White pine blister rust control in North America: A case history

Annual Review of Phytopathology

Volumn 35, Issue , 1997, Pages 87-109

  Maloy, Otis C ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Antibiotics; BRC; Cronartium ribicola; Local control; Ribes eradication; Tuberculina maxima

Indexed keywords

CRONARTIUM FLACCIDUM; CRONARTIUM RIBICOLA; RIBES; RIBES HUDSONIANUM; TUBERCULINA MAXIMA; GROSSULARIACEAE; PINACEAE; PINUS STROBUS;

DISEASE CONTROL; WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST;

NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 0030614138     PISSN: 00664286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.35.1.87     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. Albion RG. 1965. Forests and Sea Power. Hamden, Conn: Archon. 485 pp.
2. Anderson RL, French DW. 1955. Evidence of races of Cronartium ribicola on Ribes. For. Sci. 1:38-39
3. Arthur JC. 1907. North Am. Flora 7:122-23
4. Arthur JC. 1933. Authority for the name Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 23:559-61
5. Arthur JC. 1933. Correction for the name Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 23:841
6. Arthur JC. 1934. Manual of the Rusts in United States and Canada. Lafayette, IN: Purdue Res. Found. 438 pp.
7. Baumgartner DM, Lotan JE, Tonn JR, eds. 1994. Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests: Ecology and Management Symposium Proceedings, March 2-4, 1993. Pullman: Wash. State Univ. 365 pp.
8. Baxter DV. 1943. Pathology in Forest Practice. New York: Wiley. 618 pp.
9. Benedict WV. 1981. History of white pine blister rust-a personal account. USDA For. Serv. FS-355. 47 pp.
10. Berger A. 1924. A taxonomic review of currants and gooseberries. NY Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. No. 109. 118 pp.
11. Bingham RT. 1972. Taxonomy, crossability, and relative blister rust resistance of 5-needled white pines. See Ref. 13, pp. 271-78
12. Bingham RT. 1983. Blister rust resistant western white pine for the Inland Empire: the story of the first 25 years of the research and development program. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-146. 41 pp.
13. Bingham RT, Hoff RJ, McDonald GI, eds. 1972. Biology of Rust Resistance in Forest Trees. USDA For. Serv. Misc. Publ. No. 1221. 681 pp.
14. Boyce JS. 1926. Observations on white pine blister rust in Great Britain and Denmark. J. For. 24:893-96
15. Boyce JS. 1938. Forest Pathology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 600 pp.
16. Buchanan TS. 1976. Forest disease research in the western United States and British Columbia, Canada. USDA For. Serv., US GPO: 1976-641-313/5185. 234 pp.
17. Clements FE, Rosendahl CO, Butters FK. 1912. Minnesota Trees and Shrubs. Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press. 314 pp.
18. Clinton GP, McCormick FA. 1919. Infection experiments of Pinus strobus with Cronartium ribicola. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 214, pp. 428-59
19. Cummins GB. 1962. Supplement to Arthur's Manual of the Rusts in United States and Canada, p. 5A. New York: Hafher
20. Darrow GM, Detwiler SB. 1930. Currants and gooseberries: their culture and relation to white pine blister rust. USDA Farmers Bull. No. 1398. 42 pp.
21. Detwiler SB. 1919. Report on white pine blister rust control. Am. Plant Pest Comm. Bull. No. 4. 12 pp.
22. Dietrich HA. 1856. Blicke in die Cryptogamenwelt der Ostsee-provinzen. Arch. Nat.kd. Liv-, Esth-, Kursland, ser. 2, 1:287. Exsiccati 1855: Plantarum florae balticae cryptogamarum, Centuria 4, No. 21
23. Dimond AE. 1966. Effectiveness of antibiotics against forest tree rusts. J. For. 64:379-82
24. Eriksson J. 1922. The connection between Peridermium strobi Kleb. and Cronartium ribicola Dietr.-Is it obligate or not? Ark. Bot. 18(2):1-40
25. Fair DF, Bills GF, Chamois GP, Rossman AY. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. St. Paul, MN: APS Press. 1252 pp.
