Nutrient changes in tussock grasslands, South Island, New Zealand

Ambio

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 147-151

  McIntosh, Peter ^a  

^a LANDCARE RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BURNING; GRASSLANDS; GRAZING; NUTRIENT; SOIL RESOURCES;

NEW ZEALAND, SOUTH ISLAND;

EID: 0030613605     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Martin, G., Garden, P., Meister, A., Penno, W., Sheath, G., Stephenson, G., Urquhart, R., Mulcock, C. and Lough, R. 1994. South Island High Country Review. Final report of the working party on sustainable land management, April 1994. South Island High Country Review Working Party, Wellington, 184 pp.
2. Mark. A.F. 1994. Effects of burning and grazing on sustainable utilisation of upland snow tussock (Chionochloa spp.) rangelands for pastoralism in South Island, New Zealand. Aust. J. Bot. 42, 149-161.
3. Hughes, P., James, G. and Woods, K. 1995. A Review of the Government System for Managing the South Island Tussock Grasslands: With Particular Reference to Tussock Burning. Parliamentary Commisioner for the Environment, Wellington, 1055 pp.
4. McGlone, M.S., Mark, A.F. and Bell, D. 1995. Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation history, Central Otago, South Island, New Zealand. J. Roy. Soc. N. Z. 25, 1-22.
5. Connor, H.E. 1964. Tussock grassland communities in the Mackenzie country, South Canterbury, New Zealand, N. Z. J. Bot. 2, 325-351.
6. Meurk, C.D. 1982. Alpine Phytoecology of the Rainshadow Mountains of Otago and Southland, New Zealand. PhD thesis, University of Otago, 774 pp.
7. McIntosh, P.D. 1995. Soils of the Manorburn conservation area, Central Otago. Landcare Research Contract Report LC 9596/27.
8. Mark, A.F. 1992. Indigenous grasslands of New Zealand. In: Ecosystems of the World, Volume 8B. Natural Grasslands, Eastern Hemisphere. Coupland, R.T. (ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
9. McGillivray, R. 1929. The Mackenzie Country grasslands. N. Z. J. Agric. 39, 73-78.
10. O'Connor, K.F. and Harris, P.S. 1991. Biophysical and cultural factors affecting the sustainability of high country pastoral uses. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Land Management, Napier, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand, 17-23 November 1991. Henriques, P.R. (ed.). Hawkes Bay Regional Council, Napier, New Zealand, pp. 304-313.
11. McIntosh, P.D., Allen, R.B., Patterson, R.G., Aubrey, B. and McGimpsey, P. 1994. Monitoring the effects of pastoral use on upland and high country soils. Proc. N. Z. Grassland Assoc. 56, 233-237.
12. McIntosh, P.D., Ogle, G.I., Patterson, R.G., Aubrey, B., Morriss, J. and Giddens, K. 1996. Changes of surface soil nutrients and sustainability of pastoralism. J. Range Mgmt. 49, 361-367.
13. Johnston, A., Dormaar, J.F and Smoliak, S. 1971. Long-term grazing effects on fescue grassland soils. J. Range Mgmt 24, 185-188.
14. Smoliak, S., Dormaar, J.F. and Johnston, A. 1972. Long-term grazing effects on Stipa-Bouteloua prairie soils. J. Range Mgmt 25, 246-250.
15. Dormaar, J.F., Smoliak, S. and Willms, W.D. 1989. Vegetation and soil responses to short-duration grazing on fescue grasslands. J. Range Mgmt 42, 252-256.
16. Bauer, A., Cole, C.V. and Black, A.L. 1987. Soil property comparisons in virgin grasslands between grazed and nongrazed management systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51, 176-182.
17. Milchunas, D.G. and Lauenroth, W.K. 1993. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecol. Monogr. 63, 327-366.
18. Williams, P.A. 1977. Growth, biomass and net productivity of tall tussock (Chionochloa) grasslands, Canterbury, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Bot. 15, 399-442.
19. Evans, G.R. 1980. Phytomass, litter and nutrients in montane and alpine grasslands, Cragieburn Range, New Zealand. In: Mountain Environments and Subalpine Tree Growth. Benecke, U. and Davis, M.R.(eds). Technical Paper 70, Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Forest Service.
20. Meurk, C.D. 1978. Alpine phytomass and primary productivity in Central Otago, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Ecol. 1, 27-50.
21. McIntosh, P.D., Loeseke, M. and Bechler, K. 1995. Soil changes under mouse-eared hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella). N. Z. J. Ecol. 19, 29-34.
22. New Zealand Geological Survey 1972. South Island (1st edition). Geological Map of New Zealand 1 : 1 000 000. DSIR, Wellington, New Zealand.
23. New Zealand Soil Bureau 1968. General survey of soils of South Island, New Zealand. DSIR Soil Bureau Bull. 27, 404 pp.
24. Nordmeyer, A. 1993. Field Guide for One Day Rangeland Tour of the Waimakariri Basin, 14 February 1993. IGC 1993 Guide, FRI, Lincoln, Canterbury.
25. Williams, P.A., Nes, P. and O'Connor, K.F. 1977. Macro-element pools and fluxes in tall-tussock (Chionochloa) grasslands, Canterbury, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Bot. 15, 443-476.
26. Belton, M. 1991. Land Use Options with Trees and Forests in the Mackenzie Basin Rabbit and Land Management Area. Report prepared for the Canterbury Regional Council by The Ministry of Forestry, Christchurch.
