메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 289-302

Developing programs to monitor ecosystem health and effectiveness of management practices on Lakes States National Forests, USA

Author keywords

ecosystem health; ecosystem integrity; indicators; inventory; monitoring

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; FOREST MANAGEMENT; MONITORING;

EID: 0030619905     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00042-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (145)
  • 1
    • 84989487639 scopus 로고
    • Forests too deer: Edge effects in northern Wisconsin
    • Alverson, W. S., Waller, D. M. and Solheim, S. L. (1988) Forests too deer: edge effects in northern Wisconsin. Conserv. Biol. 2, 348-358.
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 348-358
    • Alverson, W.S.1    Waller, D.M.2    Solheim, S.L.3
  • 2
    • 0343449086 scopus 로고
    • Standardized ecological measurements in natural areas
    • Armentano, T. V. (1981) Standardized ecological measurements in natural areas. Nat. Areas J. 1, 3-8.
    • (1981) Nat. Areas J. , vol.1 , pp. 3-8
    • Armentano, T.V.1
  • 3
    • 0028994676 scopus 로고
    • The use of Clintonia borealis and other indicators to gauge impacts of white-tailed deer on plant communities in northern Wisconsin
    • Balgooyen, C. P. and Waller, D. M. (1995) The use of Clintonia borealis and other indicators to gauge impacts of white-tailed deer on plant communities in northern Wisconsin. USA. Nat. Areas J. 15, 308-318.
    • (1995) USA. Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 308-318
    • Balgooyen, C.P.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 7
    • 0025597702 scopus 로고
    • Lands for long-term research in conservation biology
    • Bildstein, K. L. and Brisbin, I. L., Jr. (1990) Lands for long-term research in conservation biology. Conserv. Biol. 4, 301-308.
    • (1990) Conserv. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 301-308
    • Bildstein, K.L.1    Brisbin I.L., Jr.2
  • 8
    • 0008222891 scopus 로고
    • The structure of animal communities as bioindicators of landscape deterioration
    • eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Bohac, J. and Fuchs, R. (1991). The structure of animal communities as bioindicators of landscape deterioration. In Bioindicators and Environmental Management, eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 165-178.
    • (1991) Bioindicators and Environmental Management , pp. 165-178
    • Bohac, J.1    Fuchs, R.2
  • 10
    • 0003074997 scopus 로고
    • New approaches to forest management: Parts 1 and 2
    • Brooks, D. J. and Grant, G. E. (1992) New approaches to forest management: parts 1 and 2. J. For. 90, 21-28.
    • (1992) J. For. , vol.90 , pp. 21-28
    • Brooks, D.J.1    Grant, G.E.2
  • 11
    • 0002723491 scopus 로고
    • Forest health monitoring
    • Burkman, W. G. and Hertel, G. D. (1992) Forest health monitoring. J. For. 90, 26-27.
    • (1992) J. For. , vol.90 , pp. 26-27
    • Burkman, W.G.1    Hertel, G.D.2
  • 12
    • 0006024548 scopus 로고
    • Overview of national bird population monitoring programs and databases
    • eds D. M. Finch and P. W. Stangel. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft Collins, CO
    • Butcher, G. S., Peterjohn, B. and Ralph, C. J. (1993). Overview of national bird population monitoring programs and databases. In Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds, USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., No. RM-229, eds D. M. Finch and P. W. Stangel. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft Collins, CO, pp. 192-203.
    • (1993) Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds, USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., No. RM-229 , vol.RM-229 , pp. 192-203
    • Butcher, G.S.1    Peterjohn, B.2    Ralph, C.J.3
  • 14
    • 0001931575 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of biological integrity
    • eds R. K. Ballentine and L. J. Guarraia. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • Cairns, J. (1977). Quantification of biological integrity. In The Integrity of Water, eds R. K. Ballentine and L. J. Guarraia. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 171-198.