26. Filler EC. 1919. Field methods of eradicating wild currant and gooseberry bushes. USDA, OBRC 285-100. 15 pp.
27. Filley WO, Hicock HW. 1922. Control of white pine blister rust in Connecticut 1909-1921. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 237, pp. 305-26
28. Fischer von Waldheim A. 1871. Contributions to the biology and history of the development of the Ustilagineae. (Translation) Trans. NY Agric. Soc. 1870. Albany. 280 pp.
29. Fries EM. 1815. Cronartium. Obs. Mycol. 1:220
30. Fries RF. 1951. Empire in Pine: The story of lumbering in Wisconsin 1830-1900. Madison: Wisc. State Hist. Soc. 285 pp.
31. Fulling EH. 1943. Plant life and the law of man. IV. Barberry, currant and gooseberry, and cedar control. Bot. Rev. 9:483-592
32. Graham DP. 1964. Antibiotics on western white pine in the Pacific Northwest Region. 12th West. Int. For. Dis. Work Conf., pp. 52-54
33. Guthrie M, Luke JN, Moore F, St. Amant PJ, Stout BM, Smith ML. 1949. The white pine blister rust control problem in Northern Minnesota. J. For. 47:235-38
34. Hahn GG. 1930. A physiological method of distinguishing Cronartium ribicola and C. occidentale in the uredinial stages. J. Agric. Res. 40:105-20
35. Hahn GG. 1949. Evidence of the non-existence of physiological races of Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 39: 85-87
36. Hartley C. 1927. Forest genetics with particular reference to disease resistance. J. For. 25:667-86
37. Harvey GM. 1966. An evaluation of the basal stem application of Acti-Dione and Phytoactin for control of white pine blister rust on sugar pine in Oregon and California. Plant Dis. Rep. 50:554-56
38. Hedgecock GG, Bethel E, Hunt NR. 1918. Pinyon blister rust. J. Agric. Res. 14:411-24
39. Heimberger C. 1972. Breeding of white pine for resistance to blister rust at the interspecies level. See Ref 13, pp. 541-47
40. Hepting GH. 1974. Death of the American chestnut. For. Hist. 18:60-67
41. Hepting GH, Jemison GM. 1955. Forest protection against destructive agencies. In Timber Resource Review. USDA For. Serv.. Chapter 4, Sect. A, pp. 1-69
42. Hiratsuka Y. 1995. Nomenclature and authorship of white pine blister rust. Tsukaba: Proc. IUFRO Rusts Pines Work. Party Conf, 4th, pp. 77-80
43. Hirt RR. 1964. Cronartium ribicola: its growth and reproduction in the tissues of eastern white pine. State Univ. Coll. For., Syracuse Univ. Tech. Publ. No. 86. 30 pp.
44. Hoff RJ, McDonald GI. 1972. Stem rusts of conifers and the balance of nature. See Ref. 13, pp. 525-36
45. Horsfall JG. 1979. RolandThaxter. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 17:29-35
46. Hubert EE. 1928. Relation of forest management to the control of white pine blister rust. J. For. 28:892-98
47. Hubert EE. 1931. An Outline of Forest Pathology. New York: Wiley. 543 pp.
48. Hubert EE. 1935. Observations on Tuberculina maxima, a parasite of Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 25:253-61
