메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 110, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 291-300

Sex differences in giraffe foraging behavior at two spatial scales

Author keywords

Foraging behavior; Giraffe; Herbivore; Ruminant; Sexual dimorphism

Indexed keywords

BITE SIZE; FORAGING; GIRAFFE; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM;

EID: 0030618684     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004420050162     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (95)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 84971092359 scopus 로고
    • The determinants of herbage by grazing sheep: The interrelationship of factors influencing herbage intake and availability
    • Allden WG, Whittaker IA McD (1970) The determinants of herbage by grazing sheep: the interrelationship of factors influencing herbage intake and availability. Aust J Agric Res 21:755-777
    • (1970) Aust J Agric Res , vol.21 , pp. 755-777
    • Allden, W.G.1    Whittaker, I.A.McD.2
  • 2
    • 0016235113 scopus 로고
    • Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods
    • Altmann J (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49:227-267
    • (1974) Behaviour , vol.49 , pp. 227-267
    • Altmann, J.1
  • 3
    • 0346912101 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the diurnal activity patterns of blue wildebeest and red hartebeest
    • Ben-Shuhar R, Fairall N (1987) Comparison of the diurnal activity patterns of blue wildebeest and red hartebeest. S Afr J Wildl Res 17:49-54
    • (1987) S Afr J Wildl Res , vol.17 , pp. 49-54
    • Ben-Shuhar, R.1    Fairall, N.2
  • 4
    • 58149404011 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance and group size in ostriches
    • Bertram BCR (1980) Vigilance and group size in ostriches. Anim Behav 28:278-286
    • (1980) Anim Behav , vol.28 , pp. 278-286
    • Bertram, B.C.R.1
  • 5
    • 84985347250 scopus 로고
    • Sexual segregation and density-related changes in habitat use in male and female red deer (Cervus elephas)
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Iason GR, Guineas FE (1987) Sexual segregation and density-related changes in habitat use in male and female red deer (Cervus elephas). J Zool Lond 211:275-289
    • (1987) J Zool Lond , vol.211 , pp. 275-289
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Iason, G.R.2    Guineas, F.E.3
  • 6
    • 0022835027 scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant spinescence on large mammalian herbivores
    • Cooper SM, Owen-Smith N (1986) Effects of plant spinescence on large mammalian herbivores. Oecologia 68:446-455
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.68 , pp. 446-455
    • Cooper, S.M.1    Owen-Smith, N.2
  • 8
    • 84990113666 scopus 로고
    • The scaling of ruminoreticulum size with body weight in East African ungulates
    • Demment MW (1982) The scaling of ruminoreticulum size with body weight in East African ungulates. Afr J Ecol 20:43-47
    • (1982) Afr J Ecol , vol.20 , pp. 43-47
    • Demment, M.W.1
  • 9
    • 0020922864 scopus 로고
    • Feeding ecology and the evolution of body size of baboons
    • Demment MW (1983) Feeding ecology and the evolution of body size of baboons. Afr J Ecol 21:219-233
    • (1983) Afr J Ecol , vol.21 , pp. 219-233
    • Demment, M.W.1
  • 10
    • 0022194567 scopus 로고
    • A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores
    • Demment MW, Van Soest PJ (1985) A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. Am Nat 125:641-672
    • (1985) Am Nat , vol.125 , pp. 641-672
    • Demment, M.W.1    Van Soest, P.J.2
  • 12
    • 84995185412 scopus 로고
    • The giraffe of Nairobi National Park: Home range, sex ratios, the herd, and food
    • Foster JB (1966) The giraffe of Nairobi National Park: home range, sex ratios, the herd, and food. E Afr Wildl J 4:139-148
    • (1966) E Afr Wildl J , vol.4 , pp. 139-148
    • Foster, J.B.1
  • 13
    • 0028976015 scopus 로고
    • The functional response of herbivores: Analysis and test of a simple mechanistic model
    • Ginnett TF, Demment MW (1995) The functional response of herbivores: analysis and test of a simple mechanistic model. Funct Ecol 9:376-384
    • (1995) Funct Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 376-384
    • Ginnett, T.F.1    Demment, M.W.2
  • 15
    • 0027428199 scopus 로고
    • Functional response of herbivores in food-concentrated patches: Tests of a mechanistic model
    • Gross JE, Shipley LA, Hobbs NT, Spalinger DE, Wunder BA (1993) Functional response of herbivores in food-concentrated patches: tests of a mechanistic model. Ecology 74:778-791
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 778-791
    • Gross, J.E.1    Shipley, L.A.2    Hobbs, N.T.3    Spalinger, D.E.4    Wunder, B.A.5
  • 16
    • 0028976019 scopus 로고
    • Feeding and chewing behaviours of nubian ibex: Compensation for sex-related differences in body size
    • Gross JE, Demment MW, Alkon P, Kotzman M (1995) Feeding and chewing behaviours of nubian ibex: compensation for sex-related differences in body size. Funct Ecol 9:385-393