    • (1977) The Integrity of Water , pp. 171-198
    • Cairns, J.1
  • 19
    • 0001790692 scopus 로고
    • Toward an operational definition of ecosystem health
    • eds R. Constanza, B. G. Norton & B. D. Haskell. Island Press, Washington, DC
    • Costanza, R. (1992). Toward an operational definition of ecosystem health. In Ecosystem Health, eds R. Constanza, B. G. Norton & B. D. Haskell. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 239-256.
    • (1992) Ecosystem Health , pp. 239-256
    • Costanza, R.1
  • 22
    • 0003811561 scopus 로고
    • Report of the scientific roundtable on biological diversity
    • St Paul, MN
    • Crow, T. R., Haney, A. and Waller, D. M. (1994). Report of the scientific roundtable on biological diversity. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., NC-166, St Paul, MN.
    • (1994) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. , vol.NC-166
    • Crow, T.R.1    Haney, A.2    Waller, D.M.3
  • 24
  • 25
    • 0026476194 scopus 로고
    • Effects of even-aged management on forest birds at northern hardwood-stand interfaces
    • DeGraaf, R. M. (1992) Effects of even-aged management on forest birds at northern hardwood-stand interfaces. For. Ecol. and Manage. 46, 95-110.
    • (1992) For. Ecol. and Manage , vol.46 , pp. 95-110
    • Degraaf, R.M.1
  • 28
    • 0001904008 scopus 로고
    • Lessons from old growth
    • Franklin, J. F. (1993) Lessons from old growth. J. For. 91, 11-13.
    • (1993) J. For. , vol.91 , pp. 11-13
    • Franklin, J.F.1
  • 29
    • 0028993590 scopus 로고
    • Old forest in the Lake States today and before European settlement
    • Frelich, L. E. (1995) Old forest in the Lake States today and before European settlement. Nat. Areas J. 15, 157-167.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 157-167
    • Frelich, L.E.1
  • 31
    • 0028981936 scopus 로고
    • Environmental assessment and fish populations of the Wabash River and its tributaries
    • Gammon, J. R. (1995) Environmental assessment and fish populations of the Wabash River and its tributaries. Nat. Areas J. 15(3), 259-266.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-266
    • Gammon, J.R.1
  • 33
    • 0343013441 scopus 로고
    • Breeding bird abundance patterns in the Chippewa and Superior National Forests from 1991 to 1993
    • Hanowski, J. M. and Niemi, G. J. (1994) Breeding bird abundance patterns in the Chippewa and Superior National Forests from 1991 to 1993. The Loon 66, 64-70.
    • (1994) The Loon , vol.66 , pp. 64-70
    • Hanowski, J.M.1    Niemi, G.J.2
  • 34
    • 0343884843 scopus 로고
    • Experimental design considerations for establishing an off-road, habitat-specific bird monitoring program using point counts
    • eds C. J. Ralph, J. R. Sauer & S. Droge. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., PSW-GTR-149, Albany, CA
    • Hanowski, J. M. and Niemi, G. J. (1994b). Experimental design considerations for establishing an off-road, habitat-specific bird monitoring program using point counts. In Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts, eds C. J. Ralph, J. R. Sauer & S. Droge. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., PSW-GTR-149, pp. 149-56. Albany, CA.
    • (1994) Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts , pp. 149-156
    • Hanowski, J.M.1    Niemi, G.J.2
  • 35
    • 0002774603 scopus 로고
    • Introduction: What is ecosystem health and why should we worry about it?
    • eds R. Constanza, B. G. Norton & B. D. Haskell. Island Press, Washington, DC
    • Haskell, B. D., Norton, B. G. and Costanza, R. (1992). Introduction: what is ecosystem health and why should we worry about it? In Ecosystem Health, eds R. Constanza, B. G. Norton & B. D. Haskell. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 3-20.
