Demographic change and microhabitat variability in a grassland endemic, Silene douglasii var. oraria (Caryophyllaceae)

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 84, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 179-189

  Kephart, Susan R ^a   Paladino, Christy ^a,b  

^a WILLAMETTE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

demography; endemism; microhabitat variability; population dynamics; rarity; Silene

Indexed keywords

SILENE DOUGLASII; CARYOPHYLLACEAE; SILENE DOUGLASII ORARIA;

DEMOGRAPHY; ENDEMIC PLANT; MICROHABITAT; POPULATION DYNAMICS;

USA, OREGON;

EID: 0030617051     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2446079     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. BASKIN, J., AND C. BASKIN. 1988. Endemism in rock outcrop plant communities of unglaciated eastern United States: an evaluation of the roles of the edaphic, genetic, and light factors. Journal of Biogeography 15: 829-840.
2. BAZZAZ, F. 1991. Habitat selection in plants. American Naturalist 137: S116-S130.
3. BELL, G., AND M. LECHOWICZ. 1994. Spatial heterogeneity at small scales and how plants respond to it. In M. Caldwell and R. Pearcy [eds.], Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants, 391-414. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
4. BERGEN, A. 1985. Population biology and associates of Silene douglasii var. oraria. Unpublished report, The Nature Conservancy, Oregon Field Office, Portland, OR.
5. BIERZYCHUDEK, P. 1982. The demography of jack-in-the-pulpit, a forest perennial that changes sex. Ecological Monographs 52: 335-351.
6. CASWELL, H. 1989. Matrix population models. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
7. DOLAN, R. 1994. Patterns of isozyme variation in relation to population size, isolation and phytogeographic history in royal catchfly (Silene regia). American Journal of Botany 81: 965-972.
8. DOAK, D., AND L. MILLS. 1994. A useful role for theory in conservation. Ecology 75: 615-626.
9. DE KROON, H., A. PLAISER, J. VAN GROENENDAEL, AND H. CASWELL. 1986. Elasticity: the relative contribution of demographic parameters to population growth rate. Ecology 67: 1427-1431.
10. ENRIGHT, N., M. FRANCO, AND J. SILVERTOWN. 1995. Comparing plant life histories using elasticity analysis: the importance of life span and the number of life-cycle stages. Oecologia 104: 79-84.
11. FALINSKA, K. 1991. Plant demography in vegetation succession. Kluwer, Boston, MA.
12. FAHRIG, L., AND G. MERRIAM. 1994. Conservation of fragmented populations. Conservation Biology 8: 50-59.
13. FALK, D., C. MILLAR, AND M. OLWELL. 1996. Restoring Diversity: Strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants. Island Press, Washington, DC.
14. FEDERAL REGISTER. 1993, 1996. Plant taxa for listing as endangered or threatened species. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
15. FERSON, S. 1991. RAMAS/Stage: generalized stage-based modeling for population dynamics. Applied Biomathematics, Setauket, NY.
16. FIEDLER, P. 1986. Concepts of rarity in vascular plant species, with special reference to the genus Calochortus Pursh (Liliaceae). Taxon 35: 502-518.
17. _. 1987. Life history and population dynamics of rare and common mariposa lilies (Calochortus Pursh: Liliaceae). Journal of Ecology 75: 977-995.
18. GILPIN, M., AND M. SOULÉ. 1986. Minimum viable populations: processes of species extinction. In M. Soulé (ed.), Viable populations for conservation, 19-35, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
19. GOODMAN, D. 1987. The demography of chance extinction. In M. Soulé [ed.], Viable populations for conservation, 11-34. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
20. GONOR, J. 1984. Natural area analysis report: Cascade Head Preserve. Oregon Natural Heritage Advisory Council, Salem, OR.
21. GROSS, K., AND P. WERNER. 1982. Colonizing abilities of "biennial" plant species in relation to ground cover: implications for their distributions in a successional sere. Ecology 63: 921-931.
22. GRUBB, P. 1977. The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biological Reviews 52: 107-145.
