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h ∼3 AU. It unfortunately could not be observed closer to the sun, because ISO cannot operate at solar elongations smaller than 60°.
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The field of the 6 October observation was also observed several days later with PHT-S to check that no emission was coming from the background.
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17
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1842306212
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h = 2.82 AU and Δ = 3.01 AU, dedicated observations of regions centered on 3.3, 4.5, and 6 μm were made in addition.
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Water exists in two spin species, ortho and para. Conversion between these two species, either radiatively or through collisions, is forbidden. It is thus believed that its OPR is determined by the temperature at which water was formed and was then preserved [M. J. Mumma, H. A. Weaver, H. P. Larson, Astron. Astrophys. 187, 419 (1987)]. OPRs are thus indicative of the original temperature of cometary material and constrain cometary formation scenarios.
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2O production rate and of the larger geocentric distance of comet Hale-Bopp, the opacity effects are less important in our ISO spectrum; they were estimated to change the intensities of the stronger lines by less than 10%.
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This study was based on observations with ISO, a European Space Agency (ESA) project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the principal investigator countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) and with participation of ISAS and NASA. The ISOPHOT data presented in this paper were reduced using PIA (Interactive Analysis Package), which is a joint development by the ESA Astrophysics Division and the ISOPHOT consortium led by the Max Planck Institute für Astronomie, Heidelberg. We thank P. Rocher and the Bureau des longitudes, Paris, for providing ephemeris of the comet.
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