    • (1992) Ecosystem Health , pp. 3-20
    • Haskell, B.D.1    Norton, B.G.2    Costanza, R.3
  • 36
    • 0342579108 scopus 로고
    • Resource inventories and monitoring under NEPA: Applying scientific method
    • Corvallis, OR, eds J. F. Bell & T. Atterbury. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
    • Haug, P. J. (1993). Resource inventories and monitoring under NEPA: applying scientific method. In Renewable Resource Inventories for Monitoring Changes and Trends. Proc. Conf. 15-19 August 1983, Corvallis, OR, eds J. F. Bell & T. Atterbury. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, pp. 261-265.
    • (1993) Renewable Resource Inventories for Monitoring Changes and Trends. Proc. Conf. 15-19 August 1983 , pp. 261-265
    • Haug, P.J.1
  • 37
    • 0002130565 scopus 로고
    • Fire and fire succession in the conifer forests of northern North America
    • eds D. C. West, H. H. Shugart & D. B. Botkin. Springer Verlag, New York
    • Heinselman, M. L. (1981). Fire and fire succession in the conifer forests of northern North America. In Forest Succession - concepts and Application, eds D. C. West, H. H. Shugart & D. B. Botkin. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 374-405.
    • (1981) Forest Succession - Concepts and Application , pp. 374-405
    • Heinselman, M.L.1
  • 38
    • 0022179299 scopus 로고
    • Late quaternary pollen records and vegetational history of the Great Lakes region; United States and Canada
    • eds B. M. Bryant & R. G. Holloway. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, TX
    • Holloway, R. G. and Bryant, B. M. Jr (1985). Late quaternary pollen records and vegetational history of the Great Lakes region; United States and Canada. In Pollen Records of Late-quaternary North American Sediments: United States, eds B. M. Bryant & R. G. Holloway. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, TX, pp. 205-245.
    • (1985) Pollen Records of Late-quaternary North American Sediments: United States , pp. 205-245
    • Holloway, R.G.1    Bryant B.M., Jr.2
  • 39
    • 85041141854 scopus 로고
    • Lichens as bioindicators of air quality
    • Fort Collins, CO
    • Huckaby, L. S. (ed.) (1993). Lichens as bioindicators of air quality. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., RM-224, Fort Collins, CO.
    • (1993) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. , vol.RM-224
    • Huckaby, L.S.1
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0022847508 scopus 로고
    • The future of tropical ecology
    • Jansen, D. H. (1986) The future of tropical ecology. Ann. Rev. Ecol. and Syst. 17, 305-324.
    • (1986) Ann. Rev. Ecol. and Syst. , vol.17 , pp. 305-324
    • Jansen, D.H.1
  • 47
    • 84950421451 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities
    • Karr, J. R. (1981) Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6, 21-27.
    • (1981) Fisheries , vol.6 , pp. 21-27
    • Karr, J.R.1
  • 48
    • 0025659306 scopus 로고
    • Biological integrity and the goal of environmental legislation: Lessons from conservation biology
    • Karr, J. R. (1990) Biological integrity and the goal of environmental legislation: lessons from conservation biology. Conserv. Biol. 4, 244-250.
    • (1990) Conserv. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 244-250
    • Karr, J.R.1
  • 49
    • 0002176281 scopus 로고
    • Measuring biological integrity: Lessons from streams
    • eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL
    • Karr, J. R. (1993). Measuring biological integrity: lessons from streams. In Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems, eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, pp. 83-104.
    • (1993) Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems , pp. 83-104
    • Karr, J.R.1
  • 51
    • 0002812624 scopus 로고
    • On the nature of ecological integrity: Some closing comments
    • eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL
    • Kay, J. J. (1993). On the nature of ecological integrity: some closing comments. In Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems, eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, pp. 201-212.
    • (1993) Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems , pp. 201-212
    • Kay, J.J.1
  • 52
    • 0002498631 scopus 로고
    • Choosing indicators of ecosystem integrity: Wetlands as a model system
    • eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL
    • Keddy, P. A., Lee, H. T. and Wisheu, I. C. (1993). Choosing indicators of ecosystem integrity: wetlands as a model system. In Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems, eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, 61-79.
