Lateritic bauxite in central Germany and implications for Miocene palaeoclimate

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 129, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 37-50

  Schwarz, Torsten ^a  

^a TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

bauxite; laterite; Miocene; palaeoclimate; volcanism; weathering

Indexed keywords

BAUXITE; LATERITE; MIOCENE; PALAEOCLIMATE; VOLCANISM; WEATHERING;

GERMANY, HESSE, VOGELSBERG;

EID: 0030620931     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00065-X     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Alpers, C.N. and Brimhall, G.H., 1988. Middle Miocene climatic change in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile: Evidence from supergene mineralization at La Escondida. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100: 1640-1656.
2. Altemüller, H.J. and Poetsch, T., 1984. Zur Mikromorphologie der Bodenbildung aus basaltischem Zersatzmaterial. Mitt. Dtsch. Bodenkd. Ges., 39: 61-66.
3. Arehart, G.B. and O'Neil, J.R., 1993. D/H ratios of supergene alunite as an indicator of paleoclimate in continental settings. In: P.K. Swart et al. (Editors), Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records (Geophys. Monogr., 78). AGU, Washington, pp. 277-284.
4. 13C of marine phytoplankton organic matter. EOS Trans. AGU, 72: 166.
5. Bardossy, G., 1994. Carboniferous to Jurassic bauxite deposits as paleoclimatic and paleogeographic indicators. Can. Soc. Pet. Geol. Mem., 17: 283-293.
6. Bardossy, G. and Dercourt, J., 1990. Les gisements de bauxites téthysiens (Méditerranée, Proche et Moyen Orient); cadre paléogéographique et contrôles génétiques. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 6: 869-888.
7. Bargon, E. and Rambow, D., 1966. Ein lößbedecktes Lateritprofil in Nordhessen. Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges., 116: 1014-1019.
8. 2 over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci., 294: 56-91.
9. 2 and climate. In: A.F. White and S.L. Brantley (Editors), Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals. Rev. Mineral., 31: 565-583.
10. Bestland, E.A., Retallack, G.J., Rice, A. and Mindszenty, A., 1994. Detrital lateritic paleosols developed along the margins of lava flows; examples from the late Eocene Clarno and John Day formations, Painted Hills area, central Oregon. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. with Program, 26: 38.
11. 2. In: A.F. Bouwman (Editor), Soils and the Greenhouse Effect. Wiley, New York, pp. 383-389.
12. Birkenhauer, J., 1970. Der Klimagang im Rheinischen Schiefergebirge und in seinem näheren und weiteren Umland zwischen dem Mitteltertiär und dem Beginn des Pleistozäns. Erdkunde, 24: 268-284.
13. Blanck, E., Melville, R. and Welte, E., 1942. Roterdebildung auf Zechsteinkalk und devonischem Massenkalk im Gebiet West-Deutschlands. In: E. Blanck and R. Melville (Editors), Untersuchungen über die rezente und fossile Verwitterung der Gesteine innerhalb Deutschlands, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der alten Landoberflächenbildungen der deutschen Mittelgebirgsländer. Chem. Erde, 14: 272-311.
14. 86Sr with global glaciation. Nature, 373: 415-418.
15. Brimhall, G.H. and Dietrich, W.E., 1987. Constitutive mass balance relations between chemical composition, volume, density, porosity, and strain in metasomatic hydrochemical systems: Results on weathering and pedogenesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51: 567-587.
16. Brindley, G.W., Souza Santos, P. de and Souza Santos, H. de, 1963. Mineralogical studies of kaolinite-halloysite clays. Part 1: Identification problems. Am. Mineral., 48: 897-910.
17. Bühmann, D., 1974. Die Tonmineralzusammensetzung in den Sedimenten der Niederhessischen Senke als Indikator festländischer Verwitterung und brackisch-mariner Tonmineralneubildung. Thesis. Univ. Göttingen, 60 pp.
