., 1988. Calcareous paleosols in the Triassic Dolores Formation, southwestern Colorado. In: J. Reinhardt and W.R. Sigleo (Editors), Paleosols and Weathering Through Geologic Time. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 216: 103-121.
7. Blume, H.P. and Schwertmann, U., 1969. Genetic evaluation of profile distributions of aluminum, iron, and manganese oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 33: 438-444.
8. Bown, T.M., 1980. Summary of latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary, tectonic, and erosional events, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. In: P.D. Gingerich ( Editor), Early Cenozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Univ. Mich. Pap. Paleontol., 24: 25-32.
9. Bown, T.M. and Kraus, M.J., 1987. Integration of channel and floodplain suites in aggrading fluvial systems. I. Developmental sequence and lateral relations of lower Eocene alluvial paleosols, Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin. Wyoming. J. Sediment. Petrol., 57: 587-601.
10. Bridge, J.S. and Leeder, M.R., 1979. A simulation model of alluvial stratigraphy. Sedimentology, 26: 599-623.
11. Bridges, E.M., 1973. Some characteristics of alluvial soils in the Trent Valley, England: In: E. Schlichting and U. Schwertmann (Editors), Pseudogley and Gley. Soil Sci. Soc. Trans., 5th and 6th Comm., pp. 247-253.
12. Bryant, M., Falk, P. and Paola, C., 1995. Experimental study of avulsion frequency and rate of deposition. Geology, 23: 365-368.
13. Butler, R.F., Gingerich, P.D. and Lindsey, E.H., 1981. Magnetic polarity stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Paleocene and lower Eocene continental deposits, Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming. J. Geol., 89: 299-316.
14. Couto, W., Sanzonowicz, C. and Barcellos, A. de O., 1985. Factors affecting oxidation - reduction processes in an Oxisol with a seasonal water table. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49: 1245-1248.
15. Daniels, R.B. and Hammer, R.D., 1992. Soil Geomorphology. Wiley, New York.
16. Daniels, R.B., Gamble, E.E. and Nelson, L.A., 1971. Relations between soil morphology and water-table levels on a dissected North Carolina coastal plain surface. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 35: 157-175.
17. Duchaufour, P., 1982. Pedology. Allen & Unwin, London.
18. Fastovsky, D.E. and McSweeney, K., 1987. Paleosols spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition, eastern Montana and western North Dakota. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 99: 66-77.
19. Harland, W.B., Armstrong, R.L., Cox, A.V., Craig, L.E., Smith, A.G. and Smith, D.G., 1989. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
20. Kampf, N. and Schwertmann, U., 1982. Goethite and hematite in a climosequence in southern Brazil and their application in classification of kaolinitic soils. Geoderma. 29: 27-39.
21. Kraus, M.J., 1987, Integration of channel and floodplain suites, II. Lateral relations of alluvial paleosols. J. Sediment. Petrol., 57: 602-612.
22. Kraus, M.J., 1996. Avulsion deposits in lower Eocene alluvial rocks, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. J. Sediment. Res., 66B: 354-363.
23. Kraus, M.J. and Aslan, A., 1993. Eocene hydromorphic paleosols: significance for interpreting ancient floodplain processes. J. Sediment. Petrol., 63: 453-463.
24. Kraus, M.J. and Bown, T.M., 1993. Short-term sediment accumulation rates determined from Eocene alluvial paleosols. Geology, 21: 743-746.
25. Macedo, J. and Bryant, R.B., 1987. Morphology, mineralogy, and genesis of a hydrosequence of Oxisols in Brazil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 51: 690-698.
26. Macedo, J. and Bryant, R.B., 1989. Preferential microbial reduction of hematite over goethite in a Brazilian Oxisol. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 53: 1114-1118.
27. Mackey, S.D. and Bridge, J.S., 1995. Three-dimensional model of alluvial stratigraphy: theory and application. J. Sediment. Res., B65: 7-31.
28. Marriott, S.B. and Wright, V.P., 1993. Palaeosols as indicators of geomorphic stability in two Old Red Sandstone alluvial suites, South Wales. J. Geol. Soc. London, 150: 1109-1120.
