Continuous soil maps - A fuzzy set approach to bridge the gap between aggregation levels of process and distribution models

Geoderma

Volumn 77, Issue 2-4, 1997, Pages 169-195

  De Gruijter, J J ^a   Walvoort, D J J ^a   Van Gaans, P F M ^b  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Aggregation level; Cluster analysis; Compositional data; Continuous soil map; Fuzzy sets; Kriging

Indexed keywords

CLUSTER ANALYSIS; FUZZY SET; KRIGING; SOIL MAP; SOIL SURVEY; THEORY;

EID: 0030617044     PISSN: 00167061     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00021-9     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (51)

1. Barnes, R.J., Kwangho You, 1992. Adding bounds to Kriging. Math. Geol. 24, 171-176.
2. Beale, E.M.L., 1968. Mathematical Programming in Practice. Pitman, London, 195 pp.
3. Bezdek, J.C., 1974. Numerical taxonomy with fuzzy sets. J. Math. Biol. 1, 57-71.
4. Bezdek, J.C., 1981. Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms. Plenum Press, New York, 256 pp.
5. Bezdek, J.C., Ehrlich, R., Full, W., 1984. FCM: The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Comput. Geosci. 10, 191-203.
6. Bosma, W.J.P., Marinussen, M.P.J.C., Van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M., 1994. Simulation and areal interpolation of reactive solute transport. Geoderma 62, 217-231.
7. Brus, D.J., Jansen, M.J.W., 1993. Incorporating the sampling error of non-ergodic variograms in kriging estimation errors. In: D.J. Brus (Editor), Incorporating Models of Spatial Variation in Sampling Strategies for Soil. Doctoral Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, pp. 169-189.
8. Brus, D.J., De Gruijter, J.J., Marsman, B.A., Visschers, R., Bregt, A.K., Breeuwsma, A., Bouma, J., 1996. The performance of spatial interpolation methods and choropleth maps to estimate properties at points: a soil survey case study. Environmetrics 7, 1-16.
9. Burrough, P.A., MacMillan, R.A., Van Deursen, W., 1992. Fuzzy classification methods for determining land suitability from soil profile observations and topography. J. Soil Sci. 43, 193-210.
10. Burrough, P.A., Van Gaans, P.F.M., Hootsmans, R. 1997. Continuous classification in soil survey: spatial correlation, confusion and boundaries. In: J.J. De Gruijter, A.B. McBratney and K. McSweeney (Editors), Fuzzy Sets in Soil Science. Geoderma 77, 115-135 (this issue).
11. Chang, L., Burrough, P.A., 1987. Fuzzy reasoning: a new quantitative aid for land evaluation. Soil Surv. Land Eval. 7, 69-80.
12. Davidson, D.A., Theocharopoulos, S.P., Bloksma, R.J., 1994. A land evaluation project in Greece using GIS and based on Boolean and fuzzy set methodologies. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst. 8 (4), 369-384.
13. De Bakker, H., Schelling, J., 1989. Systeem van bodemclassificatie voor Nederland. De hogere niveaus. (A system of soil classification for the Netherlands. The higher levels.) Centrum voor Landbouwpublikaties en Landbouwdocumentatie, Wageningen.
14. De Gruijter, J.J., Bie, S.W., 1975. A discrete approach to automated mapping of multivariate systems. In: J.M. Wilford-Brickwood, R. Bertrand and L. van Zuylen (Editors), Automation in Cartography. Proc. Technical Working Session, Comm. III Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 1975, Enschede, pp. 17-28.
15. De Gruijter, J.J., McBratney, A.B., 1988. A modified fuzzy k-means method for predictive classification. In: H.H. Bock (Editor), Classification and Related Methods of Data Analysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 97-104.
16. De Wit, C.T., Van Keulen, H., 1987. Modelling production of field crops and its requirements. Geoderma 40, 253-265.
17. Dunn, J.C., 1974. A fuzzy relative of the ISODATA process and its use in detecting compact well-separated clusters. J. Cybernetics 3 (3), 32-57.
18. Genstat 5 Committee, 1993. Genstat 5 release 3 Reference Manual. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 796 pp.
19. Hall, G.B., Wang, F., Subaryono, 1992. Comparison of Boolean and fuzzy classification methods in land suitability analysis by using geographical information systems. Environ. Planning A24, 497-516.
20. Hendricks Franssen, H.J.W.M., Van Eijnsbergen, A.C., Stein, A., 1997. Use of spatial prediction techniques and fuzzy classification for mapping soil pollutants. In: J.J. De Gruijter, A.B. McBratney and K. McSweeney (Editors), Fuzzy Sets in Soil Science. Geoderma, 77: 243-262 (this issue).
21. Heuvelink, G.B.M., 1993. Error Propagation in Quantitative Spatial Modelling. Applications in Geographical Information Systems. Doctoral Thesis, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
22. Kandel, A., 1982. Fuzzy Techniques in Pattern Recognition. John Wiley, New York, 356 pp.
23. Kaufman, L. and Rousseeuw, P.J., 1990. Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis. Wiley, New York.