    • (1993) Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems , pp. 61-79
    • Keddy, P.A.1    Lee, H.T.2    Wisheu, I.C.3
  • 53
    • 0343449076 scopus 로고
    • What resource inventories don't tell us about biological diversity, and what we really need to know
    • Conf. Penn State University, 1-2 April 1993.
    • Kessler, W. B. (1993). What resource inventories don't tell us about biological diversity, and what we really need to know. In Proc. of Penn's Woods - 'Change in Challenge', Conf. Penn State University, 1-2 April 1993.
    • (1993) Proc. of Penn's Woods - Change in Challenge
    • Kessler, W.B.1
  • 55
    • 0003109092 scopus 로고
    • Considerations of scale and hierarchy
    • eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL
    • King, A. W. (1993). Considerations of scale and hierarchy. In Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems, eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, pp. 19-46.
    • (1993) Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems , pp. 19-46
    • King, A.W.1
  • 56
    • 0002561649 scopus 로고
    • Concepts of forest health, utilitarian and ecosystem perspectives
    • Kolb, T. E., Wagner, M. R. and Covington, W. W. (1994) Concepts of forest health, utilitarian and ecosystem perspectives. J. For. 92(7), 10-15.
    • (1994) J. For. , vol.92 , Issue.7 , pp. 10-15
    • Kolb, T.E.1    Wagner, M.R.2    Covington, W.W.3
  • 57
    • 0002319524 scopus 로고
    • Aquatic biological early warning systems: An overview
    • eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Kramer, K. J. M. and Botterweg, J. (1991). Aquatic biological early warning systems: an overview. In Bioindicators and Environmental Management, eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 95-126.
    • (1991) Bioindicators and Environmental Management , pp. 95-126
    • Kramer, K.J.M.1    Botterweg, J.2
  • 59
    • 0028981926 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrates and other benthic features as indicators of environmental change in Juday Creek
    • Lamberti, G. A. and Berg, M. B. (1995) Invertebrates and other benthic features as indicators of environmental change in Juday Creek. Indiana. Nat. Areas J. 15, 249-258.
    • (1995) Indiana. Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 249-258
    • Lamberti, G.A.1    Berg, M.B.2
  • 60
    • 84989463298 scopus 로고
    • Ecological uses of vertebrate indicator species: A critique
    • Landres, P. B., Verner, J. and Thomas, J. (1988) Ecological uses of vertebrate indicator species: a critique. Conserv. Biol. 2, 316-328.
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 316-328
    • Landres, P.B.1    Verner, J.2    Thomas, J.3
  • 62
    • 0026293380 scopus 로고
    • Differences in lichen and bryophyte communities between old-growth forests in Swan Valley
    • Lesica, P., McCune, B., Cooper, S. V. and Hong, W. S. (1991) Differences in lichen and bryophyte communities between old-growth forests in Swan Valley. Montana. Can. J. Bot. 469, 1745-1755.
    • (1991) Montana. Can. J. Bot. , vol.469 , pp. 1745-1755
    • Lesica, P.1    McCune, B.2    Cooper, S.V.3    Hong, W.S.4
  • 63
    • 0343884833 scopus 로고
    • Foliar chemistry
    • eds T. E. Lewis & B. L. Conkling. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/620/R-94/006, Washington, DC
    • Lewis, T. E. (1994). Foliar chemistry. In Forest Health Monitoring Southeast Loblolly/shortleaf Pine Demonstration Interim Report, eds T. E. Lewis & B. L. Conkling. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/620/R-94/006, Washington, DC, pp. 7.1-7.27.
    • (1994) Forest Health Monitoring Southeast Loblolly/shortleaf Pine Demonstration Interim Report , pp. 71-727
    • Lewis, T.E.1
  • 67
    • 0012476146 scopus 로고
    • A primer on stand and forest inventory designs
    • Washington, DC
    • Lund, H. G. and Thomas, C. E. (1989). A primer on stand and forest inventory designs. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., WO-54, Washington, DC.
