Measurements of aerosol fluxes to speulderforest using a micrometeorological technique

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 359-373

  Gallagher, M W ^a   Beswick, K M ^a   Duyzer, J ^b   Westrate, H ^b   Choularton, T W ^a   Hummelshoj P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b TNO   (Netherlands)

^c TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DRY DEPOSITION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FOREST; METEOROLOGY; NETHERLANDS; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VELOCITY;

AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTION; DEPOSITION; FORESTRY; METEOROLOGICAL PROBLEMS; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

DRY DEPOSITION; FORESTS;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;

AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; FOREST CANOPY; PARTICLE SIZE; THROUGHFALL; VELOCITY;

NETHERLANDS, SPEULDER;

EID: 0030617406     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00057-X     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Beswick K. M., Hargreaves K. J., Gallagher M. W., Choularton T. W. and Fowler D. (1991) Size-resolved measurements of cloud droplet deposition velocity to a canopy using an eddy correlation technique. Q. Jl R. Met. Soc. 117, 623-645.
2. Choularton T. W., Consterdine I. E., Gardner B. A., Gay M. J., Hill M. K., Latham J. and Stromberg I. M. (1986) Field studies of the optical and microphysical characteristics of clouds enveloping Great Dun Fell. Q. Jl R. Met. Soc. 112, 131-148.
3. Duyzer J. and Bosveld F. C. (1986) Interim report: Measurements of dry deposition of air pollutants. MT-TNO report R86/159, The Netherlands.
4. Duyzer J., Westrate H., Beswick K. and Gallagher, M. W. (1994) Measurements of the dry deposition flux of sulphate and nitrate aerosols to the Speulderbos using micrometeorological methods. TNO Report TNO-MW-R 94/255, 21 October 1994, Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification, TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 6011, NL-2600 JA, Delft, The Netherlands.
5. Duyzer J., Westrate H., Dierderen M. A., Vermetten A., Hofschreuder P., Wyers P., Bosveld F. C. and Erisman J. W. (1994) The deposition of acidifying compounds and ozone to the Speulderbos derived from gradient measurements in 1989 and 1989. TNO Report R94/095.
6. Duyzer J., Westrate H., Beswick K. and Gallagher M. (1994) Measurements of the dry deposition flux of sulphate and nitrate aerosols to the Speulderbos using Micrometeorological methods. TNO Report, TNO-MW-R 94/244, 21 October 1994, Order # 51628, Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification.
7. Erisman J. W., Mennen M. G., Hogenkamp J. E. M., Kemkers E., Goedhart D., van Pul W. A. J., Boermans G. M. F., Duyzer J. H. and Wyers G. P. (1993) Evaluation of dry deposition measurements for monitoring applicatiom over the Speulder forest. Report 722108002, RIVM, Bilthoven.
8. Erisman J. W., Draaijer G., Duyzer J., Hofschreuder, van Leeuwen N., Römer, Ferdinand, Ruijgrok W. and Wyers P. (1995) The aerosol project: introduction and background. Atmospheric Environment 31, 327-331.
9. Fairall, C. W. (1984) Interpretation of eddy correlation measurements of particulate deposition and aerosol flux. Atmospheric Environment 18, 1329-1337.
10. Gallagher M. W., Fontan J., Wyers P., Ruijgrok, Duyzer J., Hummelshøj P. and Fowler, D. (1995) Atmospheric particles and their interactions with natural surfaces. Biatex Review Paper, submitted to Eurotrac.
11. Gallagher M. W., Choularton T. W., Wicks A., Beswick K. M., Coe H., Sutton M., Fowler D., Duyzer J. and Wyers P. (1992) Measurements of aerosol exchange to Heather Moor. In Proc. Eurotrac Symp. 1992, Garmisch Partenkirchen, 23-27 March 1992 (edited by Borrel P. M., Borrel P., Cvitas T. and Seiler W.), pp. 694-698. ISBN 90-5103-082-7.
12. Garland J. A. and Cox L. C. (1982) Deposition of small particles to grass. Atmospheric Environment 16, 2699-2702.
13. Hicks B. B. (1984). Deposition Both Wet and Dry (edited by Hicks). Acid. Precip. Serie, Vol. 4 (edited by Teasey J. I.). Butterworths, London.
14. Hicks B. B., Baldocchi D. D., Meyers A. J., Hosker R. P. and Matt D. R. (1987) A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving dry deposition velocities from measured quantities. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 36, 311-330.
15. Hicks B. B., Draxler R. R., Albritton D. L., Fehsenfeld F. C., Hales J. M., Meyers T. P., Vong R. L., Dodge M., Schwartz S. E., Tanner R. L., Davidson C. I., Lindberg S. E. and Wesely M. L. (1989) Atmospheric processes research and process model development. State of Science/ Technology, Report No. 2. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.
16. Hummelshøj P. (1992) Dry deposition of particles and gases Ph.D. thesis, RISØ National Laboratory, Denmark.
17. Jans W. W. P., van Roekel G. M., van Orden W. H. and Steingröver E. G. (1994) Above ground biomass of adult Douglas fir. Institute for Forestry and Nature Research IBN Research Report 94/1, The Netherlands.
18. Joutsenoja T. (1992) Measurements of Aerosol deposition to a cereal crop. In Measurements and Modelling of Gases and Aerosols to Complex Terrain. NERC Report 1992, GR3/7259 A.P.I. Choularton T.W., Appendix X1.2.
19. Katen P. C. and Hubbe J. M. (1983) Size resolved measurements by eddy correlation of the dry deposition velocity of atmospheric aerosols. In Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition and Resuspension (edited by Pruppacher, Semonin R. G. and Slinn W. G.), pp. 953-961. Elsevier, New York.
