Chemical model structures for soil organic matter and soils

Soil Science

Volumn 162, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 115-130

  Schulten, Hans Rolf ^a   Schnitzer, Morris ^b  

^a SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH   (Germany)

^b AGRICULTURE AND AGRI FOOD CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL MODEL; FATTY ACID; HUMIC ACID; LIGNIN; ORGANIC MATTER;

EID: 0030616408     PISSN: 0038075X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00010694-199702000-00005     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Bracewell, J. M., K. Haider, S. R. Larter, and H.-R. Schulten. 1989. Thermal degradation relevant to structural studies of humic substances. In Humic substances II. In search of structure. M. H. B. Hayes, P. MacCarthy, R. L. Malcolm, and R. S Swift (eds.). Wiley, New York, pp. 181-222.
2. Buffle, J. A. E. 1977. In Conference Proceeding de la Commission d' Hydrologie ApphquÇe de l' A. G. H.T. M., l'UniversitÇ d'Orsay, pp. 3-10.
3. Christensen, B. T. 1996. Carbon in primary and secondary organomineral complexes. In Structure and organic matter storage in agricultural soils. M. R. Carter and B. A. Stewart (eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Adv. Soil Sci. pp. 97-165.
4. Dragunov, C. C., H. H. Zhelokhovtseva, and E. J Strelkova. 1948. A comparative study of soil and peat humic acid. Pochvovedenie 7:409-420.
5. Felbeck, G. T. Jr. 1965. Structural chemistry of soil humic substances. Adv. Agron. 17:327-368.
6. Fischer, F., and H. Schrader. 1921. The origin and chemical structure of coal. Brennstoff Chem. 2:37-45.
7. Flaig, W. 1964. Chemische Untersuchungen an Huminstoffen. Zeitschr. Chemie 4:253-265.
8. Fuchs, W. 1931. Die Chemie der Kohle. Springer, Berlin.
9. Grismer, M. E. 1987.Water vapor adsorption and specific surface. Soil Sci. 144:233-236.
10. Ghosh, K., and M. Schnitzer. 1980. Macromolecular structures of humic substances. Soil Sci. 129:266-167.
11. HyperChemô Hypercube Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
12. Ikan, R., P. Iosehs, Y. Rubinsztain, Z. Aizenshtat, L. Miloslavsky, S. Yariv, R. Pugmire, L. L. Anderson, W. R. Woolfenden, I. R. Kaplan, T. Dorsey, K. E. Peters, J. J. Boon, J. W de Leeuw, R. Ishiwatari, S. Morinaga, S. Yamamoto, T. Macihara, M. Muller-Vonmoos, and A. Rub. 1992. Chemical, isotopic, spectroscopic, and geochemical aspects of natural and synthetic humic substances. Sci. Total Environ. 117/118:1-12.
13. Khan, S. U., and F. J. Sowden. 1971. Distribution of nitrogen in the Black Solonetzic and Black Chernozemic soils of Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 51:185-193.
14. Leinweber, P., G. Reuter, and K. Brozio. 1993. Cation exchange capacities of organo-mineral particle-size fractions in soils of long-term experiments. J. Soil Sci. 44:111-119.
15. Leinweber, P., and H.-R. Schulten. 1994. Zur Bedeutung pedogener Oxide fÅr die Bindung organischer Substanzen. Mitteilgn. Dtsch. Bodenkundl. Gesellsch. 74:383-386.
16. Leinweber P., and H.-R. Schulten. 1996. Distribution and structure of organic nitrogen in soil size-separates from long-term agricultural experiments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. (in press).
17. Leinweber, P., O. Blumenstein, and H.-R. Schulten. 1996. Soil organic matter composition in sewage farms: Investigations by carbon-13 NMR and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 47:71-80.
18. Lowe, L. E. 1978. Carbohydrates in soils. In Soil organic matter. M. Schnitzer and S. U. Khan (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 65-94.
19. Maillard, L. C. 1913. Formation de la matière humique par action de polypeptides sur sucres. C. R. Acad. Sci. 156:148-149.
20. Mason, B. 1958. Principles of geochemistry, 2nd. Ed. John Wiley, New York, p. 46.
21. Norwood, D. L. 1988. Critical comparison of structural implications of degradative and nondegradative approaches. In Humic substances and their role in the enviroment. F. H., Frimmel and R. F. Christman, (eds.). John Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1133-1148.
22. Press, F., and R. Siever. 1986. Earth, 4th Ed. Freeman, New York.