49. Hunt RS. 1984. Inoculations of Scrophulariaceae with Cronartium ribicola. Can. J. Bot. 62:2523-24
50. Hunt RS. 1985. Experimental evidence of heterothallism in Cronartium ribicola. Can. J. Bot. 63:1086-88
51. Hunt RS. 1991. Operational control of white pine blister rust by removal of lower branches. For. Chron. 67:284-87
52. Hyland F, Steinmetz FH. 1944. The woody plants of Maine. Maine Bull. 46, No. 11. 72 pp.
53. Kimmey JW. 1938. Susceptibility of Ribes to Cronartium ribicola in the West. J. For. 36:312-20
54. Kimmey JW. 1946. Notes on visual differentiation of white pine blister rust from pinyon rust in the telial stage. Plant Dis. Rep. 30:59-61
55. Kimmey JW. 1969. Inactivation of lethal-type blister rust cankers on western white pine. J. For. 67:296-99
56. Kimmey JW, Mielke JL. 1944. Susceptibility to white pine blister rust of Ribes cereum and some other ribes associated with sugar pine in California. J. For. 42:752-56
57. Kimmey JW, Wagener WW. 1961. Spread of white pine blister rust from ribes to sugar pine in California and Oregon. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Bull. No. 1251. 71 pp.
58. King DB. 1958. Incidence of white pine blister rust infection in the Lake States. USDA For. Serv., Lake States For. Exp. Stn. Pap. No. 64. 12 pp.
59. King DB, Stoltenberg CH, Marty RJ. 1960. The economics of white pine blister rust control in the Lake States. USDA For. Serv. Rep. June. 40 pp. + append.
60. Kinloch BB, Comstock M. 1981. Race of Cronartium ribicota virulent to major gene resistance in sugar pine. Plant Dis. 65:604-5
61. Kinloch BB, Dupper GE. 1987. Restricted distribution of a virulent race of the white pine blister rust pathogen in the western United States. Can. J. For. Res. 17:448-51
62. Kinloch BB,Parks GK,Fowler CW. 1970. White pine blister rust: simply inherited resistance in sugar pine. Science 167:193-95
63. Klebahn H. 1889. Bemerkung über den Weymouthkieferrost. Abh. Naturwixs. Ver. Bremen 10:427-28
64. Klebahn H. 1890. Neue Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen über die Blastenroste der Kiefern. Hedwigia 29:27-35
65. Klebahn H. 1931. Kulturversuche und Bemerkungen uber Rostpilze. XVIlI. Bericht (1925-1930). I. Der Autor des Cronartium ribicola. Z. Pflanzenkr. PflanZenschutz 41:209-13
66. Klebahn H. 1938. Offene Fragen und Neue Beobachtungen uber die Rindebewoshnenden Blasenrost der Kiefern. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 48:369-410
67. Lachmund HG. 1933. Method of determining age of blister rust infection on western white pine. J. Agric. Res. 46:675-93
68. Lachmund HG. 1934. Seasonal development of Ribea in relation to spread of Cronartium ribicola in the Pacific Northwest. J. Agric. Res. 49:93-114
69. Larson AM. 1949. History of the White Pine Industry in Minnesota. Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press. 432 pp.
70. Lasch WG. 1842. Uredo ribicolum. Klotzch's Herb. Myc. 490 in Rabenhorst, L. 1844. Dtschl. Kryptogamen Flora, p. 37. Leipzig: Edward Kummer
71. Laundon GF, Rainbow AF. 1971. Cronartium ribicola. Commonw. Mycol. Inst. Descr. 283. 2 pp.
72. Leaphart CD, Wicker EF. 1968. The ineffectiveness of cycloheximide and phytoactin as chemical controls of the blister rust disease. Plant Dis. Rep. 52:6-10
73. Lloyd MG, O'Dell CA, Wells HJ. 1959.A study of spore dispersion by use of silver-iodide particles. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 40:305-9
74. Maloy OC. 1994. Politics and science of the white pine blister rust program. See Ref. 7, pp. 119-22
75. Martin JF. 1938. Some economic aspects of white pine blister rust control. J. For. 36:986-96
76. Martin JF. 1939. Eradication of the cultivated black currant in white pine regions. USDA Leaflet No. 175, 8 pp.
77. Martin JF, Pierce RG. 1919. Laws affecting currants and gooseberries. USDA Farmers Bull. 1024, pp. 37-40
78. Marty R. 1966. Economic guides for blister rust control in the East. USFS Res. Pap. NE-45. 14 pp.
79. Matthews DN, Hutchinson SB. 1948. Development of a blister rust control policy for the national forests in the Inland Empire. USFS N. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp. Stn. Pap. 16. 116 pp.