27. Belton 1991. Forestry: a sustainable land use for degraded high country lands. N.Z. For. (May 1991), 19-22.
28. O'Connor, K.F. 1983. Nitrogen balances in natural grasslands and extensively managed grassland systems. N. Z. J. Ecol. 6, 1-18.
29. McSweeney, G.D. 1983. Mineral Nutrition Regimes in Soils of Natural and Modified Snow Tussock Grasslands of Canterbury and Otago, New Zealand. PhD Thesis (unpublished), Lincoln College, Canterbury, New Zealand.
30. Saggar, S., Mackay, A.D., Hedley, M.J., Lambert, M.G. and Clark, D.A. 1988. The development of a nutrient transfer model to explain the fate of P and S in a grazed hill country pasture. In: Proceedings of a Workshop Towards the More Efficient use of Soil and Fertiliser Sulphur. White, R.E. and Currie, L.D. (eds). Massey University, Palmerston North, pp. 262-278.
31. Williams, P.H. and Haynes, R.J. 1991. New Zealand's pastoral farming: how biologically sustainable is it? In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Land Management, Napier, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand, 17-23 November 1991. Henriques, P.R. (ed.). Hawkes Bay Regional Council, Napier, New Zealand, pp. 284-291.
32. Rowarth, J.S., Tillman, R.W., Gillingham, A.G. and Gregg, P.E.H. 1992. Phosphorus balances in grazed hill country pastures: the effect of slope and fertiliser input. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 35, 337-342.
33. Basher, L.R., Meurk, C.D. and Tate, K.R. 1990. The effects of burning on soil properties and vegetation. DSIR Land Resources Technical Record 18.
34. Raison, R.J. 1979. Modification of the soil environment by vegetation fires, with particular reference to nitrogen transformations: a review. Plant Soil 51, 73-108.
35. Daubenmire, R. 1968. Ecology of fire in grasslands. Adv. Ecol. Res. 5, 209-266.
36. Floate, M.J.S. 1981. Effects of grazing by large herbivores on nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. In: Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles. Clark, F.E. and Rosswall, T. (eds). Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 33, 585-601.
37. Watson, E.R. and Lapins, P. 1969. Losses of nitrogen from urine on soils from southwestern Australia. Aust. J. Exp.l Agric. Animal Husbandry 9, 85-91.
38. Woodmansee, R.G., Vallis, I.J. and Mott, J.J. 1981. Grassland nitrogen. In: Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles. Clark, F.E. and Rosswall, T. (eds). Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 33, 443-462.
39. Line, M.A. and Loutit, M.W. 1973. Studies on non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in New Zealand tussock grassland soils. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 16, 87-94.
40. Cossens, G.G. 1970. Detailed Annual Report, 1969-1970. N. Z. Department of Agriculture Research Division, Field Research section.
41. McIntosh, P.D., Lee, W.G. and Banks, T. 1983. Soil development and vegetation trends along a rainfall gradient on the east Otago uplands. N. Z. J. Sci. 26, 379-401.
42. Joe, E.N. and Watt, J.P.C. 1984. Soil Water Characterisation Studies of 11 Soils in Central and Coastal Otago. SWAMP data sheets 1983 (1-11). N. Z. Soil Bureau, DSIR, internal report.
43. Kirkman, J.H., Basker, A., Suprapaneni, A. and MacGregor, A.N. 1994. Potassium in the soils of New Zealand - a review. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 37, 207-227.
44. McIntosh, P. D, Allen, R. B. and Patterson, R. G. 1994. Temporal changes in vegetation and soil carbon, nitrogen and pH on seasonally-dry high country, South Island, New Zealand. Rangeland J. 16, 3-15
45. Miller, R.B. 1963. Plant nutrients in hard beech. III. The cycle of nutrients. New Zealand. J. Sci. 6, 388-413.
46. 137Cs at a semi-arid site in Central Otago, New Zealand. J. Roy. Soc. 26, 107-118.
47. -137. Landcare Research Contract Report LC9495/137. Quoted with the permission of the Canterbury Regional Council.
48. McIntosh, P.D., Backholm, G. and Smith, J. 1981. Soil variation related to landscape and vegetation features in North Otago hill country. N. Z. J. Sci. 24, 225-244.
49. McIntosh, P.D., Allen, R.B. and Scott, N. Effects of grazing and rehabilitation on nutrient pools and soil carbon in seasonally dry high country, New Zealand. Unpublished manuscript, Landcare Research, Dunedin, New Zealand.
50. Ross, W.D., B. Aubrey, B. Ogle, G.I. 1993. Evolvement of property plans to manage risk in semi-arid New Zealand: Glencaim Station - a case study. In: Proceedings of the Property Management Workshop, Adelaide, South Australia, October 15-17. Carey, B.W. (ed.), pp. 140-144.
51. I would like to thank Prof. A.F. Mark, Mr G.G. Hunter, Dr. P.A. Williams, Prof. K.F. O'Connor, Dr. D. Scott, Dr. A. Nordmeyer, Dr W.G. Lee and Dr Mats Olsson for helpful comments on drafts of the manuscript. This work was funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, Contract CO9411.
52. First submitted 23 October 1995. Accepted for publication after revision 18 June 1996.