Gradient models, gradient analysis, and hierarchical structure in plant communities

Oikos

Volumn 78, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 23-30

  Hoagland, Bruce W ^a,c   Collins, Scott L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRADIENT ANALYSIS; HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE; PLANT COMMUNITY;

USA, GREAT PLAINS; USA, MINNESOTA;

EID: 0030620568     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3545796     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Allen, T. F. H. and Hpekstra, T. W. 1992. Toward a unified ecology. - Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
2. Armstrong, W. 1975. Waterlogged soils. - In: Ethrington, J. (ed.), Environment and plant ecology. Wiley, New York.
3. Auerbach, M. and Shmida, A. 1993. Vegetation change along an altitudinal gradient on Mt. Hermon, Israel - no evidence for discrete communities. - J. Ecol. 81: 23-25.
4. Austin, M. P. 1985. Continuum concept, ordination methods and niche theory. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16: 39-61.
5. - and Smith, T. 1989. A new model for the continuum. -Vegetatio 83: 35-47.
6. - and Gaywood, M. J. 1994. Current problems of environmental gradients and species response curves in relation to continuum theory. - J. Veg. Sci. 5: 473-482.
7. Brown, J. H. 1984. On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. - Am. Nat. 124: 255-279.
8. Clements, F. E. 1905. Research methods in ecology. - University Publ., Lincoln, NE.
9. - 1916. Plant succession: an analysis of the development of vegetation. - Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Publ. 242. Washington.
10. - 1936. Nature and structure of the climax. - J. Ecol. 24: 254-282.
11. Collins, S. L. and Glenn, S. M. 1990. A hierarchical analysis of species abundance patterns in grassland vegetation. -Am. Nat. 135: 633-648.
12. - and Glenn, S. M. 1991. The importance of spatial and temporal dynamics in species regional abundance and distribution. - Ecology 72: 654-664.
13. - , Glenn, S. M. and Roberts, D. W. 1993. The hierarchical continuum concept. - J. Veg. Sci. 4: 149-156.
14. Curtis, J. T. and Mclntosh, R". P. 1951. An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. - Ecology 32: 476-498.
15. Dale, M. R. T. 1984. The contiguity of upslope and downslope boundaries of species in a zoned community. -Oikos 42: 92-96.
16. Gauch, H. G. and Whittaker, R. H. 1972. Coenocline simula-tion. - Ecology 53: 446-451.
17. Gaudet, C. L. and Keddy, P. A. 1988. A comparative approach to predicting competitive ability from plant traits. - Nature 334: 242-243.
18. Gleason, H. A. 1917. The structure and development of the plant association. - Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 463-481.
19. - 1926. The individualistic concept of the plant association. - Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 7-26.
20. - 1939. The individualistic concept of the plant association. - Am. Midi. Nat. 21: 92-110.
21. Gurevitch, J. and Collins, S. L. 1994. Experimental manipula-tion of natural plant communities. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 9: 94-98.
22. Hanski, I. 1982. Dynamics of regional distribution: the core and satellite species hypothesis. - Oikos 38: 210-221.
23. - and Gyllenberg, M. 1993. Two general metapopulation models and the core-satellite species hypothesis. - Am. Nat. 142: 17-41.
24. Hobbie, S. D. B. Jensen, and Chapin, F. S. 1993. Resource supply and disturbance as controls over present and future plant diversity. - In: Schulze, E. D. and Mooney, H. A. (eds), Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer, Berlin, pp. 385-408.
25. Hoekstra, T. W., Alien, T. F. H. and Flather, C. H. 1991. Implicit scaling in ecological research. - Bioscience 41: 148-139.
26. Hogg, E. H. and Wein, R. W. 1988. Seasonal change in gas content and buoyancy of floating Typha mats. - J. Ecol. 76: 1055-1068.
27. Huribert, S. H. 1990. Spatial distribution of the montane unicorn. - Oikos 58: 257-271.
28. Johnson, W. C., Sharik, T. L., Mayes. R. A. and Smith, E. P. 1987. Nature and cause of zonation discreteness around glacial prairie marshes. - Can. J. Bot. 65: 1622-1632.
29. Keddy, P. A. 1983. Shoreline vegetation in Axe Lake, Ontario: effects of exposure on zonation patterns. - Ecology 64: 331-344.
30. - 1987. Beyond reductionism and scholasticism in plant com-munity ecology. - Vegetatio 69: 209-211.
31. Kodric-Brown, A. and Brown, J. 1993. Highly structured fish communities in Australian desert streams. - Ecology 74: 1847-1855.