    • (1989) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. , vol.WO-54
    • Lund, H.G.1    Thomas, C.E.2
  • 70
    • 0001672187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On population viability analysis and management
    • Sacramento, CA, eds R. C. Szaro & D. W. Johnston. Oxford University Press, New York
    • Marcot, B. G. and Murphy, D. D. (1996). On population viability analysis and management. In Biodiversity in Managed Landscapes: Theory and Practice, Proc. Conf. 13-17 July 1992, Sacramento, CA, eds R. C. Szaro & D. W. Johnston. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 58-76.
    • (1996) Biodiversity in Managed Landscapes: Theory and Practice, Proc. Conf. 13-17 July 1992 , pp. 58-76
    • Marcot, B.G.1    Murphy, D.D.2
  • 76
  • 77
    • 0012289696 scopus 로고
    • Marine biodiversity: Shaping a policy framework
    • Milewski, I. A. (1995) Marine biodiversity: shaping a policy framework. Nat. Areas J. 15, 61-67.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 61-67
    • Milewski, I.A.1
  • 78
    • 0002165314 scopus 로고
    • Sustainable forest ecosystems in the northern hardwood and conifer region: Concepts and management
    • eds G. H. Aplet, N. Johnson, J. T. Olson & V. A. Sample. Island Press, Washington, DC
    • Mladenoff, D. J. and Pastor, J. (1993). Sustainable forest ecosystems in the northern hardwood and conifer region: concepts and management. In Defining Sustainable Forestry, eds G. H. Aplet, N. Johnson, J. T. Olson & V. A. Sample. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 145-180.
    • (1993) Defining Sustainable Forestry , pp. 145-180
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    Pastor, J.2
  • 82
    • 0003010307 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring for ecosystem integrity
    • eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL
    • Munn, R. E. (1993). Monitoring for ecosystem integrity. In Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems, eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, pp. 105-116.
    • (1993) Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems , pp. 105-116
    • Munn, R.E.1
  • 85
    • 0025626173 scopus 로고
    • Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach
    • Noss, R. F. (1990) Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conserv. Biol. 4, 355-364.
    • (1990) Conserv. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 355-364
    • Noss, R.F.1
  • 87
    • 0000275086 scopus 로고
    • Trends expected in stressed ecosystems
    • Odum, E. P. (1985) Trends expected in stressed ecosystems. BioScience 35, 419-422.
    • (1985) Bioscience , vol.35 , pp. 419-422
    • Odum, E.P.1
  • 88
    • 84984020791 scopus 로고
    • Ecological considerations in the development and application of instream flow-habitat models
    • Orth, D. J. (1987) Ecological considerations in the development and application of instream flow-habitat models. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 1, 171-181.
    • (1987) Regulated Rivers: Research and Management , vol.1 , pp. 171-181
    • Orth, D.J.1
  • 89
    • 0011124079 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem management
    • Salt Lake City, UT, 27 April, 1992. USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC
    • Overbay, J. C. (1992). Ecosystem management. Speech given at the National Workshop on Taking An Ecological Approach to Management, Salt Lake City, UT, 27 April, 1992. USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC, pp. 3-15.
    • (1992) National Workshop on Taking An Ecological Approach to Management , pp. 3-15
    • Overbay, J.C.1
  • 90
    • 0023510347 scopus 로고
    • A critical look at rare plant monitoring in the United States
    • Palmer, M. E. (1987) A critical look at rare plant monitoring in the United States. Biol. Conserv. 39, 113-127.
    • (1987) Biol. Conserv. , vol.39 , pp. 113-127
    • Palmer, M.E.1
  • 92
    • 0007909194 scopus 로고
    • History, change and the US forest inventory
    • Powell, D. S., McWilliams, W. H. and Birdsey, R. A. (1994) History, change and the US forest inventory. J. For. 92(12), 6-11.
    • (1994) J. For. , vol.92 , Issue.12 , pp. 6-11
    • Powell, D.S.1    McWilliams, W.H.2    Birdsey, R.A.3
  • 93
    • 0001857003 scopus 로고
    • Integrating biological diversity and resource management
    • Probst, J. R. and Crow, T. R. (1991) Integrating biological diversity and resource management. J. For. 89, 12-17.