18. Cummings, M.L. and Fassio, D.M., 1990. Geochemistry and mineralogy of ferriginous bauxite developed from basalt flows in the Pacific Northwest, USA. In: Geochemistry of the Earth's Surface and of Mineral Formation, 2nd Int. Symp., Aix en Provence, 1990. Chem. Geol., 84: 40-41.
19. D'Argenio, B. and Mindszenty, A., 1995. Bauxites and related paleokarst: Tectonic and climatic event markers at regional unconformities. Eclogae Geol. Helv., 88: 453-499.
20. Dejou, J. and Chesworth, W., 1979. New observations on the geochemical weathering of Miocene basalts of the Aurillac Basin (Cantal). Fersiallitic nature of the evolution and paleoclimatic implications. C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser. D, 288: 295-298.
21. Diederich, G. and Ehrenberg, K.H., 1977. Erläuterungen zur Geologischen Karte 1:25000, Blatt Nr. 5721 Gelnhausen. Hess. L.-Amt. Bodenforsch., Wiesbaden, 256 pp.
22. Ehrenberg, K.H., Fromm, K., Grubbe, K., Harre, W., Hentschel, G., Hölting, B., Holtz, S., Kreuzer, H., Meisl, S., Nöring, F., Plaumann, S., Pucher, R., Strecker, G., Susic, M. and Zschau, H.J., 1979. Forschungsbohrungen im Hohen Vogelsberg (Hessen), Bohrung 1 (Flösser-Schneise), Bohrung 2/2A (Hasselborn). Geol. Abh. Hessen, 81, 166 pp.
23. Ehrmann, W.U. and Mackensen, A., 1992. Sedimentological evidence for the formation of an East Antarctic ice sheet in Eocene/Oligocene time. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 93: 85-112.
24. Engel, E.R., 1992. Palynologische Evidenz klimarelevanter Ereignisse in miozänen Sedimenten des Nordatlantiks. Geol. Jahrb., A 125: 3-139.
25. Eyles, V.A., 1952. The composition and origin of the Antrim latentes and bauxites. Mem. Geol. Surv. N. Ireland, pp. 1-85.
26. Flower, B.P. and Kennett, J.P., 1993. Relations between Monterey Formation deposition and Middle Miocene global cooling: Naples Beach section, California. Geology, 21: 877-880.
27. Flower, B.P. and Kennett, J.P., 1993. Middle Miocene ocean-climate transition; high-resolution oxygen and carbon isotopic records from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 588A, Southern Pacific. Paleoceanography, 8: 811-843.
28. Flower, B.P. and Kennett, J.P., 1994. The middle Miocene climatic transition; East Antarctic ice sheet development, deep ocean circulation and global carbon cycling. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 108: 537-555.
29. Frakes, L.-A., Probst, J.-L. and Ludwig, W., 1994. Latitudinal distribution of paleotemperature on land and sea. C.R. Acad. Sci., 318: 1209-1218.
30. Friedrich-Lautz, I., 1963. Zusammensetzung und Entstehung der Brauneisenerzlagerstätten in den Tagebauen der Gewerkschaft Louise bei Merlau/Oberhessen. Notizbl. Hess. L.-Amt. Bodenforsch., 91: 277-317.
31. 39Ar-Stufenentgasungstechnik. Geol. Jahrb. Hessen, 115: 245-257.
32. Germann, K., Schwarz, T. and Wipki, M., 1994. Mineral deposit formation in Phanerozoic basins of NE-Africa - the contribution of weathering. Geol. Rundsch., 83: 787-798.
33. Germann, K., Wipki, M. and Schwarz, T., 1993. CambroOrdovician bauxitic laterites of NW-Sudan. In: U. Thorweihe and H. Schandelmeier (Editors), Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 335-340.
34. Harrassowitz, H., 1921. Die Bauxitlagerstätten des Vogelsberges. Metall Erz N.F., 9: 567-576.
35. Harrassowitz, H., 1922. Die Entstehung der oberhessischen Bauxite und ihre geologische Bedeutung. Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges., 73: 179-192.
36. Harrassowitz, H., 1924. Aluminium-Lagerstätten. Metall Erz, NF 12: 42-48.
37. Harrassowitz, H., 1926. Laterit. Material und Versuch erdgeschichtlicher Deutung. Fortschr. Geol. Palaeontol., 4: 253-566.
38. Harre, W., Kreuzer, H., Müller, P., Pucher, R. and Schricke, W., 1975. Datierungen nach der K/Ar-Methode und Paläomagnetik. In: Erl. Geol. Karte Hessen 1:25,000, Blatt 5319 Londorf. Hess. L.-Amt. Bodenforsch., Wiesbaden, pp. 67-73.
39. Harris, N., 1995. Significance of weathering Himalayan metasedimentary rocks and leucogranites for the Sr isotope evolution of seawater during early Miocene. Geology, 23: 795.
40. Heim, D., 1971. Lateritische Basaltverwitterung und Bauxit im Bereiche der Wetterau-Schwelle. Abh. Hess. L.-Amt. Bodenforsch., 60: 251-257.
41. Hodell, D.A. and Woodruff, F., 1994. Variations in the Strontium isotopic ratio of seawater during the Miocene: Stratigraphic and geochemical implications. Paleoceanography, 9: 405-426.
42. Hodges, K.V., Parrish, R., Housch, T., Lux, D. and Chen, Z., 1992. Simultaneous Miocene extension and shortening in the Himalayan Orogen. Science, 258: 1466-1470.
43. Hooper, P.R., 1990. The timing of crustal extension and the eruption of continental flood basalts. Nature, 345: 246-249.
44. Hottenrott, M., 1988. Palynologie, Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie im Tertiär von Mittelhessen und Umgebung. Geol. Jahrb. Hessen, 116: 113-168.
45. Kennett, J.P. and Borch, C.C. v. d., 1986. Southwest Pacific Cenozoic paleocenography. Init. Rep. DSDP, 90: 1493-1517.
46. 2 released during early Cenozoic regional metamorphism in the Tethyan orogen. Chem. Geol., 108: 201-230.
47. Kutscher, F., 1954. Die Verwitterungsrinde der voroligozänen Landoberfläche und tertiäre Ablagerungen im östlichen Hunsrück (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Notizbl. Hess. L.-Amt. Bodenforsch., 82: 202-212.
48. Leckie, R.M. and Webb, P.M., 1983. Late Oligocene-early Miocene glacial record of the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Evidence from DSDP site 270. Geology, 11: 578-582.
49. Lecomte, P., 1988. Stone line profiles: importance in geochemical exploration. J. Geochem. Explor., 30: 35-61.
50. Liebrich, A., 1892. Bauxit. Ber. Oberhess. Ges. Nat.-Heilkd., 28: 57-89.
51. Miller, K.G., Fairbanks, R.G. and Mountain, G.S., 1987. Tertiary oxygen isotope sythesis, sea level history, and continental margin erosion. Paleoceanography, 2: 1-19.
52. Mitsuchi, M., 1976. Characteristics and genesis of nodules and concretions occurring in soils of the R. Chinit area, Kompong Thorn Province, Cambodia. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 22: 409-421.
53. Moldenhauer, M., 1935. Die hessischen Bauxitlager. Chem. Z., 59: 125-126.
54. Mosbrugger, V., 1994. Pflanzenwelt und Klima der Niederrheinischen Braunkohleformation. In: W. von Königswald and W. Meyer (Editors), Erdgeschichte im Rheinland. Pfeil, München, pp. 165-172.
55. Mudie, P.J. and Helgason, J., 1983. Palynological evidence for Miocene climatic cooling in eastern Iceland about 9.8 myr ago. Nature, 303: 689-692.
56. Oslick, J.S., Miller, K.G. and Feigenson, M.D., 1994. Oligocene-Miocene strontium isotopes: Stratigraphic revisions and correlations to an glacioeustatic record. Paleoceanography, 9: 427-443.
57. Pflug, H.D. and Werding, L., 1964. Kalksinter und Rotlehme in Karstspalten des Massenkalkes von Pohl-Göns (Blatt 5518 Butzbach). Notizbl. Hess. L.-Amt. Bodenforsch., 92: 126-138.
58. Pierre, G. and Dejou, J., 1990. Nature et genèse des formations rouges intrabasaltiques et limite de leur signification paléoclimatique (Cantal, Velay, Massif Central français). Rev. Geomorphol. Dyn., 39: 81-96.
59. Prasad, G., 1987. Bauxitisation at Mokanje Hills, Sierra Leone. Abstr. 14th Colloq. Afr. Geol., pp. 171-172.
60. Pratt, G.W., Lewis, P.C., Taylor, G., Brown, M.C., Roach, I.C. and McQueen, K.G., 1992. The Monaro Volcanics of the Cooma Disrict. Q. Notes Geol. Surv. N.S.W., 92: 1-10.
61. 4 grasses in the Late Miocene of Northern Pakistan: evidence from stable isotopes in paleosols. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 115: 91-116.
62. Raymo, M.E., 1994. The Himalayas, organic carbon burial, and climate in the Miocene. Paleoceanography, 9: 399-404.
63. Raymo, M.E. and Ruddiman, W.F., 1992. Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate. Nature, 359: 117-122.
64. Raymo, M.E., Ruddiman, W.F. and Froelich, P.N., 1988. Influence of late Cenozoic moutain building on ocean geochemical cycles. Geology, 16: 649-653.
65. Richter, F.M., Rowley, D.B. and DePaolo, D.J., 1992. Sr isotope evolution of seawater: The role of tectonics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 109: 11-23.
66. Robert, C. and Kennett, J.P., 1994. Antarctic subtropical humid episode at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: Clay-mineral evidence. Geology, 22: 211-214.
67. Savin, S.N., Douglas, R.G. and Stehli, F.G., 1975. Tertiary marine paleotemperatures. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 86: 1499-1510.
68. Schaeffer, R. and Spiegler, D., 1986. Neogene Kälteeinbrüche und Vereisungsphasen im Nordatlantik. Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges., 137: 537-552.
69. Schellmann, W., 1966. Die Bildung von Roterde und Bauxitknollen im Vogelsberg. N. Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh., pp. 321-341.
70. Schirrmeister, L., Schwarz, T. and Bohné, B., 1995. Mineralogie und Geochemie des Kaolinits bei Ortenberg (Hessen). Geol. Jahrb. Hessen, 123: 124-151.
71. Schoell, M., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., De Leeuw, J.W. and Summons, R.E., 1994. A molecular organic carbon isotope record of Miocene climate changes. Science, 263: 1122-1125.
72. Schottler, W., 1921. Erläuterungen zur Geologischen Karte von Hessen 1:25,000, Blatt 5519 Hungen. Hess. L.-Amt. Bodenforsch. Darmstadt, 107 pp.
73. Schricke, W., 1986. Erläuterungen zur Geologischen Karte von Hessen 1:25 000, Blatt 5320 Burg-Gemünden. Hess. L.-Amt. Bodenforsch., Wiesbaden, 135 pp.
74. Schwarz, T., 1987. Eigenschaften und Entstehung von Laterit im Vogelsberg - die Bauxitgrube 'Eiserne Hose' bei Lieh (Hessen). Diplomarbeit. FU Berlin, 142 pp. (unveröff.).
75. Schwarz, T., 1988. Laterit im Vogelsberg (Hessen): Bauxitkonkretionen und umgelagerte Roterde. Bochum. Geol. Geotechn. Arb., 29: 179-183.
76. Schwarz, T., 1992. Produkte und Prozesse exogener Fe-Akkumulation: Eisenoolithe und lateritische Eisenkrusten im Sudan. Berl. Geowiss. Abh. (A), 142, 186 pp.