    • (1995) Funct Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 385-393
    • Gross, J.E.1    Demment, M.W.2    Alkon, P.3    Kotzman, M.4
  • 17
    • 0022833113 scopus 로고
    • Foraging rates of wapiti on green and cured pastures
    • Hudson RJ, Watkins WG (1986) Foraging rates of wapiti on green and cured pastures. Can J Zool 64:1705-1708
    • (1986) Can J Zool , vol.64 , pp. 1705-1708
    • Hudson, R.J.1    Watkins, W.G.2
  • 18
    • 0000383912 scopus 로고
    • Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments
    • Hurlbert SH (1984) Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol Monogr 54:187-211
    • (1984) Ecol Monogr , vol.54 , pp. 187-211
    • Hurlbert, S.H.1
  • 19
    • 84974230615 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of intake and digestion in ruminants by a model of rumen kinetics integrating animal size and plant characteristics
    • Illius AW, Gordon IJ (1991) Prediction of intake and digestion in ruminants by a model of rumen kinetics integrating animal size and plant characteristics. J Agric Sci 116:145-157
    • (1991) J Agric Sci , vol.116 , pp. 145-157
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 20
    • 0027088924 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores: Evolution of body size and competitive interactions
    • Illius AW, Gordon IJ (1992) Modelling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores: evolution of body size and competitive interactions. Oecologia 89:428-434
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.89 , pp. 428-434
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 21
    • 0013654142 scopus 로고
    • The behaviour of the giraffe in the eastern Transvaal
    • Innis AC (1958) The behaviour of the giraffe in the eastern Transvaal. Proc Zool Soc Lond 131:245-278
    • (1958) Proc Zool Soc Lond , vol.131 , pp. 245-278
    • Innis, A.C.1
  • 23
    • 0003065196 scopus 로고
    • The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference
    • Johnson DH (1980) The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference. Ecology 61:65-71
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 65-71
    • Johnson, D.H.1
  • 26
    • 84990107586 scopus 로고
    • Social organization and behavior of giraffe (Giraffa cameloparadalis) in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya
    • Leuthold BM (1979) Social organization and behavior of giraffe (Giraffa cameloparadalis) in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya. Afr J Ecol 17:19-34
    • (1979) Afr J Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 19-34
    • Leuthold, B.M.1
  • 27
    • 84990158044 scopus 로고
    • Daytime activity patterns of gerenuk and giraffe and Tsavo National Park, Kenya
    • Leuthold BM, Leuthold W (1978) Daytime activity patterns of gerenuk and giraffe and Tsavo National Park, Kenya. E Afr Wildl J 16:231-243
    • (1978) E Afr Wildl J , vol.16 , pp. 231-243
    • Leuthold, B.M.1    Leuthold, W.2
  • 28
    • 0001115835 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance while feeding and its relation to the risk of predation
    • Lima SL (1987) Vigilance while feeding and its relation to the risk of predation. J Theor Biol 124:303-316
    • (1987) J Theor Biol , vol.124 , pp. 303-316
    • Lima, S.L.1
  • 29
    • 0001687952 scopus 로고
    • Sexual segregation among ungulates: A critique
    • Main MB, Coblentz BE (1990) Sexual segregation among ungulates: a critique. Wildl Soc Bull 18:204-210
    • (1990) Wildl Soc Bull , vol.18 , pp. 204-210
    • Main, M.B.1    Coblentz, B.E.2
  • 30
    • 0029774573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual segregation in ungulates: New directions for research
    • Main MB, Weckerly FW, Bleich VC (1996) Sexual segregation in ungulates: new directions for research. J Mammal 77:449-461
    • (1996) J Mammal , vol.77 , pp. 449-461
    • Main, M.B.1    Weckerly, F.W.2    Bleich, V.C.3
  • 31
    • 0003971724 scopus 로고
    • Measuring behavior
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Martin P, Bateson P (1986) Measuring behavior. An introductory guide. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • (1986) An Introductory Guide
    • Martin, P.1    Bateson, P.2
  • 32
    • 0025682962 scopus 로고
    • Why don't bull moose eat during the rut?
    • Miquelle DG (1990) Why don't bull moose eat during the rut? Behav Ecol Sociociol 27:145-151
    • (1990) Behav Ecol Sociociol , vol.27 , pp. 145-151
    • Miquelle, D.G.1
  • 34
    • 0023496122 scopus 로고
    • Field metabolic rate and food requirement scaling in mammals and birds
    • Nagy KA (1987) Field metabolic rate and food requirement scaling in mammals and birds. Ecol Monogr 57:111-128
    • (1987) Ecol Monogr , vol.57 , pp. 111-128
    • Nagy, K.A.1
  • 36
    • 0002203112 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of foregut and hindgut fermentation in herbivores
    • Montgomery GG (ed) Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington
    • Parra R (1978) Comparison of foregut and hindgut fermentation in herbivores. In: Montgomery GG (ed) The ecology of arboreal folivores. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp 205-229