23. Preston, C. M., M. Schnitzer, and J. A. Ripmeester. 1989. A spectroscopic and chemical investigation on the de-ashing of a humin. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:1442-1447.
24. Schlesinger, W. H. 1991. Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
25. Schnitzer, M. 1978. Humic substances: Chemistry and reactions. In M. Schnitzer, and S. U. Khan (eds.). Soil organic matter. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1-64.
26. Schnitzer, M. 1991. Soil organic matter - The next 75 years. Soil Sci. 151:41-58.
27. Schnitzer, M. 1994. A chemical structure for humic acid. Chemical, 13C NMR, colloid chemical, and electron microscopic evidence. In Humic substances in the global environment and implications on human health. N. Senesi, and T. M. Miano (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 57-69.
28. Schnitzer, M., and S. U. Khan. 1972. Humic substances in the environment. Dekker, New York.
29. Schnitzer, M., H. Kodama, and J. A. Ripmeester. 1991. Determination of the aromaticity of humic substances by X-ray diffraction analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:745-750.
30. Schnitzer, M., and H.-R. Schulten. 1992.The analysis of soil organic matter by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56:1811-1817.
31. Schnitzer M., and H.-R Schulten. 1995.The analysis of organic matter in soil extracts and whole soils by pyrolysis-mass spectrornetry. Adv. Agron. 55:167-217.
32. Schulten, H.-R. 1994. A chemical structure for humic acid. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and pyrolysis-soft ionization mass spectrometry evidence. In Humic substances in the global environment and implications on human health. N. Senesi and T M. Miano (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 43-56.
33. Schulten, H.-R. 1995a.The three-dimensional structure of humic substances and soil organic matter studied by computational analytical chemistry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 351:62-73.
34. Schulten, H.-R. 1995b.The three-dimensional structure of soil organo-mineral complexes studied by analytical pyrolysis. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 32:111-126.
35. Schulten, H.-R. 1996a. Direct pyrolysis-mass spectrometry of soils: A novel tool in agriculture, ecology, forestry, and soil science. In Mass spectrometry of soils. S. Yamasaki, and T. W. Boutton (eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 373-436.
36. Schulten H.-R. 1996b. Three-dimensional, molecular structures of humic acids and their interactions with water and dissolved contaminants. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 64:147-162.
37. Schulten, H.-R., B. Plage, and M. Schnitzer. 1991. A chemical structure for humic substances. Naturwissenschaften 78:311-312.
38. Schulten, H.-R., and M. Schnitzer. 1992. Structural studies on soil humic acids by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Soil Sci. 153:205-224.
39. Schulten, H.-R., and M. Schnitzer. 1993. A state of the art structural concept for humic substances. Naturwissenschaften 80:29-30.
40. Schulten, H.-R., and M. Schnitzer. 1995. Three-dimensional models for humic acids and soil organic matter. Naturwissenschaften 82:487-498.
41. Schulten, H.-R., and C. Sorge. 1995. Pyrolysis methylation - Mass spectrometry of organic matter in soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 46:567-579.
42. Schulten, H.-R., C. Sorge, and M. Schnitzer. 1995. Structural studies on soil nitrogen by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with nitrogen-selective detection. Biol. Fertil. Soils 20:174-184.
43. Sorge, C., M. Schnitzer, P. Leinweber, and H.-R. Schulten. 1994. Molecular-chemical characterization of organic matter in whole soil and particle-size fractions of a spodosol by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Soil Sci. 158:189-203.
44. Sowden, F. G., and M Schnitzer. 1967. Nitrogen in illuvial organic matter. Can. J. Soil Sci. 47:111-116.
45. Stevenson, I. L., and M. Schnitzer. 1982.Transmission electron microscopy of extracted fulvic and humic acid. Soil Sci. 133:179-185.
46. Waksman, S. A. 1938. Humus: Origin, chemical compositions, and importance in nature. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.