Sustainable traditional agriculture in the Tai Lake Region of China

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

Volumn 61, Issue 2-3, 1997, Pages 177-193

  Ellis, E C ^a,c   Wang, S M ^b  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^b NANJING AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Agriculture history; Nitrogen limitation; Nutrient cycling; Sustainable agriculture; Traditional agriculture; Wetland rice

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY; ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINT; HISTORIAL PERSPECTIVE; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE;

CHINA, JIANGSU PROVINCE, TAI LAKE;

MORUS (PLANT); TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 0030618021     PISSN: 01678809     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01099-7     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Agriculture Heritage Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1990. A Draft Agricultural History of the Tai Lake Region (in Chinese). Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing, 476 pp.
2. Bailey, L.H., 1917. Permanent agriculture and democracy - as suggested by the situation in China. Am. Mus. J., 17(8): 537-545.
3. Boserup, E., 1965. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure. Allen and Unwin, London, 124 pp.
4. Brodie, P., 1990. Crescent over Cathay: China and ICI, 1898 to 1956. Oxford University Press, New York, 294 pp.
5. Buck, J.L., 1930. Chinese Farm Economy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 476 pp.
6. Buck, J.L., 1937a. Land Utilization in China. Commercial Press, Shanghai, 494 pp.
7. Buck, J.L., 1937b. Land Utilization in China: Statistics. Commercial Press, Shanghai, 473 pp.
8. Bureau of Foreign Trade, 1933. China Industrial Handbooks, Kiangsu. Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Industry, Shanghai, 876 pp.
9. Cai, Y. and Smit, B., 1994a. Sustainability in agriculture: a general review. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 49: 299-307.
10. Cai, Y. and Smit, B., 1994b. Sustainability in Chinese agriculture: challenge and hope. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 49: 279-288.
11. Cassman, K.G., De Datta, S.K., Oik, D.C., Alcantara, J., Samson, M., Descalsota, J. and Dizon, M., 1995. Yield decline and the nitrogen economy of long-term experiments on continuous, irrigated rice systems in the tropics. In: R. Lal and B.A. Stewart (Editors), Soil Management: Experimental Basis for Sustainability and Environmental Quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 181-222.
12. Chang, N.F. and Chu, H.F., 1948. Soil fertility test of Szechwan province (in Chinese, with English abstract). Soils Q. Nat. Geol. Surv., 7(1): 19-25.
13. Chang, T.T., 1976. The rice cultures. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 275: 143-157.
14. Chang, W.Y.B., 1987. Large lakes of China. J. Great Lakes Res., 13(3): 235-249.
15. Chao, K., 1986. Man and Land in Chinese History, an Economic Analysis. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 268 pp.
16. Chen, F., 1149. Chen Fu's Book on Agriculture (in Chinese), 1981 reprint edition, Agriculture Press, Beijing.
17. Chen, H.L., 1958. Study of the Supplement to Master Shen's Agricultural Treatise (in Chinese). Zhonghua Shujue, Beijing, 235 pp.
18. Chen, J., Campbell, T.C., Li, J. and Peto, R., 1990. Diet, Life-Style and Mortality in China; a Study of the Characteristics of 65 Chinese Counties. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 894 pp.
19. Cressey, G.B., 1934. China's Geographic Foundations, a Survey of the Land and its People. 1st edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 436 pp.
20. Dale, T. and Carter, V.G., 1955. Topsoil and Civilization. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 270 pp.
21. David, C.C. and Barker, R., 1978. Modem rice varieties and fertilizer consumption. In: Economic Consequences of the New Rice Technology. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, pp. 175-195.
22. Deng, G., 1993. Development Versus Stagnation: Technological Continuity and Agricultural Progress in Pre-modern China. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 263 pp.
23. Du, W.Z., 1987. China's Population, Jiangsu Volume (in Chinese). Zhongguo Caizheng Jingji Publishing House, Beijing, 414 pp.
