Molecular composition and chemometric differentiation and classification of soil organic matter in Podzol B-horizons

Geoderma

Volumn 76, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 193-219

  Wilcken, H ^a   Sorge, C ^a   Schulten, H R ^a  

^a SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH   (Germany)

Author keywords

chemometrics; cluster analysis; CPMAS 13C C NMR spectroscopy; molecular chemical structure; pattern recognition; Podzol; principal component analysis; pyrolysis mass spectrometry; soil classification; soil organic matter; wet chemical data

Indexed keywords

B HORIZON; CHEMOMETRICS; ORGANIC MATTER; PODZOL; SOIL CLASSIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 0030612914     PISSN: 00167061     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7061(96)00107-3     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Arshad, M.A., Ripmeester, J.A. and Schnitzer, M., 1988. Attempts to improve solid state 13C-NMR spectra of whole mineral soils. Can. J. Soil Sci., 68: 593-602.
2. 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Biogeochemistry, 16: 1-42.
3. Beyer, L., 1996. Soil organic matter composition of spodic horizons in Podzols of the Northwest German Lower Plain. Sci. Total Environ., 181: 167-180.
4. Beyer, L. and Blume, H.-P., 1990. Eigenschaften und Entstehung der Humuskörper typischer Wald-und Ackerböden Schleswig-Holsteins. Z. Pflanzenernähr, Bodenk., 153: 61-68.
5. Beyer, L., Sorge, C. and Schulten, H.-R., 1993a. Studies on the composition of soil organic matter in terrestrial soils by wet-chemical methods and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 27: 169-185.
6. 13C-NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Soil Biol. Biochem., 25: 587-596.
7. Beyer, L., Blume, H.-P., Ahlsdorf, B., Sorge, C. and Schulten, H.-R., 1996a. Soil organic matter composition and pesticide bonding in sandy soils in relation to groundwater protection in the North-West German Lower Plain. Biol. Fert. Soils. 23: 266-272.
8. 13C-NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 27: 2243-2264.
9. Bratchell, N., 1989. Cluster analysis. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 6: 105-125.
10. Bracewell, J.M. and Robertson, G.W., 1984. Characteristics of soil organic matter in temperate soils by Curie-point pyrolysis-mass spectrometry. I. Organic matter variations with drainage and mull humification in A horizons. J. Soil Sci., 35: 549-558.
11. Bracewell, J.M. and Robertson, G.W., 1987a. Characteristics of soil organic matter in temperate soils by Curie-point pyrolysis-mass spectrometry. II. The effect of drainage and illuviation in B horizons. J. Soil Sci., 38: 191-198.
12. Bracewell, J.M. and Robertson, G.W., 1987b. Characteristics of soil organic matter in temperate soils by Curie-point pyrolysis-mass spectrometry. III. Transformations occurring in surface organic horizons. Geoderma, 40: 333-344.
13. Brereton, R.G., 1992. Multivariate Pattern Recognition in Chemometrics. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
14. de Coninck, F., 1980. Major mechanisms in formation of spodic horizons. Geoderma, 24: 101-128.
15. 13C-NMR spectra of humic material. Sci. Total Environ., 117/118: 157-168.
16. Gattermann, L. and Wieland, H., 1982. Die Praxis des organischen Chemikers. De Gruyter, Berlin.
17. Guggenberger, G., Zech, W. and Schulten, H.-R., 1994. Formation and mobilization pathways of dissolved organic matter - Evidence from chemical structural studies of organic matter fractions in acid forest floor solutions. Org. Geochem., 21: 51-66.
18. Hempfling, R. and Schulten, H.-R., 1990a. Direct chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter in water by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 43: 55-62.
19. Hempfling, R. and Schulten, H.-R., 1990b. Chemical characterization of the organic matter in forest soils by Curie-point pyrolysis-GC/MS and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Org. Geochem., 15: 131-145.
20. Hempfling, R., Ziegler, F., Zech, W. and Schulten, H.-R., 1987. Litter decomposition and humification in acidic forest soils studied by chemical degradation. IR and NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk., 150: 179-186.