    • (1978) The Ecology of Arboreal Folivores , pp. 205-229
    • Parra, R.1
  • 37
    • 0021604657 scopus 로고
    • Food consumption and energy budgets of the giraffe
    • Pellew RA (1984a) Food consumption and energy budgets of the giraffe. J Appl Ecol 21:141-159
    • (1984) J Appl Ecol , vol.21 , pp. 141-159
    • Pellew, R.A.1
  • 38
    • 0021532555 scopus 로고
    • The feeding ecology of a selective browser, the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi)
    • Pellew RA (1984b) The feeding ecology of a selective browser, the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi). J Zool Lond 202:57-81
    • (1984) J Zool Lond , vol.202 , pp. 57-81
    • Pellew, R.A.1
  • 39
    • 0001376016 scopus 로고
    • Population, distribution, and behaviour of giraffe in the Arusha National Park, Tanzania
    • Pratt DM, Andersen VH (1982) Population, distribution, and behaviour of giraffe in the Arusha National Park, Tanzania. J Nat Hist 16:481-489
    • (1982) J Nat Hist , vol.16 , pp. 481-489
    • Pratt, D.M.1    Andersen, V.H.2
  • 40
  • 41
    • 1842304026 scopus 로고
    • Feed intake and cell wall digestion by okapi (Okapia johnstoni) and giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) in the zoo
    • Prins RA, Domhof MA (1984) Feed intake and cell wall digestion by okapi (Okapia johnstoni) and giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) in the zoo. Zool Garten 54:131-134
    • (1984) Zool Garten , vol.54 , pp. 131-134
    • Prins, R.A.1    Domhof, M.A.2
  • 42
    • 0004282518 scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute, Cary
    • SAS Institute (1988) SAS/STAT user's guide. SAS Institute, Cary
    • (1988) SAS/STAT User's Guide
  • 43
    • 0014643522 scopus 로고
    • Optimal size and specialization in constant and fluctuating environments: An energy-time approach
    • Schoener TW (1969) Optimal size and specialization in constant and fluctuating environments: an energy-time approach. Brookhaven Symp Biol 22:103-114
    • (1969) Brookhaven Symp Biol , vol.22 , pp. 103-114
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 44
    • 0000528661 scopus 로고
    • Theory of feeding strategies
    • Schoener TW (1971) Theory of feeding strategies. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 2:369-404
    • (1971) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.2 , pp. 369-404
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 46
    • 0027803473 scopus 로고
    • Anova for unbalanced data: An overview
    • Shaw RG, Mitchell-Olds T (1993) Anova for unbalanced data: an overview. Ecology 74:1638-1645
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1638-1645
    • Shaw, R.G.1    Mitchell-Olds, T.2
  • 48
    • 0039893296 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance and group size in springbok
    • Siegfried WR (1980) Vigilance and group size in springbok. Madoqua 12:151-154
    • (1980) Madoqua , vol.12 , pp. 151-154
    • Siegfried, W.R.1
  • 49
    • 0027041012 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of foraging in mammalian herbivores: New models of functional response
    • Spalinger DE, Hobbs NT (1992) Mechanisms of foraging in mammalian herbivores: new models of functional response. Am Nat 140:325-348
    • (1992) Am Nat , vol.140 , pp. 325-348
    • Spalinger, D.E.1    Hobbs, N.T.2
  • 50
    • 0024187004 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the functional response in foraging in the Sitka black-tailed deer
    • Spalinger DE, Hanley TA, Robbins CT (1988) Analysis of the functional response in foraging in the Sitka black-tailed deer. Ecology 69:1166-1175
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1166-1175
    • Spalinger, D.E.1    Hanley, T.A.2    Robbins, C.T.3
  • 51
    • 0002499482 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative study of the daily activity of the Uganda defassa waterbuck
    • Spinage CA (1968) A quantitative study of the daily activity of the Uganda defassa waterbuck. E Afr Wildl J 6:89-93
    • (1968) E Afr Wildl J , vol.6 , pp. 89-93
    • Spinage, C.A.1
  • 53
    • 0020219601 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance behavior in grazing african antelopes
    • Underwood R (1982) Vigilance behavior in grazing african antelopes. Behaviour 79:81-107
    • (1982) Behaviour , vol.79 , pp. 81-107
    • Underwood, R.1
  • 54
    • 0040155415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometry and ecology of feeding behavior and digestive capacity is herbivores: A review
    • Van Soest PJ (1996) Allometry and ecology of feeding behavior and digestive capacity is herbivores: a review, Zoo Biol 15:455-479
    • (1996) Zoo Biol , vol.15 , pp. 455-479
    • Van Soest, P.J.1
  • 56
    • 84990749885 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in giraffe feeding ecology: Energetic and social constraints
    • Young TP, Isbell LA (1991) Sex differences in giraffe feeding ecology: energetic and social constraints. Ethology 87:79-89
    • (1991) Ethology , vol.87 , pp. 79-89
    • Young, T.P.1    Isbell, L.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.