Productivity patterns of C3 and C4 functional types in the U.S. Great Plains

Ecology

Volumn 78, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 722-731

  Epstein, H E ^a   Lauenroth, W K ^a   Burke, I C ^a   Coffin, D P ^a  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

C3 and C4 grasses; Climate change; Grasses; Grassland; Great Plains; Photosynthetic pathway; Production, functional type

Indexed keywords

C3; C4; GRASS; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTIVITY; SOIL TEXTURE; TEMPERATURE;

USA, COLORADO; USA, GREAT PLAINS; USA, NEBRASKA;

POACEAE;

EID: 0030616832     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2266052     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. 4-dominated communities in a mixed prairie. Canadian Journal of Botany 61:741-751.
2. 4 plants. Castanea 43:71-76.
3. 2 uptake. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 24:253-286.
4. Borchert, J. R. 1950. The climate of the central North American grassland. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 40:1-39.
5. Boutton, T. W., A. T. Harrison, and B. N. Smith. 1980. Distribution of biomass of species differing in pholosynthetic pathway along an allitudinal transect in southeastern Wyoming grassland. Occologia (Berlin) 45:287-298.
6. Box, E. O. 1981. Predicting physiognomic vegetation types with climate variables. Vegetatio 45:127-139.
7. Brown, D. A. 1993. Early nineteenth-century grasslands of the midcontinent plains. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 83:589-612.
8. 4 plants and its implication in adaptation and evolution. Crop Science 18:93-98.
9. 2 fixation pathways: I. Water-use efficiency. Crop Science 19:375-379.
10. Burke, I. C., T. G. F. Kittel, W. K. Lauenroth, P. Snook, C. M. Yonker, and W. J. Parton. 1991. Regional analysis of the Central Great Plains. Bioscience 41:685-692.
11. 4 grasses at different altitudes in a temperate arid region of Argentina. Oecologia (Berlin) 76:273-277.
12. Chapin, F. S. 1993. Functional role of growth forms in ecosystem and global processes. Pages 287-312 in J. R. Ehleringer and C. B. Field, editors. Scaling physiological processes. Academic Press. San Diego, California, USA.
13. CLIMATEDATA. 1988. U. S. West Optical Publishing. 90 Madison Street Suite 200. Denver, Colorado, USA.
14. Cosby, B. J., G. M. Hornberger, R. B. Clapp, and T. R. Ginn. 1984. A statistical exploration of the relationships of soil moisture characteristics to the physical properties of soils. Water Resources Research 20:682-690.
15. 4 grasses. Oecologia (Berlin) 31:255-267.
16. Ellis, R. P., J. C. Vogel, and A. Fuls. 1980. Photosynthetic pathways and the geographical distribution of grasses in South West Africa/Namhia. South African Journal of Science 76:307-314.
17. Environmental Systems Research Institute. 1992. ARC/ INFO Version 6.1.1. Redlands. California, USA.
18. Epstein, H. E., W. K. Lauenroth, I. C. Burke, and D. P. Coffin. 1996. Ecological responses of dominant grasses along two climatic gradients in the Great Plains of the U.S. Journal of Vegetation Science 7(6): in press.
19. Fan, W. 1993. Regional analysis of plant species and environmental variables in eastern Colorado. Dissertation. Colorado Stale University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
20. Field, C. B., F. S. Chapin III. P. A. Maison, and H. A. Mooney. 1992. Responses of terrestrial ecosystems to the changing atmosphere: a resource-based approach. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23:201-235.
21. Field, C. B., and H. A. Mooney. 1986. The photosynthesisnitrogen relationship in wild plants. Pages 25-55 in T. J. Givnish. editor. On the economy of plant form and function. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. England.
22. 4 grasses in Australia in relation to climate. Oecologia (Berlin) 57:113-128.
23. Holdridge, L. R. 1947. Determination of world formations from simple climatic data. Science 105:367-368.
24. Kucera, C. L. 1991. Tallgrass prairie. Pages 227-263 in R. T. Coupland, editor. Ecosystems of the world 8A: Natural grasslands. Elsevier Science. New York. New York, USA.
25. Lauenroth, W. K., D. P. Coffin, I. C. Burke, and R. A. Virginia. 1996. Interactions between demographic and ecosystem processes: a challenge for functional types. In T. M. Smith. I. A. Woodward, and H. H. Shugart. editors. Plant functional types. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. England.
26. Lauenroth, W. K., D. G. Milchunas, J. L. Dodd, R. H. Hart, R. K. Heitschmidt, and L. R. Ritlenhouse. 1994. Effects of grazing on ecosystems of the Great Plains. Pages 69-101 in M. Vavra, W. A. Laycock, and R. D. Peiper, editors. Ecological implications of livestock herbivory in the west. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado, USA.
27. Mclillo, J. M., T. V. Callaghan, E. I. Woodward, E. Salati, and S. K. Sinha. 1991. Effects on ecosystems. Pages 287-310 in R. T. Coupland, editor. Ecosystems of the world 8A: Natural grasslands. Elsevier Science, New York. New York, USA.
