Transmigration in Indonesia: Lessons from its environmental and social impacts

Environmental Management

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 553-570

  Fearnside, Philip M ^a  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Deforestation; Human rights; Indigenous peoples; Indonesia; Transmigration; Tropical forest settlement; World Bank

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; FOREST; HUMAN RIGHTS; INDONESIA; MIGRATION; REVIEW; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SURVIVAL;

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; FINANCE; FORESTRY; PUBLIC POLICY; PUBLIC RELATIONS; TROPICS;

TRANSMIGRATION;

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT;

DEFORESTATION; INTERNAL MIGRATION; MIGRATION IMPACT; POPULATION POLICY; POPULATION PRESSURE; SOCIAL IMPACT; TRANSMIGRATION; TRANSMIGRATION PROGRAMME; WORLD BANK ROLE;

INDONESIA, JAVA;

EID: 0030612991     PISSN: 0364152X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s002679900049     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Amnesty International. 1977. Indonesia: An Amnesty International report. Amnesty International Publications, London, 148 pp.
2. Anderson, J., and J. Spear. 1986. World Bank money aids in colonization. The Washington Post 24 June 1986.
3. Atmosiswogo, S. 1977. The family planning program in Indonesia. Pages 21-31 in L. C. L. Zuidberg (ed.), Family planning in rural West Java: The Serpong project. Institute of Cultural and Social Studies, Leiden, the Netherlands, 325 pp.
4. Alternatives to Slash and Burn. 1995. Alternatives to slash-and-burn in Indonesia. Phase I report. ASB/International Centre for Agroforestry-Southeast Asia, Bogor, Indonesia, 150 pp.
5. Botafogo, G. J. 1985. Development and environment: A reply to the Ecologist. The Ecologist 15:207-210.
6. Budiardjo, C. 1986. The politics of transmigration. The Ecologist 16:111-116.
7. Budiardjo, C., and L. S. Liong. 1985. The war against East Timor. Zed Books, London, 278 pp.
8. Colchester, M. 1986a. Banking on disaster: International support for transmigration. The Ecologist 16:61-70.
9. Colchester, M. 1986b. Unity and diversity: Indonesian policy towards tribal peoples. The Ecologist 16:89-98.
10. Colchester, M. 1986c. The struggle for land: Tribal peoples in the face of the transmigration programme. The Ecologist 16:99-110.
11. Colchester, M. 1987. Programme slashed in response to transmigration campaign. The Ecologist 17:35-41.
12. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 1990. Situation and outlook of forestry in Indonesia. FAO and Directorate General of Forest Utilization, Ministry of Forestry, Jakarta, Indonesia.
13. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 1993. Forest resources assessment 1990: Tropical countries, FAO Forestry Paper 112. FAO, Rome, Italy, 61 pp. + appendices.
14. Fearnside, P. M. 1987a. Rethinking continuous cultivation in Amazonia. BioScience 37:209-214.
15. Fearnside, P. M. 1987b. Deforestation and international economic development projects in Brazilian Amazonia. Conservation Biology 1:214-221.
16. Fearnside, P. M. 1989. Brazil's Balbina Dam: Environment versus the legacy of the pharaohs in Amazonia. Environmental Management 13:401-423.
17. Fearnside, P. M. 1995. Agroforestry in Brazil's Amazonian development policy: The role and limits of a potential use for degraded lands. Pages 125-148 in M. Clüsener-Godt and I. Sachs (eds.), Brazilian perspectives on sustainable development of the Amazon region. UNESCO and Parthenon Publishing Group, Paris, 311 pp.
18. Gardiner, P. 1992. Development, human settlement and pressure on forest resources in the Indonesian frontier. Paper presented at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP) and Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais (ABEP). Seminar on population and deforestation in the humid tropics, 30 November-3 December 1992, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 36 pp.
19. IBRD and IDA (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Development Agency). 1992. Monthly operational summary of Bank IDA proposed projects (as of 15 December 1991), Sec M92-10, 2 January 1992. World Bank, Washington, DC. 133 pp. + appendices.
20. Indonesia, Biro Pusat Statistik. 1993. Statistik Indonesia/Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 1992. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, Indonesia, 664 pp.
21. Indonesia, Department of Transmigration (DoT), Bureau of Planning. 1987. Historiography on Transmigration. Bureau of Planning, DoT, Jakarta, Indonesia.
22. Indonesia, Department of Transmigration and IGGI (InterGovernmental Group on Indonesia). 1985. Proceedings of the meeting between the Department of Transmigration and the InterGovernmental Group on Indonesia. DoT and IGGI, Jakarta, Indonesia.
23. Indonesia, Ministry of Forestry and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 1991. Indonesia forestry action programme: Country brief (vol. 2 of 3). Ministry of Forestry, Jakarta, Indonesia, 173 pp.
24. Indonesia, Ministry of Transmigration Staff. 1991. Planning for population mobility: The Indonesian transmigration programme. Paper presented at the Pacific Rim conference on resource management, April 1991, Taipei, Taiwan, 11 pp.
25. INGI (International NGO Forum on Indonesia). 1989. Letter to Barber Conable, President of the World Bank, 26 April 1989, 11 pp. Available from: Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC.
26. The Jakarta Post. 1992. Audit agency to tighten control of use of CGI loans, 2 November, p. 2.
27. Jhamtani, H., A. Purnomo, E. Hafild, D. Wahry, M. Dahlan, G. Alif, G. Akitjondro, and P. Sukran. 1987. [Untitled letter to the editor.] The Ecologist 17:41-43.
28. Jones, G. W. 1979. Indonesia: The transmigration programme and development planning. Pages 212-221 in R. J. Pryor (ed.), Migration and development in South-East Asia: A demographic perspective. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 354 pp.
