Growth response of subarctic dwarf shrubs, Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea, to manipulated environmental conditions and species removal

Oikos

Volumn 78, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 440-458

  Shevtsova, Anna ^a   Haukioja, Erkki ^a   Ojala, Arja ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EMPETRUM NIGRUM; VACCINIUM VITIS IDAEA; EMPETRACEAE; ERICACEAE; VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA;

ACID RAIN; COWBERRY; CROWBERRY; GROWTH; PRECIPITATION;

FINLAND;

EID: 0030617853     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3545606     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Aarssen, L. W. and Epp, G. A. 1990. Neighbour manipulations in natural vegetation: a review. - J. Veg. Sci. 1: 13-30.
2. Baddeley, J. A., Woodin, S. J. and Alexander, I. J. 1994. Effects of increased nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the photosynthesis and nutrient relations of three arctic dwarf shrubs from Svalbard. - Funct. Ecol. 8: 676-685.
3. Bäck, J., Neuvonen, S. and Huttunen, S. 1994. Pine needle growth and fine structure after prolonged acid rain treatment in the subarctic. - Plant Cell Environ. 17: 1009-1021.
4. Bell, J. N. B. and Tallis, J. H. 1973. Empetrum nigrum L. - J. Ecol. 61: 289-305.
5. Billings, W. D. and Mooney, H. A. 1968. The ecology of arctic and alpine plants. - Biol. Rev. 43: 481-529.
6. Bliss, L. C. 1962. Adaptations of arctic and alpine plants to environmental conditions. - Arctic 15: 117-144.
7. _ 1971. Arctic and alpine plant life cycles. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 2: 405-438.
8. Brown, A. P. 1971. The Empetrum pollen record as a climatic indicator in the late Weichselian and early Flandrian of the British Isles. - New Phytol. 70: 841-849.
9. Callaghan, T. V. and Emanuelsson, U. 1985. Population structure and processes of tundra plants and vegetation. - In: White, J. (ed.), The population structure of vegetation. Junk, Dordrecht, pp. 399-439.
10. Campbell, B. D. and Grime, J. P. 1992. An experimental test of plant strategy theory. - Ecology 73: 15-29.
11. _ , Grime, J. P., Mackey, J. M. L. and Jalili, A. 1991. The quest for mechanistic understanding of resource competition in plant communities: the role of experiments. -Funct. Ecol. 5: 241-253.
12. Chapin, F. S., III and Shaver, G. R. 1985a. Arctic. - In: Chabot, B. F. and Mooney, H. A. (eds), Physiological ecology of North American plant communities. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 16-40.
13. _ and Shaver, G. R. 1985b. Individualistic growth response of tundra plant species to environmental manipulations in the field. - Ecology 66: 564-576.
14. _ and Shaver, G. R. 1996. Physiological and growth responses of Arctic plants to a field experiment simulating climatic change. - Ecology 77: 822-840.
15. _ , Jefferies, R. L., Reynolds, J. F., Shaver, G. R. and Svoboda, J. 1992. Arctic plant physiological ecology: a challenge for the future. - In: Chapin, F. S., III, Jefferies, R. L., Reynolds, J. F., Shaver, G. R. and Svoboda, J. (eds), Arctic ecosystems in a changing climate. An ecophysiological perspective. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 3-8.
16. _ , Shaver, G. R., Giblin, A. E., Nadelhoffer, K. J. and Laundre, J. A. 1995. Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. - Ecology 76: 694-711.
17. Chester, A. L. and McGraw, J. B. 1983. Effects of nitrogen addition on the growth of Vaccinium uliginosum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea. - Can. J. Bot. 61: 2316-2322.
18. Coulson, S., Hodkinson, I. D., Strathdee, A., Bale, J. S., Block, W., Worland, M. R. and Webb, N. R. 1993. Simulated climate change: the interaction between vegetation type and microhabitat temperatures at Ny Ålesund, Svalbard. - Polar. Biol. 13: 67-70.
19. Day, R. W. and Quinn, G. P. 1989. Comparisons of treatments after an analysis of variance in ecology. - Ecol. Monogr. 59: 433-463.
20. Estabrook, G. F., Winsor, J. A., Stephenson, A. G. and Howe, H. F. 1982. When are two phenological patterns different? - Bot. Gaz. 143: 374-378.