28. Mitchell, J. F. B., S. Manabe. V. Meleshko, and T. Tokioka. 1990. Equilibrium climate change and its implications for the future. Pages 131-174 in J. T. Houghton, G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums, editors. Climate change: The IPCC scientific assessment. Cambridge University Press. New York. New York, USA.
29. Muhs, D. R., and P. B. Maat. 1993. The potential response of eolian sands to greenhouse warming and precipitation reduction on the Great Plains of the U.S.A. Journal of Arid Environments 25:351-361.
30. Paruelo, J. M., and W. K. Lauenroth. 1996. Climatic controls of the distribution of plant functional types in grasslands and shrublands of North America. Ecological Applications. 6:1212-1224.
31. Paruelo, J. M., W. K. Lauenroth, H. E. Epstein, I. C. Burke, M. R. Aguiar. and O. E. Sala. 1995. Regional climatic similarities in the temperate zones of North and South America. Journal of Biogeography 22:915-925.
32. 4 plants. Plant. Cell and Environment 7:1-13.
33. Post, W. M. 1993. Uncertainties in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Pages 116-132 in A. M. Solomon and H. H. Shugart. editors. Vegetation dynamics and global change. Chapman and Hall. New York. New York, USA.
34. Prentice. I. C., W. Cramer, S. P. Harrison, R. Leemans, R. A. Monserud, and A. M. Solomon. 1992. A global biome model based on plant physiology and dominance, soil properties and climate. Journal of Biogeography 19:117-134.
35. Prentice, K. C. 1990. Bioclimalic distribution of vegetation for general circulation model studies. Journal of Geophysical Research 95:11811-11830.
36. Roush, M. L., and S. R. Radosevich. 1985. Relationships between growth and competitiveness of four annual weeds. Journal of Applied Ecology 22:895-905.
37. 3 grasses in the Hawaiian Islands. Occologia (Berlin) 45:354-359.
38. Sala, O. E., W. J. Parton, L. A. Joyce, and W. K. Lauenroth. 1988. Primary production of the Central Grassland Region of the United Stales. Ecology 69:40-45.
39. Schimel, D. S. 1993. Population and community processes in the response ot terrestrial ecosystems to global change. Pages 45-54 in P. M. Karieva, J. G. Kingsolver, and R. B. Huey. editors. Biotie interactions and global change. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
40. 4 photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 128:459-466.
41. Sims, P. L., J. S. Singh, and W. K. Lauenroth. 1978. The structure and function of ten western North American grasslands: I. Abiotic and vegetational characteristics. Journal of Ecology 66:251-285.
42. Smith, T. M., H. H. Shugart, F. I. Woodward, and P. J. Burton. 1993. Plant functional types. Pages 272-292 in A. M. Solomon and H. H. Shugart, editors. Vegetation dynamics and global change. Chapman and Hall, New York. New York, USA.
43. 4 plants: a reassessment. Functional Ecology 5:321-330.
44. Stubbendieck, J., S. L. Hatch, and C. H. Butterfield. 1992. North American range plants. Fourth edition. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
45. 4 grasses in North America. Oecologia (Berlin) 23:1-12.
46. 4 grasses and carbon isotope discrimination along an altitudinal and moisture gradient in Kenya. Oecologia (Berlin) 37:337-350.
47. Tilman, D. 1996. Biodiversity: population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77:350-363.
48. Tilman, D., and D. A. Wcdin. 1991. Dynamics of nitrogen competition between successional grasses. Ecology 72:1038-1049.
49. USDA. 1967. National handbook for range and related grazing lands. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C., USA.
50. USDA. 1991. Stale soil geographic data base (STATSGO): data users guide. Soil Conservation Service Miscellaneous Publication Number 1492.
51. USDC. 1968. Climate atlas of the United Slates. Environmental Science Service Administration. U.S. Department of Commerce. Washington, D.C., USA.
52. 4 photosynthetic pathways in North American grasses. Journal of Range Management 32:12-28.
53. Wedin, D. A. 1990. Nitrogen cycling and competition among grass species. Dissertation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Minnesota. USA.
54. _ . 1995. Species, nitrogen, and grassland dynamics: the constraints of stuff. Pages 253-262 in C. W. Jones and J. H. Lawton. editors. Linking species and ecosystems. Chapman and Hall. New York. New York, USA.
55. Wedin, D. A., and J. Pastor. 1993. Nitrogen mineralisation dynamics in grass monocultures. Oecologia 96:186-192.
56. Wedin, D. A., and D. Tilman. 1990. Species effects on nitrogen cycling: a test with perennial grasses. Oecologia (Berlin) 84:433-441.
57. Werger, M. J. A., and R. P. Ellis. 1981. Photosynthetic pathway in the arid regions of South Africa. Flora 171:64-75.
58. Whittaker, R. H. 1975. Communities and ecosystems. Second edition. Macmillan, New York. New York, USA.
59. Woodward, F. I. 1987. Climate and plant distribution. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.
60. 2 enrichment. Ecology 68:1116-1120.