21. Hempfling, R., Simmleit, N. and Schulten, H.-R., 1991. Characterization and chemodynamics of plant constituents during maturation, senescence and humus genesis in spruce ecosystems. Biogeochemistry, 13: 27-60.
22. Hoogerbrugge, R., Willig, S.J. and Kistemaker, P.G., 1983. Discriminant analysis by double stage principal component analysis. Anal. Chem., 55: 1710-1712.
23. Kvalheim, O.M., 1985. Scaling of analytical data. Anal. Chim. Acta, 177: 71-79.
24. Leinweber, P. and Schulten, H.-R., 1994. Zur Bedeutung pedogener Oxide für die Bindung organischer Substanzen. Mitteilgn. Dtsch. Bodenkundl. Gesellsch., 74: 383-386.
25. Leinweber, P., Blumenstein, O. and Schulten, H.-R., 1996a. Soil organic matter composition in sewage farms - Investigations by carbon-13 NMR and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 47: 71-80.
26. Leinweber, P., Jordan, E. and Schulten, H.-R., 1996b. Molecular characterization of soil organic matter in Pleistocene moraines from the Bolivian Andes. Geoderma. 72: 133-148.
27. Malinowski, E.R. and Howery, D.G., 1980. Factor Analysis in Chemistry. Wiley & Sons, New York.
28. Martin, F., González-Vila, F.J., del Rio, J.C. and Verdejo, T., 1994. Pyrolysis derivatization of humic substances I. Pyrolysis of fulvic acids in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 28: 71-80.
29. Schnitzer, M., 1991. Soil organic matter - the next 75 years. Soil Sci., 151: 41-58.
30. Schnitzer, M. and Schulten, H.-R., 1992. The analysis of soil organic matter by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56: 1811-1817.
31. Schnitzer, M. and Schulten, H.-R., 1995. The analysis of organic matter in soil extracts and soils by pyrolysis-mass spectrometry. Adv. Agron., 55: 167-217.
32. Schulten, H.-R., 1987. Pyrolysis and soft ionization mass spectrometry of aquatic/terrestrial humic substances and whole soils. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 12: 149-186.
33. Schulten, H.-R., 1993. Analytical pyrolysis of humic substances and soils: Geochemical, agricultural and ecological consequences. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 25: 97-122.
34. Schulten, H.-R., 1995a. The three-dimensional structure of soil organo-mineral complexes studied by analytical pyrolysis. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 32: 111-126.
35. Schulten, H.-R., 1995b. The three-dimensional structure of humic substances and soil organic matter studied by computational chemistry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 351: 74-82.
36. Schulten, H.-R., 1996. Direct pyrolysis-mass spectrometrv of soils - A direct tool in agriculture, ecology, forestry, and soil science. In: S. Yamasaki and T.W. Boutton (Editors). Mass Spectrometry of Soils. Marcel Dekker. New York, Chapter 14, pp. 373-436.
37. Schulten, H.-R. and Hempfling, R., 1992. Influence of agricultural soil management on humus composition and dynamics: classical and modern analytical techniques. Plant Soil, 142: 259-271.
38. Schulten, H.-R. and Leinweber, P., 1995. Dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extractable organic matter in particle-size fractions of a Haplaquoll. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59: 1019-1027
39. Schulten, H.-R. and Schnitzer, M., 1990. Aliphatics in soil organic matter in fine-clay fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54: 98-105.
40. Schulten, H.-R. and Schnitzer, M., 1991. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of long-chain aliphatics from two soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55: 1603-1611.
41. Schulten, H.-R. and Schnitzer, M., 1995. Three-dimensional models for humic acids and soil organic matter. Naturwissenschaften, 82: 487-498.
42. Schulten, H.-R. and Sorge, C., 1995. Pyrolysis methylation-mass spectrometry of whole soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 46: 567-579.
43. Schulten, H.-R., Simmleit, N. and Müller, R., 1987. High-temperature, high-sensitivity pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 59: 2903-2908.