20. Lamaud E., Brunet Y., Labatut A., Lopez A., Fontan J. and Druilhet A. (1994a) The Landes experiment: biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of ozone and aerosol particles above a pine forest. J. geophys. Res. 99, 16,511-16,521.
21. 2 greenhouse gases. Why and how to control. Maastricht, December 1993, Environmental Monitoring Assessment, No. 31, pp. 175-181.
22. Lamaud E., Fontan J., Lopez A. and Druilhet A. (1994c) Parameterization of the dry deposition velocity of sub-micron aerosol particles. In Air Pollution II, Vol. 2. Pollution Control and Monitoring, pp. 433-440. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southamption, Boston.
23. Lenschow D. H. and Raupach (1991) The attenuation of fluctuations in scalar concentrations through sampling tubes. J. geophys. Res. 96, 15,259-15,268.
24. 2 flux measuremenls using open- and closed-path gas analyzers: corrections for analyzer water vapour sensitivity and damping of fluctuations in air sampling tubes. Boundary-Layer Met. 53, 63-76.
25. Lorenz R. and Murphy J. R. (1989) Dry deposition of particles to a pine plantation. Boundary-Layer Met. 46, 355-366.
26. Lovett G. M. (1981) Forest structure and atmospheric interactions: predictive models for subalpine fir forests. Ph.D. thesis, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
27. Lovett G. M. (1984) Rates and mechanisms of cloud waler deposition to a subalpine balsam fir forest. Atmospheric Environment 19, 361-371.
28. Lovett G. M. (1986) Canopy structure and cloud water deposition in a subalpine coniferous forest Tellus 36, 319-327.
29. Neumann H. H. and den Hartog G. (1985) Eddy correlation measurements of atmospheric fluxes of ozone, sulphur and particulates during the Champaign intercomparison study. J. geophys. Res. 90, 2097-2110.
30. Peters K. and Eiden R. (1992) Modelling the dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles to a spruce forest. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 2555-2564.
31. Ruijgrok W., Tieben H. and Eisinga P. (1994). Dry deposition of acidifying and alkaline particles to Douglas fir - a comparison of measurements and model results. 20159-KES/MLU 94-3216#83397.KC.17-94P02, KEMA Report Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification.
32. Seinfeld J. H. (1986) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution. Wiley Interscience, New York.
33. Sievering H. (1982) Profile measurements of particle dry deposition velocity at an air-land interface. Atmospheric Environment 16, 301-306.
34. Sievering H. (1983) Eddy flux and profile measurements of small particle dry-deposition velocity at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory. In Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition and Resuspension (ediled by Pruppacher, Semonin R. G. and Slinn W. G.), pp. 963-977.
35. Sievering H. (1987) Small particle dry deposition under high wind speed conditions: eddy flux measurements at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory. Atmospheric Environment 21, 2179-2185.
36. Sievering H. (1988) Small-particle dry deposition measurements: a comparison of gradient and eddy-flux techniques over agricultural fields. In 81, Annual Meeting of Air Pollution Central Association, Dallas, Texas, 19-24 June 1988, Vol. 6, p. 88-101.8.
37. Slinn W. G. N. (1982) Predictions for particle deposition to vegetative canopies. Atmospheric Environment 16, 1785-1794.
38. Stelson A. W. and Seinfeld J. H. (1982) Relative humidity and temperature dependence of the ammonium nitrate dissociation constant. Atmospheric Environment 16, 983-992.
39. Tanner B. D. and Campbell G. S. (1988) In Application Notes for the Use of the Campbell Krypton Hygrometer for Measurements of Atmospheric Water Vapour Concentration. Version 2/4.88. Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan.
40. Tanner C. B. and Thurtell G. W. (1969) Final Report TRECOM 66-622-F, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A.
41. Vong R. J. and Kowalski A. S. (1995) Eddy correlation measurements of size-dependent cloud droplet turbulent fluxes to forest. Tellus 47B, 331-352.
42. 3 deposition to Douglas fir. Experimental observations and data analysis. Atmospheric Environment (submitted).
43. Waraghai A. and Gravenhorst G. (1989) Dry deposition of atmospheric particles to an old spruce stand. In Mechanisms and Effects of Pollutant-Transfer into Forests (edited by Georgii W.), pp. 77-86. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
44. Wesely M. L. and Hicks B. B. (1977) Some factors that affect the deposition rates of sulfur dioxide and similar gases on vegetation. J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc. 27, 1110-1116.
45. Wesely M. L., Hicks B. B., Dannevik W. P., Frisella S. and Husar R. B. (1977) An eddy correlation measurement of particulate deposition from the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 11, 561-563.
46. Wesely M. L., Cook D. R. and Hart R. L. (1983) Fluxes of gases and particles above a deciduous forest in Wintertime. Boundary-Layer Met. 27, 237-255.
47. Wesely M. L., Cook D. R., Hart R. L., Hicks B. B., Durham G. L., Speer R. E., Stedman D. H. and Tropp R. J. (1983) Eddy correlation measurements of dry deposition of particulate sulphur and sub-micron particles. In Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition and Resuspension (edited by Pruppacher, Semonin R. G. and Slinn W. G.), p. 943. Elsevier, New York.
48. Wesely M. L., Cook D. R. and Hart R. L. (1985) Measurements and parameterisations of particulate sulphur dry deposition over grass. J. geophys. Res. 90, 2131-2143.
49. Wiman B. L. B. and Ågren G. I. (1985) Aerosol depletion and deposition in forests - a model analysis. Atmospheric Environment 19, 335-362.