23. GUERRANT, E. 1992. Genetic and demographic considerations in the sampling and reintroduction of rare plants. In P. Fiedler and S. Jain [eds.], Conservation biology: the theory and practice of nature conservation, preservation, and management, 321-344. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY.
24. HARPER, J. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London.
25. HARTNETT, D., AND F. BAZZAZ. 1985. The genet and ramet population dynamics of Solidago canadensis in an abandoned field. Journal of Ecology 73: 407-413.
26. HERBEN, T., F. KRAHULEC, V. HADINCOVA, AND M. KOVAROVA. 1993. Small-scale spatial dynamics of plant species in a grassland community over six years. Journal of Vegetation Science 4: 171-178.
27. HORVITZ, C., AND D. SCHEMSKE. 1995. Spatiotemporal variation in demographic transitions of a tropical understory herb: projection matrix analysis. Ecological Monographs 65: 155-192.
28. HUENNEKE, L., AND R. SHARITZ. 1990. Substrate heterogeneity and regeneration of a swamp tree, Nyssa aquatica. American Journal of Botany 77: 413-419.
29. HUTCHINGS, M., K. BOOTH, AND S. WAITE. 1991. Comparison of survivorship by the logrank test: criticisms and alternatives. Ecology 72: 2290-2291.
30. _, AND A. SLADE. 1988. Aspects of the structure of clonal perennial herbs. In M. Werger, P. van der Aart, H. During, and J. Vehoeven [eds.], Plant form and vegetation structure, 129-134, SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague.
31. JULES, E. In press. Consequences of forest fragmentation for the understory plant, Trillium ovatum. In Proceedings, Conservation and Management of Oregon's Native Flora. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
32. KEPHART, S., AND S. NEBENZAHL. 1983. Population status, phenology, and reproductive biology of an Oregon coastal endemic, Silene douglasii var. oraria. Willamette Journal of the Liberal Arts 1:27-42.
33. _, AND K. STURGEON. 1993. A new varietal designation in Silene douglasii. Madroño 40: 90-100.
34. KLEMOW, K., AND D. RAYNAL. 1983. Population biology of an annual plant in a temporally variable habitat. Journal of Ecology 71: 691-703.
35. _, AND D. RAYNAL. 1985. Demography of two facultative biennial plant species in an unproductive habitat. Journal of Ecology 73: 147-167.
36. KUNIN, W., AND K. GASTON. 1993. The biology of rarity: patterns, causes and consequences. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8: 298-301.
37. LANDE, R. 1988. Genetics and demography in biological conservation. Science 241: 1455-1460.
38. LESICA, P. 1993. Loss of fitness resulting from pollinator exclusion in Silene spaldingii (Caryophyllaceae). Madroño 40: 193-201.
39. _, AND J. SHELLY. 1995. Effects of reproductive mode on demography and life history in Arabis fecunda (Brassicaceae). American Journal of Botany 82: 752-762.
40. _, AND B. STEELE. 1994. Prolonged dormancy in vascular plants and implications for monitoring studies. Natural Areas Journal 14: 209-212.
41. LOVETT DOUST, L. 1981. Population dynamics and local specialization in a clonal perennial (Ranunculus repens) I. The dynamics of ramets in contrasting habitats. Journal of Ecology 69: 743-755.
42. LYNCH, M., J. CONERY, AND R. BURGER. 1995. Mutation accumulation and the extinction of small populations. American Naturalist 146: 489-518.
43. MACE, G., AND R. LANDE. 1991. Assessing extinction threats: toward a reevaluation of IUCN threatened species categories. Conservation Biology 5: 148-157.
44. MATLACK, G., AND J. HARPER. 1986. Spatial distribution and the performance of individual plants in a natural population of Silene dioica. Oecologia (Berlin) 70: 121-127.
45. MENGES, E. 1990. Population viability analysis for an endangered plant. Conservation Biology 4 : 52-62.
46. _. 1991. The application of minimum viable population theory to plants. In D. Falk and K. Holsinger [eds.], Genetics and conservation of rare plants, 45-61. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
47. _. 1992. Stochastic modeling of extinction in plant populations. In P. Fiedler and S. Jain [eds.], Conservation biology: the theory and practice of nature conservation, preservation, and management, 253-275. Chapman and Hill, New York, NY.
