Differences in population density and energy use between birds and mammals: A macroecological perspective

Journal of Animal Ecology

Volumn 66, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 327-340

  Silva, Marina ^a   Brown, James H ^a,b   Downing, John A ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^c IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

birds; density; energy; mammals; mass

Indexed keywords

BIRD; DENSITY; ENERGY USE; MAMMAL;

EID: 0030619978     PISSN: 00218790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/5979     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Allen, G.T. (1987) Estimating prairie falcon and golden eagle nesting populations in North Dakota. Journal of Wildlife Management, 51, 739-744.
2. Anderson, S. (1977) Geographic ranges of North American terrestrial mammals. American Museum Novitates, No. 2629, pp. 1-15.
3. Anderson, S. (1984) Geographic ranges of North American birds. American Museum Novitates, 2785, 1-17.
4. Ashmole, N.P. (1968) Body size, prey size, and ecological segregation in five sympatric tropical terns (Aves: Laridae). Systematic Zoology, 17, 292-304.
5. Barclay, R.M.R. & Brigham, R.M. (1991) Prey detection, dietary niche breadth, and body size in bats: why are are aerial insectivorous bats so small? American Naturalist, 137 693-703.
6. Blackburn, T.M. & Gaston, K.J. (1994) Animal body size distributions: patterns, mechanisms and implications. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 471-474.
7. Blackburn, T.M. & Lawton, J.H. (1994) Population abundance and body size in animal assemblages. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London, B, 343, 33-39.
8. Blackburn, T.M., Brown, V.K., Doube, B.M., Greenwood, J.D., Lawton, J.H. & Stork, N.E. (1993a) The relationship between abundance and body size in natural assemblages, Journal of Animal Ecology, 62, 519-528.
9. Blackburn, T.M., Harvey, P.H. & Pagel, M.D. (1990) Species number, population density and body size relationship in natural communities. Journal of Animal Ecology, 59, 335-345.
10. Blackburn, T.M., Lawton, J.H. & Pimm, S.L. (1993b)Non-metabolic explanations for the relationship between body size and animal abundance. Journal of Animal Ecology, 62, 694-702.
11. Blueweiss, L., Fox, H., Kudzma, V., Nakashima, D., Peters, R.H. & Sams, S. (1978) Relationships between body size and some life history parameters. Oecologia, 37, 257-272.
12. Bonner, J.T. (1988) The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
13. Bradbury, J.W. & Vehrencamp, S.L. (1977) Social organization and foraging in emballonurid bats. I. Field studies. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, 1, 337-381.
14. Brown, J.H. & Kodric-Brown, A. (1977) Turnover rates in insular biogeography: effects of immigration on extinction. Ecology, 54, 775-787.
15. Brown, J.H. & Maurer, B.A. (1986) Body size, ecological dominance and Cope's rule. Nature, 324, 248-250.
16. Brown, J.H. & Maurer, B.A. (1987) Evolution of species assemblages: effects of energetic constraints and species dynamics on the diversification of the North American avifauna. American Naturalist, 130, 1-17.
17. Brown, J.H. & Maurer, B.A. (1989) Macroecology: the division of food and space among species on continents. Science, 243, 1145-1150.
18. Brown, J.H., Marquet, P.A. & Taper, M.L. (1993) Evolution, of body size: consequences of an energetic definition of fitness. American Naturalist, 142, 573-584.
19. Calder, C.A. (1984) Size, Function and Life History. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
20. Cambefort, Y. (1994) Body size, abundance, and geographical distribution of Afrotropical dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Acta Oecologica, 15, 165-179.
21. Campbell, B. & Lack, E. (1985) A Dictionary of Birds. Buteo Books, Vermillion.
22. Carrascal, L.M. & Tellería, J.L. (1991) Bird size and density: a regional approach. American Naturalist, 138, 777-784.