29. Nikiforoff. C.C., 1949. Weathering and soil evolution. Soil Sci., 67: 219-223.
30. Obradovich, J.D., 1988. A different perspective on glauconite as a chronometer for geologic time scale studies. Paleoceanography. 3: 757-770.
31. PiPujol, M.D. and Buurman, P., 1994. The distinction between ground-water gley and surface-water gley phenomena in Tertiary paleosols of the Ebro basin, NE Spain. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 110: 103-113.
32. Pizzuto, J.E., 1987. Sediment diffusion during overbank flows. Sedimentology, 34: 301-317.
33. Platt, N.H. and Keller, B., 1992. Distal alluvial deposits in a foreland basin setting - the Lower Freshwater Molasse (Lower Miocene), Switzerland: sedimentology, architecture and palaeosols. Sedimentology, 39: 545-565.
34. Retallack, G.J., 1991. Untangling the effects of burial alteration and ancient soil formation. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 19: 183-206.
35. Reynolds, R.C., Jr. and Hower, J., 1970. The nature of interlayering in mixed-layer illite - montmorillonites. Clays Clay Miner., 18: 25-36.
36. Schwertmann, U., 1985. Occurrence and formation of iron oxides in various pedoenvironments. In: J.W. Stucki, B.A. Goodman and U. Schwertmann (Editors), Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals. NATO ASI Series C, 217: 267-308.
37. Schwertmann, U., 1993. Relations between iron oxides, soil color, and soil formation. In: J.M. Bigham and E.J. Ciolkosz (Editors), Soil Color. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Spec. Publ., 31: 51-69.
38. Simonson, G.H. and Boersma, L., 1972. Soil morphology and water table relations: II. Correlation between annual water table fluctuations and profile features. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36: 649-653.
39. Smith, N.D., Cross, T.A., Dufficy, J.P. and Clough S.R., 1989. Anatomy of an avulsion. Sedimentology, 36: 1-24.
40. Smith, R.M.H., 1990. Alluvial paleosols and pedofacies sequences in the Permian Lower Beaufort of the southwestern Karoo Basin, South Africa. J. Sediment. Petrol, 60: 258-276.
41. Stolt, M.H., Ogg, C.M. and Baker, J.C., 1994. Strongly contrasting redoximorphic patterns in Virginia Valley and Ridge paleosols. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58: 477-484.
42. Torrent, J., Schwertmann, U. and Schulze, D.G., 1980. Iron mineralogy of some soils in two river terrace sequences in Spain. Geoderma, 23: 191-208.
43. Vepraskas, M.J., 1994. Redoximorphic features for identifying aquic conditions. N. C. Agric. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull., 301.
44. Walker, T.R., 1967. Formation of red beds in modern and ancient deserts. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 78: 353-368.
45. Willis, B.J. and Behrensmeyer, A.K., 1994. Architecture of Miocene overbank deposits in northern Pakistan. J. Sediment. Res., B64: 60-67.
46. Wing, S.L., 1981. A study of paleoecology and paleobotany in the Willwood Formation (early Eocene, Wyoming). Thesis, Yale Univ.
47. Wing, S.L. and Greenwood, D.R., 1993. Fossils and fossil climate: the case for equable continental interiors in the Eocene: In: J.R.L. Allen, B.J. Hoskins, B.W. Sellwood and R.A. Spicer (Editors), Palaeoclimates and their Modelling with Special Reference to the Mesozoic Era. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B, 341: 243-252.
48. Wing, S.L., Bown, T.M. and Obradovich, J.D., 1991. Early Eocene biotic and climatic change in interior western North America: Geology, 19: 1189-1192.
49. Wright, V.P., 1992, Paleopedology: stratigraphic relationships and empirical models. In: I.P. Martini and W. Chesworth (Editors), Weathering, Soils and Paleosols. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 475-499.
50. Wright, V.P. and Robinson, D., 1988. Early Carboniferous floodplain deposits from South Wales: a case study of the controls on palaeosol development. J. Geol. Soc. London, 145: 847-857.
51. Yaalon. D.H., 1971. Soil-forming processes in time and space. In: D.H. Yaalon (Editor), Paleopedology. Israel Univ. Press, Jerusalem, pp. 29-39.