24. Lagacherie, P., Cazemier, D.R., Van Gaans, P.F.M., Burrough, P.A., 1997. Fuzzy k-means clustering of fields in an elementary catchment and extrapolation to a larger area. In: J.J. De Gruijter, A.B. McBratney and K. McSweeney (Editors), Fuzzy Sets in Soil Science. Geoderma, 77: 197-216 (this issue).
25. McBratney, A.B., De Gruijter, J.J., 1992. A continuum approach to soil classification by modified fuzzy k-means with extragrades. J. Soil Sci. 43, 159-175.
26. McBratney, A.B., Moore, A.W., 1985. Application of fuzzy sets to climatic classification. Agric. For. Meteorol. 35, 165-185.
27. McBratney, A.B., Whelan, B.M., 1995. Continuous models of soil variation for continuous soil management. In: Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, Wisc., pp. 325-338.
28. McBratney, A.B., De Gruijter, J.J., Brus, D.J., 1992. Spacial prediction and mapping of continuous soil classes. Geoderma 54, 39-64.
29. Middelburg, J.J., De Lange, G.J., 1988. Geochemical characteristics as indicators of the provenance of Madeira abyssal plain turbidites. A statistical approach. Oceanol. Acta 11, 159-165.
30. Odeh, I.O.A., McBratney, A.B., Chittleborough, D.J., 1990. Design of optimal sample spacings for mapping soil using fuzzy-k-means and regionalized variable theory. Geoderma 47, 93-122.
31. Odeh, I.O.A., McBratney, A.B., Chittleborough, D.J., 1992a. Fuzzy-c-means and Kriging for mapping soil as a continuous system. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56, 1848-1854.
32. Odeh, I.O.A., McBratney, A.B., Chittleborough, D.J., 1992b. Soil pattern recognition with fuzzy-c-means: application to classification and soil-landform interrelationships. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56, 505-516.
33. Olea, R.A., Pawlowsky, V., Davis, J.C., 1993. Volumetric calculations in an oil field: the basis method. Comput. Geosci. 19, 1517-1527.
34. Oostindiër, J., Taufen, P.M., Vriend, S.P., 1988. An application of lithogeochemistry to the evaluation of the Ni-sulphide ore potential of weathered serpentinites in the Fortaleza de Minas greenstone belt, Minas Gerais, Brasil. J. Geochem. Explor. 31, 57-73.
35. Pawlowsky, V., Olea, R.A., Davis, J.C., 1995. Estimation of regionalized compositions: A comparison of three methods. Math. Geol. 27, 105-127.
36. Pebesma, E.J., 1995. Gstat: Geostatistical Modelling, Prediction and Simulation. User Manual version 1.5α. Dep. of Physical Geography, Univ. of Utrecht, Utrecht, 24 pp.
37. Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T., 1989. Numerical Recipes in Pascal. The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 759 pp.
38. Robert, P.C., Rust, R.H., Larson, W.E., 1995. Site-Specific Management for Agricultural Systems. Report on the Second International Conference on Site Specific Management, March 27-30, Minneapolis, Minn., 993 pp.
39. Ruspini, E.H., 1969. A new approach to clustering. Inf. Control 15, 22-32.
40. Soil Survey Staff, 1994. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
41. Stein, A., Staritsky, I.G., Bouma, J., Van Eijnsbergen, A.C., Bregt, A.K., 1991. Simulation of moisture deficits and areal interpolation by Universal Cokriging. Water Resour. Res. 27, 1963-1973.
42. Steur, G.G.L., 1961. Methods of soil surveying in use at the Netherlands Soil Survey Institute. Boor Spade, XI: 59-77.
43. Stiboka, 1983. Bodemkaart van Nederland 1:50.000, Herziene uitgave van blad 27 Oost (Heerde). (Soil Map of the Netherlands 1:50,000, Revised ed. of Map 27 East (Heerde).) Wageningen.
44. Tang, H., Van Ranst, E., 1992. Testing of fuzzy set theory in land suitability assessment for rainfed grain maize production. Pédologie 42, 129-147.
45. Triantafilis, J., 1996. Quantitative Assessment of Soil Salinity in the Lower Namoi Valley. Unpublished PhD thesis, Dep. of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Univ. of Sydney, 328 pp.
46. Triantafilis, J., McBratney, A.B., 1993. Application of continuous methods of soil classification and land suitability assessment in the lower Namoi valley. CSIRO Div. Soils, Melbourne, Div. Rep., 121, 172 pp.
47. Van Deursen, W.P.A., Wesseling, C.G., 1992. The PC-RASTER Package. Dep. of Physical Geography, Univ. of Utrecht, Utrecht, 83 pp.
48. Vriend, S.P., Van Gaans, P.F.M., Middelburg, J., De Nijs, A., 1988. The application of fuzzy c-means cluster analysis and non-linear mapping to geochemical datasets: examples from Portugal. Appl. Geochem. 3, 213-224.
49. Wismer, D.A., Chattergy, R., 1978. Introduction to Nonlinear Optimization. A Problem Solving Approach. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 395 pp.
50. Zadeh, L.A., 1965. Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 8, 338-353.
51. Zimmermann, H.J., 1985. Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications. Kluwer-Nijhoff, Boston, Mass., 363 pp.