23. Ceballos, G. & Brown, J.H. (1995) Global patterns of mammalian diversity, endemism, and endangerment. Conservation Biology, 9, 559-568.
24. Cotgreave, P. (1993) The relationship between body size and population abundance in animals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 244-248.
25. Cotgreave, P. (1994) The relationship between body size and abundance in a bird community: the effects of phylogeny and competition. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 256, 147-149.
26. Cotgreave, P. (1995) Population density, body mass and niche overlap in Australian birds. Functional Ecology, 9, 285-289.
27. Cotgreave, P. & Harvey, P.H. (1991) Bird community structure. Nature, 290, 699-700.
28. Cotgreave, P. & Harvey, P.H. (1992) Relationships between body size, abundance and phylogeny in bird communities. Functional Ecology, 6, 248-256.
29. Cotgreave, P. & Harvey, P.H. (1994) Phylogeny and the relationship between body size and abundance in bird communities. Functional Ecology, 8, 219-228.
30. Cotgreave, P. & Stockley, P. (1994) Body size, insectivory and abundance in assemblages of small mammals. Oikos, 71, 89-96.
31. Craighead, J.J., Craighead, F.C. Jr, Ruff., R.L. & O'Gara, B.W. (1973) Home ranges and activity patterns of non-migratory elk of the Madison drainage herd as determined by biotelemetry. Wildlife Monographs, 33, 1-50.
32. Currie, D. (1993) What shape is the relationship between body size and population density? Oikos, 66, 353-358.
33. Currie, D. & Fritz, J. (1993) Global patterns of animal abundance and species energy use. Oikos, 67, 56-58.
34. Damuth, J. (1981a) Home range, home range overlap, and species energy use among herbivorous mammals. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 15, 185-193.
35. Damuth, J. (1981b) Population density and body size in mammals. Nature, 290, 699-700.
36. Damuth, J. (1987) Interspecific allometry of population density in mammals and other animals: the independence of body mass and population energy use. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 31, 193-246.
37. Damuth, J. (1991) Of size and abundance. Nature, 351, 268-269.
38. Damuth, J. (1993) Cope's rule, the island rule and the scaling of mammalian population density. Nature, 365, 748-750.
39. Delgiudice, G.D., Singer, F.J. & Seal, U.S. (1991) Physiological assessment of winter deprivation in elk of Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management, 55, 653-664.
40. Dunning, J.B. Jr (1984) Body Weights of 686 Species of North American Birds. Western Bird Banding Association Monograph 1. Eldon, Cave Creek, Arizona.
41. Dunning, J.B. Jr (1992) CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
42. Ebenman, B., Hedenström, A., Wennergren, U., Ekstam, B., Landin, J. & Tyrbergt, T. (1995) The relationship between population density and body size: the role of extinction and mobility. Oikos, 73, 225-230.
43. Gaisler, J. (1975) A quantitative study of some populations of bats in Czechoslovakia (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Academiae Scientiarum Bohemoslovacae Brno, 9, 1-44.
44. Gaisler, J. (1979) Ecology of Bats. Halsted Press, New York.
45. Gaston, K.J. (1990) Patterns in the geographical ranges of species. Biological Review, 65, 105-129.
46. Gaston, K.J. (1991) How large is a species' geographic range? Oikos, 61, 434-437.
47. Gaston, K.J. & Blackburn, T.M. (1995) Birds, body size and the threat of extinction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 347, 205-212.
48. Gaston, K.J., Blackburn, T.M., Hammond, P.M. & Stork, N.E. (1993) Relationships between abundance and body size: where do tourists fit? Ecological Entomology, 18, 310-314.
49. Greenwood, J.J.D., Gregory, R.D., Harris, S., Morris, P.A. & Yalden, D.W. (1996) Relationships between abundance, body size and species number in British birds and mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 351, 265-278.
50. Gregory, R.D, & Blackburn, T.M. (1995) Abundance and body size in British birds: reconciling regional and ecological densities. Oikos, 72, 151-154.