29. Kuper, L. 1981. Genocide: Its political use in the 20th century. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 252 pp.
30. Lohmann, L. 1990. Commercial tree plantations in Thailand: Deforestation by any other name. The Ecologist 20:9-17.
31. Monbiot, G. 1989. Poisoned arrows: An investigative journey through Indonesia. MichaelJoseph, London, 250 pp.
32. Myers, N. 1991. Tropical forests: Present status and future outlook. Climatic Change 19:3-32.
33. Najib, H. 1985. Proyek Transmigrasi di Irian Jaya. Page 88 in Report of the visit of the transmigration study team to Irian Jaya. Mimeo. Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
34. Osborn, R. 1985. Indonesia's secret war. Allan and Unwin, Sydney, Australia.
35. Otten, M. 1986. "Transmigrasi": From poverty to bare subsistence. The Ecologist 16:71-76.
36. Pusat Data Business Indonesia. 1995. Informasi. Pusat Data Business Indonesia/Indonesian Business Data Center, Jakarta, 66 pp.
37. Pramono, A. H. 1991. A brief review on forest land use and "deforestation" in Indonesia. Report prepared for Climate Change Program, Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI), Jakarta, 76 pp.
38. RePPProT (Regional Physical Planning Programme for Transmigration). 1990. Land resources of Indonesia: A national overview, vol. 1: Main report. Land Resources Department, National Resources Institute, Overseas Development Administration (ODA), Foreign and Commonwealth Office and Direktorat Bina Program, Direktorat Jenderal, Penyiapan Pembukiman, Departmen Transmigrasi, Jakarta, 8 vol. Vol 1:282 pp.
39. Ross, M. S. 1980. The role of land clearing in Indonesia's transmigration program. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 14:75-85.
40. Sánchez, P. A. 1990. Deforestation reduction initiative: An imperative for world sustainability in the twenty-first century. Pages 375-399 in A. F. Bouwman (ed.), Soils and the greenhouse effect. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 575 pp.
41. Schwartzman, S. 1986. Bankrolling disasters: International development banks and the global environment. Sierra Club, Washington, DC, 32 pp.
42. Searle, G. 1987. Indonesian transmigration. Pages 113-178 in G. Searle (ed.), Major World Bank projects: Their impact on people, society and the environment. Wadebridge Ecological Centre, Camelford, UK, 190 pp.
43. Secrett, C. 1986. The environmental impact of transmigration. The Ecologist 16:77-88.
44. Sevin, O. 1989. History and population. Pages 13-191 in D. Benoit, P. Levang, M. Pain, and O. Sevin (eds.), Transmigration et migrations spontanées en Indonesie/Transmigration and spontaneous migrations in Indonesia. Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Cooperation [ORSTOM], Bondy, France, 427 pp.
45. Suratman, and P. Guiness. 1977. The changing focus of transmigration. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 13:78-101.
46. Survival International. 1985. Indonesian transmigration: The World Bank's most irresponsible project. The Ecologist 15:300-301.
47. Swasono, S. 1969. The land beyond: Transmigration and development in Indonesia. PhD dissertation. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
48. TFAGC (Tropical Forest Action Group, a Coalition). 1986. Tropical forests and the World Bank. Rainforest Action Network, San Francisco, 12 pp.
49. Thibodeau, J. 1995. The World Bank's persisting failure to reform. Probe International, Toronto, Canada, 12 pp.
50. van Noordwijk, M. 1994. Choice of benchmark sites and soil C data for ASB-Indonesia. Pages 9-34 in D. Murdiyarso, K. Hairiah and M. van Noordwijk (eds.), Modelling and measuring soil organic matter dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions after forest conversion: Report of workshop/training course 8-15 August 1994, Bogor/Muara Tebo, Indonesia. Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB) Project, International Center for Agroforestry Research (ICRAF)-Southeast Asia, Bogor, Indonesia, 118 pp.
51. Van Tuijl, P. 1989. Statement of Peter Van Tuijl on behalf of the International NCO Forum on Indonesia (INGI) concerning the consequences of forced resettlement in the World Bank financed Kedung Ombo Dam in Indonesia, before the Congressional Human Rights Caucus, 27 September 1989, 5 pp. Available from: Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC.
52. Whitten, A. J. 1987. Indonesia's transmigration program and its role in the loss of tropical rain forests. Conservation Biology 1:239-246.
53. Whitten, A. J., H. Haeruman, H. S. Alikoddra, and M. Thohari. 1987. Transmigration and the Environment in Indonesia: Past, Present and Future. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland, 43 pp.
54. World Bank. 1981. Indonesia transmigration program review, 2 vols. Report no. 3170a-IND. World Bank, Washington, DC.
55. World Bank. 1982. Tribal peoples and economic development: Human ecologic considerations. World Bank, Washington, DC.
56. World Bank. 1985. Staff Appraisal Report. Indonesia transmigration V project (national mapping and settlement planning). Report No. 5529-IND, 16 May. World Bank, Washington, DC.
57. World Bank. 1986. Indonesia transmigration sector review. Report No. 6508-IND, 24 October. World Bank, Washington, DC.
58. World Bank. 1988. Indonesia, the transmigration programme in perspective. World Bank, Washington, DC.
59. World Bank. 1990. Indonesia: sustainable development of forests, land and water. World Bank, Washington, DC.
60. World Resources Institute. 1994. World resources 1994-95. Oxford University Press, New York, 400 pp.
61. YLBHI [(Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia) Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation]. 1992. United Nations Commission on Human Rights report on Indonesia and East Timor. Indonesian Human Rights Forum 4(Apr-Jun):14-17.