21. Field, C. B., Chapin F. S., III, Matson, P. A. and Mooney, H. A. 1992. Responses of terrestrial ecosystems to the changing atmosphere: A resource-based approach. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23: 201-235.
22. Fortelius, C., Holopainen, E., Kaurola, J., Ruosteenoja, K. and Räisänen, J. 1994. Climate models and scenarios. - In: Kanninen, M. and Heikinheimo, P. (eds), The Finnish research programme on climate change. Second progress report, Vol. 1. The Academy of Finland, Helsinki, pp. 45-51.
23. Grime, J. P. 1979. Plant strategies and vegetation processes. -Wiley, Chichester.
24. Grubb, P. J. 1985. Plant populations and vegetation in relation to habitat disturbance and competition: problems of generalization. - In: White, J. (ed.), The population structure of vegetation. Junk, The Hague, pp. 595-621.
25. Haapasaari, M. 1988. The oligotrophic heath vegetation of northern Fennoscandia and its zonation. - Acta Bot. Fenn. 135: 1-219.
26. Hänninen, H. 1991. Does climatic warming increase the risk of frost damage in northern trees? - Plant Cell Environ. 14: 449-454.
27. Havström, M., Callaghan, T. V. and Jonasson, S. 1993. Differential growth responses of Cassiope tetragona, an arctic dwarf-shrub, to environmental perturbations among three contrasting high-and subarctic sites. - Oikos 66: 389-402.
28. Heusser, C. J. 1978. Postglacial vegetation on Adac Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. - Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 105: 18-23.
29. Hinneri, S. 1974. Podzolic processes and bioelement pools in subarctic forest soils at the Kevo Station, Finnish Lapland. - Rep. Kevo Subarctic Res. Stat. 11: 26-34.
30. Hurlbert, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. - Ecol. Monogr. 54: 187-211.
31. Jonasson, S. 1988. Evaluation of the point intercept method for the estimation of plant biomass. - Oikos 52: 101-106.
32. _ 1992. Plant responses to fertilization and removal in tundra related to community structure and clonality. - Oikos 63: 420-429.
33. _ , Havström, M., Jensen, M. and Callaghan, T. V. 1993. In situ mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus of arctic soils after perturbations simulating climate change. - Oecologia 95: 179-186.
34. Karlsson, P. S. 1985a. Patterns of carbon allocation above ground in a deciduous (Vaccinium uliginosum) and an evergreen (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) dwarf shrubs. - Physiol. Plant. 63: 1-7.
35. _ 1985b. Effects of water and mineral nutrient supply on a deciduous and an evergreen dwarf shrub: Vaccinium uliginosum L. and V. vitis-idaea L. - Holarct. Ecol. 8: 1-8.
36. _ 1985c. Photosynthetic characteristics and leaf carbon economy of a deciduous and an evergreen dwarf shrub: Vaccinium uliginosum L. and V. vitis-idaea L. - Holarct. Ecol. 8: 9-17.
37. _ 1987. Niche differentiation with respect to light utilization among coexisting dwarf shrubs in a subarctic woodland. -Polar. Biol. 8: 35-39.
38. Levy, E. G. and Madden, E. A. 1933. The point method of pasture analyses. - N. Z. J. Agric. 46: 267-279.
39. Lindholm, T. 1980. Dynamics of the height growth of the hummock dwarf shrubs Empetrum nigrum L. and Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull on a raised bog. - Ann. Bot. Fenn. 17: 343-356.
40. Maxwell, B. 1992. Arctic climate: potential for change under global warming. - In: Chapin, F. S., III, Jefferies, R. L., Reynolds, J. F., Shaver, G. R. and Svoboda, J. (eds), Arctic ecosystems in a changing climate. An ecophysiological perspective. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 11-34.
41. Mitchell, J. F. B., Manabe, S., Meleshko, V. and Tokioka, T. 1990. Equilibrium climate change - and its implications for the future. - In: Houghton, J. T., Jenkins, G. J. and Ephraums, J. J. (eds), Climate change, the IPCC scientific assessment. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 131-172.
42. Mutikainen, P. and Ojala, A. 1993. Simulated herbivory and air pollution - growth and reproduction of an evergreen dwarf shrub, Empetrum nigrum. - Acta Oecol. 14: 771-780.
43. Nadelhoffer, K. J., Giblin, A. E., Shaver, G. R. and Laundre, J. L. 1991. Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in six arctic soils. - Ecology 72: 242-253.