51. Griffiths, D. (1992) Size, abundance, and energy use in communities. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 307-315.
52. Gujarati, D. (1978) Basic Econometrics. McGraw-Hill Co., New York.
53. Hancock, J.A., Kushlan, J.A. & Kahl, M.P. (1992) Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World. Academic Press Inc., San Diego.
54. Harestad, A.S. & Bunnell, F.L. (1979) Home range and body weight - a re-evaluation. Ecology, 60, 389-402.
55. Harvey, P.H. & Pagel, M.D. (1991) The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
56. Hemker, T.P., Lindzey, F.G. & Ackerman, B.B. (1984) Population characteristics and movement patterns of cougars in southern Utah. Journal of Wildlife Management, 48, 1275-1284.
57. Holling, C.S. (1992) Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological Monographs, 62, 447-502.
58. Juanes, F. (1986) Population density and body size in birds. American Naturalist, 128, 921-929.
59. Kurzejeski, E.W., Vangilder, L.D. & Lewis, J.B. (1987) Survival of wild turkey hens in North Missouri. Journal of Wildlife Management, 51, 188-193.
60. Lawton, J.H. (1989) What is the relationship between population density and body size in animals? Oikos, 55, 429-434.
61. Lawton, J.H. (1990) Species richness and population dynamics of animal assemblages. Patterns in body size: abundance space. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London, B, 330, 283-291.
62. Mace, G.M. & Harvey, P.H. (1983) Energetic constraints on home-range size. American Naturalist, 121, 120-132.
63. McNab, B.K. (1980) Food habits, energetics, and the population biology of mammals. American Naturalist, 116,106-124.
64. McNab, B.K. (1986) The influence of food habits on the energetics of eutherian mammals. Ecological Monographs, 56, 1-19.
65. McNab, B.K. (1994) Energy conservation and the evolution of fiightlessness in birds. American Naturalist, 144, 628-642.
66. Marquet, P.A. (1993) Macroscopic patterns of ecological organization. PhD thesis, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
67. Marquet, P.A., Navarrete, S.A. & Castilla, J.C. (1990) Scaling population density to body size in rocky intertidal communities. Science, 250, 1125-1127.
68. Marquet, P.A., Navarrete, S.A. & Castilla, J.C. (1995) Body size, population density, and the energetic equivalence rule. Journal of Animal Ecology, 64, 325-332.
69. Maurer, B.A. & Brown, J.H. (1988) Distribution of energy use and biomass among species of North American terrestrial birds. Ecology, 69, 1923-1932.
70. Medel, R.G., Bozinovic, F. & Novoa, F.F. (1995) The mass exponent in population energy use: the fallacy of averages reconsidered. American Naturalist, 145, 155-162.
71. Millar, J.S. & Hickling, G.J. (1991) Body size and the evolution of mammalian life histories. Functional Ecology, 5, 588-593.
72. Nagy, K.A. (1987) Field metabolic rate and food requirement scaling in mammals and birds. Ecological Monographs, 57, 111-128.
73. Nee, S.A., Read, F., Greenwood, J.D. & Harvey, P.H. (1991) The relationship between abundance and body size in British birds. Nature, 351, 312-313.
74. Norberg, U.M. (1986) Evolutionary convergence in foraging niche and flight morphology in insectivorous aerial-hawking birds and bats. Ornis Scandinavica, 17, 253-260.
75. Norberg, U.M. & Rayner, J.M.V. (1987) Ecological mor phology and flight in bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, B, 316, 335-427.
76. Novick, A. & Dale, B. A. (1971) Foraging behavior in fishing bats and their insectivorous relatives. Journal of Mammalogy, 52, 817-818.
77. Nowak, R.M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th edn, Vols 1 and 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Mary-land.
78. Pagel, M.D. & Harvey, P.H. (1988) Recent developments in the analysis of comparative data. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 63, 413-440.