24. Editorial Board of China Agriculture Yearbook, 1994. China Agriculture Yearbook, 1994. Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing, 597 pp.
25. Elvin, M., 1973. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Eyre Methuen, London, 346 pp.
26. FAO, 1987. World Crop and Livestock Statistics, 1948-1985, Vol. 1, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 760 pp.
27. Fearnside, P.M., 1986. Human Carrying Capacity of the Brazilian Rainforest. Columbia University Press, NY, 293 pp.
28. Fu, Q.L. and Meng, C.F., 1994. Nutrient balance in farmland ecosystem under major rice-based cropping systems in subtropical zone of China (in Chinese, with English abstract). Chin. J. Ecol., 13(3): 53-56.
29. Glendining, M.J. and Powlson, D.S., 1995. The effects of long continued applications of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on soil organic nitrogen - a review. In: R. Lal and B.A. Stewart (Editors), Soil Management: Experimental Basis for Sustainability and Environmental Quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 385-446.
30. Gliessman, S.R., 1990. Quantifying the agroecological component of sustainable agriculture: a goal. In: S.R. Gliessman (Editor), Agroecology: Researching the Ecological Basis for Sustainable Agriculture, Vol. 78, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 367-370.
31. Grigg, D.B., 1974. The Agricultural Systems of the World: an Evolutionary Approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 358 pp.
32. Guo, W.T., 1994. Studies on the History of Cultivation Systems in China (in Chinese). HeHai University Press, Nanjing, 356 pp.
33. Han, C.R., 1989. Recent changes in the rural environment in China. J. Appl. Ecol., 26: 803-812.
34. Harlan, J.R., 1995. The Living Fields: Our Agricultural Heritage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 271 pp.
35. Howard, A., 1943. An Agricultural Testament. Oxford University Press, New York, 253 pp.
36. Huang, P.C.C., 1990. The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 421 pp.
37. Hwang, S.T., Pei, P.I. and Hwang, T.T., 1948. A nine year report of a continuous fertilizer experiment on rice (in Chinese, with English abstract). J. Agric. Assoc. China, (188): 2-14.
38. Institute of Nutrition and Hygiene, 1991. Chinese Food Composition Table (in Chinese). People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, 183 pp.
39. Jiangsu Department of Agriculture, 1990. A Brief History of Agricultural Development in Jiangsu (in Chinese). Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, Nanjing, 264 pp.
40. Jiangsu Statistical Bureau, 1985-1995. Jiangsu Rural Economic Materials (in Chinese). Jiangsu Statistical Bureau, Nanjing.
41. King, F.H., 1911. Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, Reprint edition, Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA, 441 pp.
42. Liang, J.M., 1989. The History of Agricultural Science and Technology in Ancient China (in Chinese). Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing, 628 pp.
43. Liu, G.X. and Jin, W.X., 1991. China's Organic Fertilizers (in Chinese). Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing, 256 pp.
44. Mitchell, R., 1984. The ecological basis for comparative primary production. In: R. Lowrance, B.R. Stinner and G.J. House (Editors), Agricultural Ecosystems: Unifying Concepts. John Wiley and Sons, NY, pp. 13-53.
45. Olson, G.W., 1981. Archaeology: lessons on future soil use. J. Soil Water Conserv., 36: 261-264.
46. Perkins, D., 1969. Agricultural Development in China, 1368-1968. Aldine, Chicago, 395 pp.
47. Powell, S.G., 1992. Development in Taihu Agricultural District. In: S.G. Powell (Editor), Agricultural Reform in China: From Communes to Commodity Economy 1978-1990. Manchester University Press, New York, pp. 102-121.
48. Richardson, H.L., 1952. The use of fertilizer field experiments as "soil tests". Transactions of the International Society for Soil Science, Committee II and IV, Vol.1. International Society for Soil Science, Second Commission, Dublin, pp. 222-230.
49. Sandor, J. A. and Eash, N.S., 1991. Significance of ancient agricultural soils for long-term agronomic studies and sustainable agriculture research. Agron. J., 83: 29-37.
50. Shih, C.Y., 1925. Studies in Chinese economic botany. Chin. Econ. Mon., 2(9): 24-29; 2(10): 36-43; 2(11): 23-36; 2(12): 37-44; 2(13) 30-44; 2(15): 38-53.