44. Schulten, H.-R., Hempfling, R. and Zech, W., 1988. Discriminating horizons in a moder profile by field ionization mass spectrometry and pattern recognition. Geoderma. 41: 211-222.
45. Schulten, H.-R., Sorge, C. and Schnitzer, M., 1995. Structural studies on soil nitrogen by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and nitrogen selective detection. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 20: 174-184.
46. Schulten, H.-R., Leinweber, P. and Theng, B.K.G., 1996. Characterization of organic matter in an interlayer clay-organic complex from soil by pyrolysis methylation-mass spectrometry. Geoderma, 69: 105-118.
47. Simmleit, N. and Schulten, H.-R., 1989. Thermal degradation of spruce needles. Chemosphere, 18: 1855-1869.
48. Sorge, C., Schnitzer, M. and Schulten, H.-R., 1993a. In-source pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry and Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of amino acids in humic substances and soils. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 16: 100-110.
49. Sorge, C., Müller, R., Leinweber, P. and Schulten, H.-R., 1993b. Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry of whole soils. litter materials and humic substances: statistical evaluation of sample weight, residue, volatilized matter and total ion intensity. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 346: 697-703.
50. Sorge, C., Schnitzer, M., Leinweber, P. and Schulten, H.-R., 1994. Molecular-chemical composition of organic matter in whole soil and particle-size fractions of a Spodosol by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry. Soil Sci., 158: 189-203.
51. Spaargaren, O.C., 1994. World Reference Base for Soil Resources: Int. Soc. Soil Sci.: Food & Drug Organization. United Nations. Wageningen/Rome, pp. 1-161.
52. Springer, U., 1943. Beitrag zur Fraktionierung der echten Huminstoffe. Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk., 32: 129-146.
53. Stevenson, F.J. and Cheng, C.N., 1970. Amino acids in sediments: Recovery by acid hydrolysis and quantitative estimation by a colorimetric procedure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 31. 77-88.
54. Ugolini, F.C., Stoner, M.G. and Marrett, D.J., 1987. Arctic pedogenesis: I. Evidence for contemporary podzolization. Soil Sci., 144: 90-100.
55. Ugolini, F.C., Dahlgren, R., Shoji, S. and Ito, T., 1988. An example of andosolization and podzolization as revealed by soil solution studies, southern Hakkoda, N.E. Japan. Soil Sci., 145: 111-125.
56. van Smeerdijk, D. and Boon, J.J., 1987. Characterization of subfossil Sphagnum leaves. rootlets of Ericaceae and their peat by pyrolysis-high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 11: 377-402.
57. Varmuza, K., 1980. Lecture notes in chemistry - Bd. 21: Pattern recognition in chemistry, Springer, Berlin.
58. Wiechmann, H., 1978. Stoffverlagerung in Podsolen. Hohenheimer Arb. 94. Ulmer, Stuttgart.
59. Wilson, M.A., 1987. NMR Techniques and Applications in Geochemistry and Soil Chemistry. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
60. Wilson, M.A., 1989. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of humic substances: Basic concepts and techniques. In: M.H.B. Hayes, P. MacCarthy, R.L. Malcolm and R.S. Swift (Editors). Humic Substances II. In Search of structure. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 309-338.
61. Windig, W., Kistemaker, P.G. and Haverkamp, J., 1981/82. Chemical interpretation of differences in pyrolysis-mass spectra of simulated mixtures of biopolymers by factor analysis with graphical rotation. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 3: 199-212.
62. Windig, W., Kistemaker, P.G. and Haverkamp, J., 1981/82. Chemical interpretation of differences in pyrolysis-mass spectra of simulated mixtures of biopolymers by factor analysis with graphical rotation. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 3: 199-212.
63. Windig, W. and Meuzelaar, H.L.C., 1984. Nonsupervised numerical component extraction from pyrolysis mass spectra of complex mixtures. Anal. Chem., 56: 2297-2303.