44. Nygaard, P. H. and Abrahamsen, G. 1991. Effects of long-term artificial acidification on the ground vegetation and soil in a 100 year-old stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). - Plant. Soil. 131: 151-160.
45. Oberbauer, S. and Miller, P. C. 1982. Growth of Alaskan tundra plants in relation to water potential. - Holarct. Ecol. 5: 194-199.
46. Parsons, A. N., Welker, J. M., Wookey, P. A., Press, M. C., Callaghan, T. V. and Lee, J. A. 1994. Growth responses of four sub-Arctic dwarf shrubs to simulated environmental change. - J. Ecol. 82: 307-318.
47. _ , Press, M. C., Wookey, P. A., Welker, J. M., Robinson, C. H., Callaghan, T. V. and Lee, J. A. 1995. Growth responses of Calamagrostis lapponica to simulated environmental change in the Sub-arctic. - Oikos 72: 61-66.
48. Perttu, K., Odin, H. and Engsjö, T. 1978. Bearbetade klimatdata från SMHI-stationerna i Sverige. 1. Vegetationsperioded, temperatursummor och växtenheter för enstaka år Perioden 1961-1976. - Res. Notes Dept. Reforestation, Stockholm 100: 1-344.
49. Potvin, C., Lechowicz, M. J. and Tardif, S. 1990. The statistical analysis of ecophysiological response curves obtained from experiments involving repeated measures. - Ecology 71: 1389-1400.
50. Ritchie, J. C. 1955. Biological flora of the British Isles. Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. - J. Ecol. 43: 701-708.
51. SAS Institute Inc. 1990. SAS/STAT™ Guide for personal computers. Version 6 ed. - SAS lnst. Inc., Gary, NC.
52. Shaver, G. R. and Chapin, F. S., III. 1986. Effect of fertilizer on production and biomass of tussock tundra, Alaska, U.S.A. - Arct. Alp. Res. 18: 261-268.
53. Shevtsova, A., Ojala, A., Neuvonen, S., Vieno, M. and Haukioja, E. 1995. Growth and reproduction of dwarf shrubs in a subarctic plant community: annual variation and above-ground interactions with neighbours. - J. Ecol. 83: 263-275.
54. Smirnov, N. V. 1939. Estimate of deviation between empirical distribution functions in two independent samples. - Bull. Moscow Univ. 2: 3-16.
55. Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. 1981. Biometry, 2nd ed. -Freeman, San Francisco.
56. 2 on plants and ecosystems. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 2: 18-21.
57. Tamm, C. O., Wiklander, G. and Popowic, B. 1977. Effects of application of sulphuric acid to poor pine forest. - Water Air Soil Pollut. 8: 75-87.
58. Tilman, D. 1988. Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities. - Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
59. Tolvanen, A. 1994. Recovery ability and plant architecture: a comparison of two Ericaceous dwarf shrubs. - Ph.D. Diss., Dept of Botany, Univ. of Oulu, Finland.
60. Welker, J. M., Wookey, P. A., Parsons, A. N., Press, M. C., Callaghan, T. V. and Lee, J. A. 1993. Leaf carbon isotope discrimination and vegetative responses of Dryas octopetala to temperature and water manipulations in a high Arctic polar semi-desert, Svalbard. - Oecologia 95: 463-469.
61. Wilson, S. D. and Keddy, P. A. 1986. Measuring diffuse competition along an environmental gradient: results from a shoreline plant community. - Am. Nat. 127: 862-869.
62. _ and Tilman, D. 1993. Plant competition and resource availability in response to disturbance and fertilization. -Ecology 74: 599-611.
63. Wookey, P. A., Parsons, A. N., Welker, J. M., Potter, J. A., Callaghan, T. V., Lee, J. A. and Press, M. C. 1993. Comparative responses of phenology and reproductive development to simulated environmental change in sub-arctic and high arctic plants. - Oikos 67: 490-502.
64. _ , Welker, J. M., Parsons, A. N., Press, M. C., Callaghan, T. V. and Lee, J. A. 1994. Differential growth, allocation and photosynthetic responses of Polygonum viviparum to simulated environmental change at a high arctic polar semi-desert. - Oikos 70: 131-139.
65. _ , Robinson, C. H., Parsons, A. N., Welker, J. M., Press, M. C., Callaghan, T. V. and Lee, J. A. 1995. Environmental constraints on the growth, photosynthesis and reproductive development of Dryas octopetala at a high Arctic polar semi-desert, Svalbard. - Oecologia 102: 478-489.
66. Zackrisson, O., Nilsson, M.-C., Steijlen, I. and Hörnberg, G. 1995. Regeneration pulses and climate - vegetation interactions in nonpyrogenic boreal Scots pine stands. - J. Ecol. 83: 469-483.