    • (1991) J. For. , vol.89 , pp. 12-17
    • Probst, J.R.1    Crow, T.R.2
  • 95
    • 0002556737 scopus 로고
    • What is clinical ecology?
    • eds R. Constanza, B. G. Norton & B. D. Haskell. Island Press, Washington, DC
    • Rapport, D. J. (1992). What is clinical ecology? In Ecosystem Health, eds R. Constanza, B. G. Norton & B. D. Haskell. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 144-156.
    • (1992) Ecosystem Health , pp. 144-156
    • Rapport, D.J.1
  • 98
    • 0001688633 scopus 로고
    • Lichens as biological indicators - Recent developments
    • eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Richardson, D. H. S. (1991). Lichens as biological indicators - recent developments. In Bioindicators and Environmental Management, eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 263-272.
    • (1991) Bioindicators and Environmental Management , pp. 263-272
    • Richardson, D.H.S.1
  • 99
    • 0025206854 scopus 로고
    • The utility of stream habitat and biota for identifying potential conflicting forest land uses: Montane riparian areas
    • Rinne, J. N. (1990) The utility of stream habitat and biota for identifying potential conflicting forest land uses: montane riparian areas. For. Ecol. & Manage. 33/34, 363-383.
    • (1990) For. Ecol. & Manage. , vol.33-34 , pp. 363-383
    • Rinne, J.N.1
  • 101
    • 0022806803 scopus 로고
    • Importance of insects in environmental impact assessment
    • Rosenberg, D. M., Danks, H. V. and Lehmkuhl, D. M. (1986) Importance of insects in environmental impact assessment. Environ. Manage. 10, 773-783.
    • (1986) Environ. Manage. , vol.10 , pp. 773-783
    • Rosenberg, D.M.1    Danks, H.V.2    Lehmkuhl, D.M.3
  • 102
    • 0002812286 scopus 로고
    • Mussel as a test animal for assessing environmental pollution and the sub-lethal effects of pollutants
    • eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Salanki, J., Turpaev, T. M. and Nichaeva, M. (1991). Mussel as a test animal for assessing environmental pollution and the sub-lethal effects of pollutants. In Bioindicators and Environmental Management, eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 235-244.
    • (1991) Bioindicators and Environmental Management , pp. 235-244
    • Salanki, J.1    Turpaev, T.M.2    Nichaeva, M.3
  • 105
    • 0345070364 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring goals and programs of the US Fish and Wildlife Service
    • ed. D. M. Finch and P. W. Stangel. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft Collins, CO
    • Sauer, J. R. (1993). Monitoring goals and programs of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. In Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., No. RM-229, ed. D. M. Finch and P. W. Stangel. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft Collins, CO, pp. 245-251.
    • (1993) Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. , vol.RM-229 , pp. 245-251
    • Sauer, J.R.1
  • 106
  • 109
    • 0000695252 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tracked vehicle activity on bird populations
    • Severinghaus, W. D. and Severinghaus, M. C. (1982) Effects of tracked vehicle activity on bird populations. Environ. Manage. 6, 163-169.
    • (1982) Environ. Manage. , vol.6 , pp. 163-169
    • Severinghaus, W.D.1    Severinghaus, M.C.2
  • 110
    • 0001268660 scopus 로고
    • National environmental monitoring: A case study of the Atlantic Maritime Region
    • eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL
    • Shackell, N. L., Freedman, B. and Staicer, C. (1993). National environmental monitoring: a case study of the Atlantic Maritime Region. In Ecological Integrity and the Management Of Ecosystems, eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, pp. 131-153.
    • (1993) Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems , pp. 131-153
    • Shackell, N.L.1    Freedman, B.2    Staicer, C.3
  • 114
    • 0343449053 scopus 로고
    • The changing forest
    • Minneapolis, MN, 18-21 October 1987
    • Stearns, F. (1987). The changing forest. Proc. Soc. Amer. For. Convention, Minneapolis, MN, 18-21 October 1987, pp. 85-88.