80. McCallum AW. 1938. Some observations on white pine blister rust in Ontario. J. For. 36:997-98
81. McDonald GI, Hansen EM, Osterhaus CA, Samman S. 1984. Initial characterization of a new strain of Cronartium ribicola from the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Plant Dis. 68:800-4
82. McIntyre HL. 1942. White pine blister rust control policies in New York State. J. For. 40:782-85
83. Mielke JL. 1933. Tuberculina maxima in North America. Phytopathology 23:299-305
84. Mielke JL. 1943. White pine blister rust in western North America. Yale Univ. Sch. For. Bull. No. 52. 155 pp.
85. Mielke JL, Childs TW, Lachmund HG. 1937. Susceptibility to Cronartium ribicola of the four principal Ribes species found within the commercial range of Pinus monticola. J. Agric. Res. 55:317-46
86. Mielke JL, Hansbrough JR. 1933. Susceptibility to blister rust of the two principal Ribes associates of sugar pine. J. For. 31:29-33
87. Mirov NN. 1967. The Genus Pinus. New York: Ronald. 602 pp.
88. Moir WS. 1924. White pine blister rust in western Europe. USDA Bull. 1186. 32 pp.
89. Moss VD. 1961. Antibiotics for control of blister rust on western white pine. For. Sci. 7:380-96
90. Moss VD, Wellner CA. 1953. Aiding blister rust control by silvicultural measures in the western white pine type. USDA Circ. No. 919. 32 pp.
91. Neff P. 1933. Shall we protect western white pine from blister rust. J. For. 31:286-95
92. Offord HR, Moss VD, Benedict WV, Swanson HE, London A. 1952. Improvements on the control of Ribes by chemical and mechanical methods. USDA Circ. No. 906. 72 pp.
93. Offord HR, Van Atta GR, Swanson HE. 1940. Chemical and mechanical methods of Ribes eradication in the white pine areas of the western States. USDA Tech. Bull. No. 692. 49 pp.
94. Otis CH. 1931. Michigan Trees. Ann Arbor: Univ. Mich. Press. 362 pp.
95. Paul BH. 1918. The pine blister. NY State. Conserv. Comm. Bull. 15. 16 pp.
96. Peattie DC. 1933. A Natural History of Trees of Eastern and Central North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 606 pp.
97. Pennington LH. 1925. Relation of weather conditions to the spread of white pine blister rust in the Pacific Northwest. J. Agric. Res. 30:593-607
98. Pierce RG. 1917. Early discovery of white pine blister rust in the United States. Phytopathology 7:224-25
99. Pierson RK. 1933. Fusion of pycniospores with filamentous hyphae in the pycnium of white pine blister rust. Nature 131:728-29
100. Powers HR, Stegall WA. 1965. An evaluation of cycloheximide (Acti-Dione) for control of white pine blister rust in the Southeast. Plant Dis. Rep. 49:342-46
101. Quick CR. 1964. Experimental fungicidal control of blister rust on sugar pine in California. USFS Pac. SW For. Range Exp. Stn. Res. Note PSW-48. 10 pp.
102. Quick CR, Lemoureaux CH. 1967. Field inoculation of white pine blister rust cankers on sugar pine with Tuberculina maxima. Plant Dis. Rep. 51:89-90
103. Rabenhorst L. 1872. Fungi europaei exsiccati (Herbarii mycologici continuatio) Cent. XVI. no. 1501-1600. Hedwigia 11:179-82
104. Riker AJ, Kouba TF, Brener WH, Byam LE. 1943. White pine selections tested for resistance to blister rust. J. For. 41:753-60
105. Smith DC. 1972. A History of Lumbering in Maine: 1861-1960. Orono: Univ. Maine Press. 468 pp.
106. Snell WH. 1942. The production of sporidia of Cronartium ribicola on cultivated red currants in relation to infection of white pine. Am. J. Bot. 29:506-13