32. Kolasa, J. 1989. Ecological systems in hierarchical perspective: breaks in community structure and other consequences. -Ecology 70: 36-47.
33. Mclntosh, R. P. 1967. The continuum concept of vegetation. - Bot. Rev. 33: 130-187.
34. - 1985. The background of ecology. - Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
35. - 1987. Pluralism in ecology. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18: 321-341.
36. - 1995. H. A. Gleason's "individualistic concept" and theory of animal communities: a continuing controversy. - Biol. Rev. 70: 317-357.
37. Minchin, P. R. 1989. Montane vegetation of the Mt. Field massif, Tasmania: a test of some hypotheses about properties of community pattern. - Vegetatio 83: 97-110.
38. Mitsch, W. J. and Gosselink, J. G. 1986. Wetlands. - Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
39. 0kland, R. H. 1992. Studies in SE Fennoscandian mires: relevance to ecological theory. - J- Veg. Sci. 3: 279-284.
40. Patterson, B. D. and Brown, J. H. 1991. Regionally nested patterns of species composition in granivorous rodent assemblages. - J. Biogeogr. 18: 395-402.
41. Penfound, W. T. 1953. Plant communities of Oklahoma Lakes. - Ecology 34: 561-583.
42. Pickett, S. T. A., Jones, C. and Kolasa, J. 1994. The structure of ecological theory. - Academic Press, New York.
43. Pielou, E. C. 1977a. Mathematical ecology. - Wiley, New York.
44. - 1977b. The latitudinal spans of seaweed species and their patterns of overlap. - J. Biogeogr. 4: 299-311.
45. - 1978. Latitudinal overlap of seaweed species: evidence for quasi-sympatric speciation. - J. Biogeogr. 5: 238-277.
46. Poole, R. \V. and Rathcke, B. J. 1979. Regularity, randomness, and aggregation in flowerine phenologies. - Science 203: 470-471.
47. Reed, R. A., Peet, R. K., Palmer, M. W. and White, P. S. 1993. Scale dependence of vegetation-environment correlations: a case study of a North Carolina Piedmont woodland. - J. Veg. Sci. 4: 329-340.
48. Richardson, J. L. 1980. The organismic community: resilience of an embattled ecological concept. - BioScience 30: 465-471.
49. Roberts, D. W. 1987. A dynamical systems perspective on vegetation theory. - Vegetatio 69: 27-34.
50. Scott, J. T. 1974. Correlation of vegetation with environment: a test of the continuum and community-type hypothesis. -In: Strain, B. and Billings, W. (eds), Vegetation and environment. Junk, The Hague.
51. Sculthorpe, C. D. 1967. The biology of aquatic vascular plants. - Arnold, London.
52. Shipley, B. and Keddy, P. A. 1987. The individualistic and community-unit concepts as falsifiable hypotheses. - Vegetatio 69: 47-55.
53. Spence, D. H. N. 1982. The zonation of plants in freshwater Lakes. - Adv. Ecol. Res. 12: 37-125.
54. Underwood, A. J. 1978. The detection of non-random patterns of distribution of species alona an environmental gradient. - Oecologia 36: 317-326.
55. Van der Valk, A. G. and Welling, C. H. 1988. The development of zonation in freshwater wetlands. - In: During, H., Werger, M. and Willems, J. (eds), Diversity and pattern in plant communities. SPB Publ., The Hague.
56. Wedin, D. A. and Tilman, D. 1990. Species effects on nitrogen cyclins: a test with perennial grasses. - Oecologia 84: 433-441.
57. Weisner, S. E. B. 1991. Within-Iake patterns in depth penetration of emergent vegetation. - Freshw. Biol. 26: 133-142.
58. Westman, W. E. 1983. Xeric Mediterranean-type shrubland associations of Alta and Baja California and the community/continuum debate. - Vegetatio 52: 3-19.
59. Whittaker, R. H. 1956. Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. - Ecol. Monogr. 26: 1-80.
60. - 1960. Vecetation of the Siskiyou Mountains of California. - Ecol. Monogr. 30: 279-338.
61. - 1967. Gradient analysis of vegetation. - Biol. Rev. 42: 207-264.
62. - 1975. Communities and ecosystems, 2nd ed. - Macmillan, New York.
63. Wiegleb, G. 1989. Explanation and prediction in vegetation science. - Vegetatio 83: 17-34.
64. Wilson, J. B. 1991. Does vegetation science exist? - J. Vec. Sci. 2: 289-290.
65. - 1994. Who makes the assembly rules? - J. Veg. Sci. 5: 275-278.
66. - and Agnew, A. 1992. Positive-feedback switches in plant communities. - Adv. Ecol. Res. 23: 264-336.
67. - and Lee, W. G. 1994. Niche overlap of congeners: a test using plant altitudinal distribution. - Oikos 69: 469-475.
68. Wright, D. H. and Reeves, J. H. 1992. On the meaning and measurement of nestedness of species assemblage. - Oecologia 92: 416-428.