48. _. 1995. Factors limiting fecundity and germination in small populations of Silene regia (Caryophyllaceae), a rare hummingbird-pollinated prairie forb. American Midland Naturalist 133: 242-255.
49. MOLONEY, K. 1988. Fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in the demography of a perennial bunchgrass. Ecology 69: 1588-1598.
50. _. 1990. Shifting demographic control of a perennial bunchgrass along a natural habitat gradient. Ecology 71: 1133-1143.
51. NOAA (NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION). 1982-1992. Local climatological data. NOAA Environmental Data Service, Asheville, NC.
52. PAVLIK, B. 1994. Demographic monitoring and the recovery of endangered plants. In B. Bowles and C. Whelan [eds.], Restoration of endangered species, 322-350. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
53. _, D. NICKRENT, AND A. HOWALD. 1993. The recovery of an endangered plants. I. Creating a new population of Amsinckia grandiflora. Conservation Biology 7: 510-526.
54. PICKERING, D., AND C. MACDONALD. 1993. Fire effects on coastal headland grassland communities and their associated species. Nature Conservancy Report. Katharine Ordway Stewardship Endowment, Arlington, VA.
55. RABINOWITZ, D. 1981. Seven forms of rarity. In H. Synge [ed.], The biological aspects of rare plant conservation, 205-217, John Wiley & Sons, London.
56. RIPLEY, D. 1983. Description of the plant communities and succession of the Oregon coast grasslands. PhD dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
57. ROBERTS, H. 1986. Seed persistence in soil and seasonal emergence in plant species from different habitats. Journal of Applied Ecology 23: 639-656.
58. SCHEMSKE, D., B. HUSBAND, M. RUCKELSHAUS, C. GOODWILLIE, I. PARKER, AND G. BISHOP. 1994. Evaluating approaches to the conservation of rare and endangered plants. Ecology 75: 584-606.
59. SCHUPP, E. 1995. Seed-seedling conflicts, habitat choice, and patterns of plant recruitment. American Journal of Botany 82: 399-409.
60. SIDDALL, J., AND K. CHAMBERS. 1978. Status report for Silene douglasii var. oraria. Oregon Rare and Endangered Plant project.
61. SILVERTOWN, J, M. FRANCO, I. PISANTY, AND A. MENDOZA. 1993. Comparative plant demography-relative importance of life-cycle components to the finite rate of increase in wood and herbaceous perennials. Journal of Ecology 81: 465-476.
62. SIMBERLOFF, D. 1988. The contribution of population and community biology to conservation science. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19: 473-511.
63. SNYDER, K., J. BASKIN, AND C. BASKIN. 1994. Comparative ecology of the narrow endemic Echinacea tenneesseensis and two geographically widespread congeners: relative competitive ability and growth characteristics. International Journal of Plant Sciences 155: 57-65.
64. SOKAL, R., AND F. ROHLF. 1969. Biometry. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA.
65. TILMAN, D. 1985. The resource-ratio hypothesis of plant succession. American Naturalist 125: 827-852.
66. _. 1993. Species richness of experimental productivity gradients: how important is colonization limitation? Ecology 74: 2179-2191.
67. _, AND D. WEDIN. 1991. Dynamics of nitrogen competition between successional grasses. Ecology 72: 1038-1049.
68. TURKINGTON, R., AND L. AARSSEN. 1984. Local-scale differentiation as a result of competitive interactions. In R. Dirzo and J Sarukhan [eds.], Perspectives on plant population ecology, 107-127, Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
69. WAGNER, L., AND T. SPIRA. 1994. Germination, recruitment and survival in the weedy annual Medicago polymorpha in successive wet and dry years. American Midland Naturalist 131: 98-108.
70. WEINER, J. 1986. How competition for light affects size variability in Ipomea tricolor populations. Ecology 67: 1425-1427.
71. WEAVER, J. 1958. Classification of root systems of forbs of grassland and a consideration of their significance. Ecology 39: 393-401.
72. WERNER, P., AND H. CASWELL. 1977. Colonization success of a biennial plant species: experimental field studies of species cohabitation and replacement. Ecology 58: 840-849.
73. WESTERBERGH, A., AND A. SAURA. 1994. Genetic differentiation in endemic Silene (Caryophyllaceae) on the Hawaiian Islands. American Journal of Botany 8: 1487-1493.