79. Pagel, M.D., Harvey, P.H. & Godfray, H.C.J. (1991) Species-abundance, biomass, and resource-use distributions. American Naturalist, 138, 836-850.
80. Pennycuick, C.J. (1978) Fifteen testable predictions about bird flight. Oikos, 30, 165-176.
81. Peters, R.H.(1983) The Ecological Implications of Body Size. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
82. Peters, R.H. & Raelson, J.V. (1984) Relations between individual size and mammalian population density. American Naturalist, 128, 665-680.
83. Peters, R.H. & Wassenberg, K. (1983) The effect of body size on animal abundance. Oecologia, 60, 89-96.
84. Pimm, S.L. (1991) The Balance of Nature: Ecological Issues in the Conservation of Species and Communities. Chicago University Press, Chicago.
85. Pulliam, H.R. & Brand, M.R. (1975) The production and utilization of seeds in the plains grassland of the south-western Arizona. Ecology, 56, 1158-1166.
86. Rayner, J.M.V. (1981) Flight adaptations in vertebrates. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 48, 137-172.
87. Redford, K.H. & Robinson, J.G. (1991) Park size and the conservation of forest mammals in Latin America. Latin American Mammalogy: History, Biodiversity, and Conservation (eds M. A. Mares & D. J. Schmidly), pp. 227-234. Oklahoma University Press, Oklahoma.
88. Robinson, J.G. & Redford, K.H. (1986) Body size, diet, and population density of neotropical forest mammals. American Naturalist, 128, 665-680.
89. Rosenzweig, M.L. (1968) The strategy of body size in mammalian carnivores. American Midland Naturalist, 80, 299-315.
90. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1983) Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
91. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1984) Seating, Why is Animal Size Important? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
92. Seidensticker, J.C., Hornocker, M.G., Wiles, W.V. & Messick, J.P. (1973) Mountain lion social organization is the Idaho Primitive Area. Wildlife Monographs. 35, 1-60.
93. Silva, M. & Downing, J.A. (1994) Allometric scaling of minimal mammal densities. Conservation Biology, 8, 732-743.
94. Silva, M. & Downing, J.A. (1995) The allometric scaling of density and body mass: a non-linear relationship for terrestrial mammals. American Naturalist, 141, 704-727.
95. Soulé, M.E. & Simberloff, D. (1986) What do genetics and ecology tell us about the design of nature reserves? ?Biological Conservation, 35, 19-40.
96. Stearns, S.C. (1983) The influence of size and phylogeny on patterns of covariation among life-history traits in mammals. Oikos, 41, 173-187.
97. Stork, N.E. (1987) Guild structure of arthropods from Bornean rain forest trees. Ecological Entomology, 12, 69-80.
98. Stork, N.E. & Blackburn, T.M. (1993) Abundance, body size and biomass of arthropods in tropical forest. Oikos, 67, 483-489.
99. Terborgh, J., Robinson, S.K., Parker, T.A. III, Munn, C.A. & Pierpont, N. (1990) Structure and organization of an Amazonian forest bird community. Ecological Monographs, 60, 213-238.
100. Thomas, C.D. (1990) What do real populations dynamics tell us about minimum viable population sizes? Conservation Biology, 4, 324-327.
101. Turner, D.C. (1975) The Vampire Bat: A Field Study in Behavior and Ecology. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland.
102. Watson, J., Rae, S.R. & Stillman, R. (1992) Nesting density and breeding success of golden eagles in relation to food supply in Scotland. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 543-550.
103. Welsh, A.H., Towsend, A. & Altmann, S.A. (1988) The fallacy of averages. American Naturalist, 132, 277-288.
104. Wickstrom, M.L., Robbins, C.T., Hanley, T.A., Spalinger, D.E. & Parish, S.M. (1984) Food intake and foraging energetics of elk and mule deer. Journal of Wildlife Management, 48, 1285-1301.
105. Wiens, J.A. & Dyer, M.I. (1977) Assesing the potential impact of granivorous birds in ecosystems. Granivorous Birds in Ecosystems (eds J. Penowski & S. C. Kendeigh), pp. 205-266. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.