    • (1987) Proc. Soc. Amer. For. Convention , pp. 85-88
    • Stearns, F.1
  • 115
    • 0028981919 scopus 로고
    • Use of algae in aquatic pollution assessment
    • Stewart, P. M. (1995) Use of algae in aquatic pollution assessment. Nat. Areas J. 15, 234-239.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 234-239
    • Stewart, P.M.1
  • 117
    • 0025198810 scopus 로고
    • Endpoints for regional risk assessment
    • Suter, G. W. (1990) Endpoints for regional risk assessment. Environ Manage. 14, 9-23.
    • (1990) Environ Manage. , vol.14 , pp. 9-23
    • Suter, G.W.1
  • 118
    • 85040305844 scopus 로고
    • Selection and monitoring of avian indicator species: An example from a ponderosa pine forest in the Southwest
    • Szaro, R. C. and Balda, R. P. (1982). Selection and monitoring of avian indicator species: an example from a ponderosa pine forest in the Southwest. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., RM 89.
    • (1982) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. , vol.RM 89
    • Szaro, R.C.1    Balda, R.P.2
  • 120
    • 84989457203 scopus 로고
    • Modeling dynamics of habitat-interior bird populations in fragmented landscapes
    • Temple, S. A. and Carey, J. R. (1988) Modeling dynamics of habitat-interior bird populations in fragmented landscapes. Conserv. Biol. 2, 340-347.
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 340-347
    • Temple, S.A.1    Carey, J.R.2
  • 122
    • 0001846766 scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing and relating coastal development to living marine resources and their habitats
    • Thomas, J. P. (1995) Remote sensing and relating coastal development to living marine resources and their habitats. Nat. Areas J. 15, 21-36.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 21-36
    • Thomas, J.P.1
  • 123
    • 0003298903 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife habitats in managed forests: The blue mountains of Oregon and Washington
    • Washington, DC
    • Thomas, J. W. (ed.) (1979). Wildlife habitats in managed forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Hdbk, No. 553, Washington, DC.
    • (1979) USDA For. Serv. Agric. Hdbk , vol.553
    • Thomas, J.W.1
  • 124
    • 0004239666 scopus 로고
    • John Wiley, New York
    • Thompson, S. K. (1992). Sampling. John Wiley, New York.
    • (1992) Sampling
    • Thompson, S.K.1
  • 125
    • 0009337490 scopus 로고
    • Lichens in old-growth woods in Wisconsin
    • Thomson, J. W. (1990) Lichens in old-growth woods in Wisconsin. Bull Bot. Club Wisconsin 22, 7-10.
    • (1990) Bull Bot. Club Wisconsin , vol.22 , pp. 7-10
    • Thomson, J.W.1
  • 126
    • 0042403819 scopus 로고
    • Experimental designs and statistical methods for demographic studies of rare plants
    • Travis, J. and Sutter, R. (1986) Experimental designs and statistical methods for demographic studies of rare plants. Nat. Areas J. 6(3), 3-12.
    • (1986) Nat. Areas J. , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 3-12
    • Travis, J.1    Sutter, R.2
  • 127
    • 0342579072 scopus 로고
    • Forest plan monitoring and evaluation process
    • FSH 1909.12 8/92. Chapter 6. USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC
    • USDA Forest Service (1992). Forest plan monitoring and evaluation process. Land and Resour. Manage. Hdbk, FSH 1909.12 8/92. Chapter 6. USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC.
    • (1992) Land and Resour. Manage. Hdbk
  • 130
    • 0003347814 scopus 로고
    • An integrated system for monitoring wildlife on the Sierra National Forest
    • Verner, J. (1983) An integrated system for monitoring wildlife on the Sierra National Forest. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. & Nat. Resour. Conf. 48, 355-366.