107. Somerville W. 1909. Peridermium strobi, the blister of Weymouth pine. Q. J. For. 3:232-36
108. Spalding VM, Fernow BE. 1899. The white pine. USDA Div. For. Bull. 22. 53 pp.
109. Spaulding PC. 1909. European currant rust on the white pine in America. USDA BPI Circ. 38. 4 pp.
110. Spaulding PC. 1911. The blister rust of white pine. USDA Bull. No. 206. 88 pp.
111. Spaulding PC. 1916. Foresters have a vital interest in the white pine blister rust. Proc. Soc. Am. For. 11:40-47
112. Spaulding PC. 1922. Investigations of the white pine blister rust. USDA Bull. No. 957. 100 pp.
113. Spaulding PC. 1926. The white pine blister rust in Germany. J. For. 24:645-52
114. Spaulding PC. 1929. White pine blister rust: a comparison of European with North American conditions. USDA Tech. Bull. No. 87. 58 pp.
115. Spaulding PC. 1933. Dietrich preferable authority for Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 23:203-4
116. Spaulding PC, Rathbun-Gravatt A. 1925. Longevity of the teliospores and accompanying urediospores of Cronartium ribicola Fischer in 1923. J. Agric. Res. 31:901-16
117. Stewart FC. 1906. An outbreak of the European currant rust (Cronartium ribicola Dietr.). NY Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 2, pp. 61-74
118. Stoner MF. 1967. Chemistry and physiologic action of the antibiotic phytoactin. PhD thesis. Wash. State Univ., Pullman. 177 pp.
119. Straib W. 1953. Zur Frage der Rassenbledung bei Cronartium ribicola Dietr. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Abt. II, 107:98-112
120. Strong CC, Webb CS. 1970. White Pine: King of Many Waters. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press. 212 pp.
121. Sydow H. 1934. Cronartium ribicola: zur Autofrage des Pilzes. Ann. Mycol. 32:115-17
122. Sydow P, Sydow H. 1915. Monogr. Uredinearum 3:567-73
123. Toko HV, Graham DA, Carlson CE, Ketchum DE. 1967. Effects of past Ribes eradication on controlling white pine blister rust in northern Idaho. Phytopathology 57:1010 (Abstr.)
124. Van Arsdel EP. 1961. Growing white pine in the Lake States to avoid blister rust. USDA For. Serv., Lake States For. Exp. Stn. Pap. 92. 11 pp.
125. Vaux HJ. 1954. Economics of the young-growth sugar pine resource. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 738. 56 pp.
126. Von Tubeuf C. 1914. Biologische Bekampfung von Pilzkrankheiten der Pflanzen. Naturwiss. Z. Forst-Landwirtsch. 12:11-19
127. Von Tubeuf C. 1917. Uber des Verhalt-nis der Kiefem-Peridermium zu Cronartium. Naturwiss. Z. Forst-Landwirtsch. 15:268-307
128. Von Tubeuf C. 1930. Biologische Bekampfung des Blasenrostes der Weymouthkiefer. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 40:177-81
129. Von Tubeuf C. 1936. Verlof und Erfolg der Erforschung der Blasenrostkrankheit der Strobe von 1887 bis 1936. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 46:49-103, 113-71
130. Weir JR, Hubert EE. 1917. Pycnial stages of important tree rusts. Phytopathology 7:135-39
131. Wellner CA. 1946. Recent trends in sulvicultural practice in the national forests in the western white pine type. J. For. 44:942-44
132. Weston WH. 1933. Roland Thaxter. Mycologia 25:69-89
133. White EE, Foord BM, Kinloch BB. 1996. Genetics of Cronartium ribicola. II. Variation in the ribosomal gene cluster. Can. J. Bot. 74:461-68
134. Wicker EF, Woo JY. 1973. Histology of blister rust cankers parasitized by Tuberculina maxima. Phytopathol. Z. 76:356-66
135. York HH, Snell WH, Rathbun-Gravatt A. 1927. The results of inoculating Pinus strobus with the sporidia of Cronartium ribicola. J. Agric. Res. 34:497-510