51. Shih, C.Y., 1925. Studies in Chinese economic botany. Chin. Econ. Mon., 2(9): 24-29; 2(10): 36-43; 2(11): 23-36; 2(12): 37-44; 2(13) 30-44; 2(15): 38-53.
52. Shih, C.Y., 1925. Studies in Chinese economic botany. Chin. Econ. Mon., 2(9): 24-29; 2(10): 36-43; 2(11): 23-36; 2(12): 37-44; 2(13) 30-44; 2(15): 38-53.
53. Shih, C.Y., 1925. Studies in Chinese economic botany. Chin. Econ. Mon., 2(9): 24-29; 2(10): 36-43; 2(11): 23-36; 2(12): 37-44; 2(13) 30-44; 2(15): 38-53.
54. Shih, C.Y., 1925. Studies in Chinese economic botany. Chin. Econ. Mon., 2(9): 24-29; 2(10): 36-43; 2(11): 23-36; 2(12): 37-44; 2(13) 30-44; 2(15): 38-53.
55. Shih, C.Y., 1925. Studies in Chinese economic botany. Chin. Econ. Mon., 2(9): 24-29; 2(10): 36-43; 2(11): 23-36; 2(12): 37-44; 2(13) 30-44; 2(15): 38-53.
56. Shih, J.C., 1992. Chinese Rural Society in Transition, a Case Study of the Lake Tai Area, 1368-1800. Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 217 pp.
57. Smith, B.D., 1995. The Emergence of Agriculture. Scientific American Library, New York, 231 pp.
58. Stuermer, J.R., 1980. Polder construction and the pattern of land ownership in the T'ai-Hu Basin during the Southern Sung Dynasty. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
59. Tan, H.R., 1994. Wuxi County Gazetteer (in Chinese). Shanghai People's Publishing House, Shanghai, 946 pp.
60. The Chinese Government Bureau of Economic Information, 1924. Agricultural conditions of Southern Kiangsu. Chin. Econ. Mon., 2(1): 18-23; 2(3): 6-13.
61. The Chinese Government Bureau of Economic Information, 1924. Agricultural conditions of Southern Kiangsu. Chin. Econ. Mon., 2(1): 18-23; 2(3): 6-13.
62. Thorp, J., 1936. Geography of the Soils of China. The National Geological Survey of China, Nanking, 552 pp.
63. Thorp, J., 1940. Soil changes resulting from long use of land in China. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 4: 393-398.
64. Village Socioeconomic Survey Team of the National Statistics Bureau, 1989. County-Level Village Economic Essential Statistics of China, 1980-87 (in Chinese). China Statistical Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 141-145
65. Village Socioeconomic Survey Team of the National Statistics Bureau, 1993. County-Level Village Economic Essential Statistics of China, 1991 (in Chinese). China Statistical Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 58-61
66. Wang, L.Z. and Guo, Y.X., 1994. Rice-wheat systems and their development in China. In: R.S. Paruda, T. Woodhead and R.B. Singh (Editors), Sustainability of Rice-Wheat Production Systems in Asia, RAPA Pub 1994/11. FAO, Regional Office for Asia and Pacific (RAPA), Bangkok, pp. 160-171.
67. Wang, Q., Jensen, H.H. and Johnson, S.R., 1993. China's nutrient availability and sources, 1950-91. Food Policy, 18: 403-413.
68. Watanabe, I., Crasswell, E.T. and App, A.A., 1981. Nitrogen cycling in wetland rice fields in South-East and East Asia. In: R. Wetselaar, J.R. Simpson and T. Rosswall (Editors), Nitrogen Cycling in South-East Asian Wet Monsoonal Ecosystems. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, Australia, pp. 4-17.
69. Wen, D.Z. and Pimentel, D., 1986a. Seventeenth century organic agriculture in China: I. cropping systems in Jiaxing Region. Hum. Ecol., 14(1): 1-14.
70. Wen, D.Z. and Pimentel, D., 1986b. Seventeenth century organic agriculture in China: II. energy flows through an agroecosystem in Jiaxing Region. Hum. Ecol., 14(1): 15-28.
71. Whitney, M., 1925. Soil and Civilization, a Modern Concept of Soil and the Historical Development of Agriculture. D. Van Nostrand, New York, 278 pp.
72. World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. Food 2000, Global Policies for Sustainable Agriculture. Cox and Wyman Ltd, Reading, UK, 37-45 pp.
73. World Resources Institute, 1994. World Resources, 1994-95. Oxford University Press, New York, 400 pp.
74. Wu, C.C., 1984. Land utilization. In: G. Qu and W. Lee (Editors), Managing the Environment in China. Tycooly International, Dublin, pp. 67-83.
75. Xu, Q., Lu, Y.C., Liu, Y.C. and Zhu, H.G., 1980. The Paddy Soil of Tai-Hu Region in China (Chinese and English). Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, Shanghai, 97 pp.
76. Zhao, W.L., 1988. The History of China's Population (in Chinese). People's Publishing House, Beijing, 645 pp.
77. Zhu, Z.E. and Xu, L., 1988. Wujin County Gazetteer (in Chinese). Shanghai People's Publishing House, Shanghai, 1014 pp.