    • (1983) Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. & Nat. Resour. Conf. , vol.48 , pp. 355-366
    • Verner, J.1
  • 131
    • 0021167739 scopus 로고
    • The guild concept applied to management of bird populations
    • Verner, J. (1984) The guild concept applied to management of bird populations. Environ. Manage. 8, 1-14.
    • (1984) Environ. Manage. , vol.8 , pp. 1-14
    • Verner, J.1
  • 134
    • 0343884808 scopus 로고
    • Population monitoring: An essential link between theoretical and applied conservation biology
    • Verner, J. and Kie, J. G. (1988) Population monitoring: an essential link between theoretical and applied conservation biology. 1988 Trans. West. Sec. Wildl. Soc. 24, 18-25.
    • (1988) 1988 Trans. West. Sec. Wildl. Soc. , vol.24 , pp. 18-25
    • Verner, J.1    Kie, J.G.2
  • 135
    • 0027704589 scopus 로고
    • Pine barrens restoration experiment initiated in northern Wisconsin
    • Vora, R. S. (1993) Pine barrens restoration experiment initiated in northern Wisconsin. Restoration and Management Notes 11(1), 39-44.
    • (1993) Restoration and Management Notes , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-44
    • Vora, R.S.1
  • 136
    • 0028105345 scopus 로고
    • Integrating old-growth forest into managed landscapes, a northern Great Lakes perspective
    • Vora, R. S. (1994) Integrating old-growth forest into managed landscapes, a northern Great Lakes perspective. Nat. Areas J. 14, 113-123.
    • (1994) Nat. Areas J. , vol.14 , pp. 113-123
    • Vora, R.S.1
  • 137
    • 0343884804 scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring of environmental change using plant distribution patterns
    • eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Weinert, E. (1991). Biomonitoring of environmental change using plant distribution patterns. In Bioindicators and Environmental Management, eds D. W. Jeffrey & B. Madden. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 179-190.
    • (1991) Bioindicators and Environmental Management , pp. 179-190
    • Weinert, E.1
  • 139
    • 0028981930 scopus 로고
    • Use of coliform bacteria in assessing human sewage contamination
    • Whitman, R. L., Gochee, A. V., Dustman, W. A. and Kennedy, K. J. (1995) Use of coliform bacteria in assessing human sewage contamination. Nat. Areas J. 15, 227-233.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 227-233
    • Whitman, R.L.1    Gochee, A.V.2    Dustman, W.A.3    Kennedy, K.J.4
  • 140
    • 0028158966 scopus 로고
    • Mapping and analyzing landscape patterns
    • Wickham, J. D. and Norton, D. J. (1994) Mapping and analyzing landscape patterns. Landscape Ecol. 9, 7-23.
    • (1994) Landscape Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 7-23
    • Wickham, J.D.1    Norton, D.J.2
  • 141
    • 0028981917 scopus 로고
    • Wetland and aquatic macrophytes as indicators of anthropogenic hydrologic disturbance
    • Wilcox, D. A. (1995) Wetland and aquatic macrophytes as indicators of anthropogenic hydrologic disturbance. Nat. Areas J. 15, 240-248.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 240-248
    • Wilcox, D.A.1
  • 142
    • 0001289867 scopus 로고
    • Use of biodiversity indicators for analyzing and managing forest landscapes
    • Williams, B. L. and Marcot, B. G. (1991) Use of biodiversity indicators for analyzing and managing forest landscapes. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. & Nat. Resour. Conf. 56, 613-627.
    • (1991) Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. & Nat. Resour. Conf. , vol.56 , pp. 613-627
    • Williams, B.L.1    Marcot, B.G.2
  • 143
    • 0000424524 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and measuring ecosystem integrity in Canadian National Parks
    • eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL
    • Woodley, S. (1993). Monitoring and measuring ecosystem integrity in Canadian National Parks. In Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems, eds S. Woodley, J. Kay & G. Francis. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, pp. 155-176.
    • (1993) Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems , pp. 155-176
    • Woodley, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.