Breast cancer clusters in the northeast United States: A geographic analysis

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 146, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 161-170

  Kulldorff, Martin ^a,b   Feuer, Eric J ^a   Miller, Barry A ^a   Freedman, Laurence S ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Breast neoplasms; Cluster analysis; Confounding; Epidemiologic methods; Geography; Parity; Statistics

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT;

BREAST CANCER; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DISEASE PATTERN; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY;

USA;

EID: 0030609722     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009247     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Miller BA, Gloeckler Ries LA, Hankey BF, et al. eds. SEER cancer statistics review, 1973-1990. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1993. (NIH publication no. 93-2789).
2. Pickle LW, Mason TJ, Howard N, et al. Atlas of US cancer mortality among whites: 1950-1980. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, 1987. (DHHS publication no. (NIH) 87-2900).
3. Riggan WB, Van Bruggen J, Acquavella JF, et al. US mortality rates and trends, 1950-1979. Washington, DC: National Cancer Institute/Environmental Protection Agency, 1983. (EPA publication no. 600/1-833-015a).
4. Jenks S. Researchers to comb Long Island for potential cancer factors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:88-9.
5. Lewis-Michi EL, Melius JM, Kallenbach LR, et al. Breast cancer risk and residence near industry or traffic in Nassau and Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York. Arch Environ Health 1996;51:255-65.
6. Wittenberg C. Long Island breast cancer studies move forward. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:1501-3.
7. US Congress. Public law 103-43. June 10, 1993.
8. Hjalmars U, Kulldorff M, Gustafsson G, et al. Childhood leukemia in Sweden: using GIS and a spatial scan statistic for cluster detection. Stat Med 1995;15:707-15.
9. Kulldorff M. A spatial scan statistic. Communicat Stat Theory Methods (In press).
10. Kulldorff M, Nagarwalla N. Spatial disease clusters: detection and inference. Stat Med 1995;14:799-810.
11. Gail M, Brinton LA, Byar DP, et al. Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81:1879-86.
12. Kelsey JL, ed. Breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:1-263.
13. Layde PM, Webster LA, Baughman AL. The independent associations of parity, age at first full time pregnancy, and duration of breastfeeding with the risk of breast cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 1989;42:963-73.
14. Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF, Stone BJ. Geographic patterns of breast cancer in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977; 59:1407-11.
15. Nacsa PC, Burnett WS, Greenwald P, et al. Population density as an indicator of urban-rural differences in cancer incidence, upstate New York, 1968-1972. Am J Epidemiol 1980;112: 362-75.
16. Slater CM, Hall GE, eds. 1993 county and city extra: annual metro, city and county data book. Lanham, MD: Beman Press, 1992.
17. US Bureau of the Census. Statistical abstracts of the United States. 111th ed. Washington, DC: GPO, 1991.
18. Dwass M. Modified randomization tests for nonparametric hypotheses. Ann Math Stat 1957;28:181-7.
19. Kulldorff M, Rand K, Williams G. SaTScan, version 1.0, program for the space and time scan statistic. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 1996.
20. Proceedings of the National Conference on Clustering of Health Events. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:S1-202.
21. Lawson A, Waller L, Biggeri A, eds. Spatial disease patterns. Stat Med 1995;14:2289-501.
22. Jacquez GH, ed. Conference on Statistics and Computing in Disease Clustering, British Columbia, Canada, July 21-22, 1994. Stat Med 1996;15:681-952.
23. Butler MA, Beale CL. Rural-urban continuum codes for metro and non-metro counties. Washington, DC: Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1993. (AGES publication no. 9425).
24. Kelsey JL, Gammon MD, John EM. Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:36-47.
25. Sturgeon SR, Schairer C, Gail M, et al. Geographic variation in mortality from breast cancer among white women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;87:1846-53.
26. UK National Case-Control Study Group. Breast feeding and risk of breast cancer in young women. Br Med J 1993;307: 17-20.
27. Ekbom A, Hsieh CC, Itichopoulos D, et al. Breast-feeding and breast cancer in the offspring. Br J Cancer 1993;67:842-5.
28. Ereudenheim JL, Marshall JR. Re: Exposure to breastmilk and risk of breast cancer, authors reply. (Letter). Epidemiology 1995;6:199-200.
29. Kelsey JL. Breast cancer: magnitude of the problem and descriptive epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:7-16.
30. Kurihara M. Cancer mortality statistics in the world, 1950-1985. Nagoya: University of Nagoya Press, 1989.
31. Parkin DM, Muir CS, Whelan SL, et al, eds. Cancer incidence in five continents, vol 6. Lyon: IARC, 1992. (IARC scientific publication no. 15).
32. Rosenwaike I. Cancer mortality among Puerto Rican-born residents in New York City. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:177-85.
33. Thomas DB, Karagas MR. Cancer in first and second generation Americans. Cancer Res 1987;47:5771-6.
34. Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, et al. Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1819-27.
35. Baker SG, Freedman LS. Potential impact of genetic testing on cancer prevention trials, using breast cancer as an example. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1137-44.
36. Struewing JP, Abeliovich D, Peretz T, et al. The carrier frequency of the BRCA1 185delAG mutation is approximately 1 percent in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. Nature Genet 1995;11:198-200.
37. Longnecker MP. Alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis and review. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:73-82.
38. Rosenberg L, Metzger LS, Palmer JR. Alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:133-44.
39. Roth HD, Levy PS, Shi L, et al. Alcoholic beverages and breast cancer: some observations on published case-control studies. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47:207-16.
40. Schatzkin A, Longnecker MP. Alcohol and breast cancer. Cancer 1994;74:1101-10.
41. Adams WL, