A snake with legs from the marine cretaceous of the Middle East

Nature

Volumn 386, Issue 6626, 1997, Pages 705-708

  Caldwell, Michael W ^a,b   Lee, Michael S Y ^c  

^a FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EVOLUTION; LEG; LIZARD; MIDDLE EAST; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SNAKE; SPECIES;

CRETACEOUS; LIZARD; MOSASAUROID; PACHYRHACHIS; SNAKE;

MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 0030620717     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/386705a0     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Bellairs, A.d'A. & Underwood, G. The origin of snakes. Biol. Rev. 26, 193-237 (1951).
2. Rieppel, O. A review of the origin of snakes. Evol. Biol. 22, 37-130 (1988).
3. Estes, R., de Queiroz, K. & Gauthier, J. in Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Famiies (eds Estes, R. & Pregill, G.) 119-281 (Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1988).
4. Rage, J.-C. in Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (eds Seigel, R. A., Collins, J. T. & Novak, S. S.) 51-76 (Macmillan, New York, 1987).
5. Haas, G. On a snakelike reptile from the Lower Cenomanian of Ein Jabrud, near Jerusalem. Bull. Mus. Natl Hist. Nat., Paris, 4th ser. 1, 51-64 (1979).
6. Haas, G. Pachyrhachis problematicus Haas, snakelike reptile from the Lower Cenomanian: ventral view of skull. Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Natl, Paris, 4th ser. 2, 87-104 (1980).
7. Haas, G. in Aspects of Vertebrate History, Essays in Honor of E. H. Colbert (ed. Jacobs, L.) 177-192 (Museum of Northern Arizona Press, Flagstaff, 1980).
8. Chalifa, Y. & Tchernov, E. Pachyamia latimaxillaris, new genus and species (Actinopterygii; Amiidae) from the Cenomanian of Jerusalem. J. Vert. Paleont. 2, 269-285 (1982).
9. Wallach, V. A new name for Ophiomorphus colberti Haas, 1980. J. Herpetol. 2, 269-285 (1984).
10. Caldwell, M. W. Ontogeny and phylogeny of the mesopodial skeleton in mosasauroid reptiles. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 116, 407-436 (1996).
11. Gauthier, J., Estes, R. & de Queioz, K. in Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families (eds Estes, R. & Pregill, G.) 15-98 (Stanford University Press, Standford, 1988).
12. Underwood, G. A Contribution to the Classification of Snakes (British Museum (Natural History), London, 1967).
13. Lee, M. S. Y. The phylogeny of varanoid lizards and the affinities of snakes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 352, 53-91 (1997).
14. Cundall, D., Wallach, V. & Rossman, D. A. The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 109, 275-299 (1993).
15. Bellairs, A. d'A. in Studies in Vertebrate Evolution (eds Joysey, K. & Kemp, T.) 157-172 (Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 1972).
16. Underwood, G. Simplification and degeneration in the course of evolution of squamate reptiles. Coll. Int. CNRS 266, 341-352 (1976).
17. Cope, E. D. On the reptilian orders Pythonomopha and Streptosauria. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 12, 250-267 (1869).
18. Nopcsa, F. Eidolosaurus und Pachyophis. Zwei neue Neocom-Reptilien. Palaeontographica 65, 97-154 (1923).
19. Wu, X., Brinkman, D. & Russell, A. P. Sineoamphisbaena hexatabularis, an amphisbaenian (Diapsida: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu (Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China), and comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the Amphisbaenia. Can. J. Earth Sci. 33, 541-577 (1996).
20. Caldwell, M. W. On the phylogenetic relationships of coniasaurs, mosasauroids, and snakes within Squamata. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (submitted).
21. Scanlon, J. D. Studies in the Palaeontology and Systematics of Australian Snakes. Thesis, Univ. New South Wales (1996).
22. Russell, D. A. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 23, 1-241 (1967).
23. Edmund, A. G. in Biology of the Reptilia (eds Gans, C., Bellairs, D.d'A. & Parsons, T. S.) 117-200 (Academic, New York, 1969).