77. Schwarz, T., 1993. Laterit und Bauxit als Relikte tropischen Paläoklimas im Miozän Oberhessens. Mitt. Dtsch. Bodenkd. Ges., 72: 1501-1506.
78. Schwarz, T., 1994. Ferricrete formation and relief inversion: an example from Central Sudan. In: T. Schwarz and K. Germann (Editors), Lateritization Processes and Supergene Ore Formation. Catena, 21: 257-268.
79. Schwarz, T., 1995. Vanadium in Eisenkrusten als Indikator lateritischer Verwitterungsbedingungen. Mitt. Dtsch. Bodenkd. Ges., 74: 395-398.
80. Schwarz, T., in press. Distribution and genesis of bauxite on the Mambilla Plateau, SE-Nigeria. Appl. Geochem.
81. Schwarz, T., Germann, K. and Wipki, M., 1993. Greenhouse climate during Ordovician and Miocene? Paleopedol. Newsl., 10: 14-15.
82. Sherman, G.D. and Ikawa, H., 1959. Occurrence of gibbsite amygdules in Haiku bauxite area of Maui. Pac. Sci., 13: 291-294.
83. 2 estimates from paleosols during the late Paleocene/early Eocene global warming interval. Global Planet. Change, 9: 297-307.
84. Sloan, L.C. and Rea, D.K., 1995. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and early Eocene climate: A general circulation modeling sensitivity study. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 119: 275-292.
85. Smith, B.J. and McAlister, J.J., 1987. Tertiary weathering environments and products in northeast Ireland. In: V. Gardiner (Editor), International Geomorphology 1986 Part II. Wiley, pp. 1007-1031.
86. Sobanski, R. and Valeton, I., 1994. Deep saprolitic weathering of the Miocene basalt from Triebendorf/Oberpfalz/S. Germany. In: B.J. Smith and P.A. Warke (Editors), Eurolat 94, Laterites, Palaeoweathering and Palaeosurfaces, Belfast. IGCP, Belfast, pp. 47-48.
87. Sorkhabi, R.B. and Stump, E., 1993. The rise of the Himalaya: a geochronologic approach. Geol. Soc. Am. Today, 3: 85-92.
88. Störr, M., Köster, H.M., Kuzvart, M., Szila, K. and Wieden, P., 1977. Kaolin deposits of Central Europe. Proc. 8th Int. Kaolin Symp. Meet. Alunite, pp. 1-24.
89. Tardy, Y., Kobilsek, B. and Paquet, H., 1991. Mineralogical composition and geographical distribution of African and Brazilian periatlantic laterites. The influence of continental drift and tropical paleoclimates during the past 150 million years and implications for India and Australia. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 12: 283-295.
90. Taylor, G., Eggleton, R.A., Holzhauer, C.C., Maconachie, L.A., Gordon, M., Brown, M.C. and McQueen, K.G., 1992. Cool climate lateritic and bauxitic weathering. J. Geol., 100: 669-677.
91. Valeton, I., 1994. Element concentration and formation of ore deposits by weathering. In: T. Schwarz and K. Germann (Editors), Lateritization Processes and Supergene Ore Formation. Catena, 21: 99-129.
92. 2: Natural Variations Archean to Present (Geophys. Monogr., 32). AGU, Washington, pp. 455-468.
93. Wolfe, J.A., 1980. Tertiary climates and floristic relationships at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 30: 313-323.
94. Wolfe, J.A., 1994. An analysis of Neogene climates in Beringia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 108: 207-216.
95. Wolfe, J.A., 1995. Paleoclimatic estimates from Tertiary leaf assemblages. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 23: 119-142.
96. Wright, J.D. and Miller, K.G., 1992. Miocene stable isotope stratigraphy, site 747, Kerguelen Plateau. Proc. ODP Sci. Results, 120: 855-866.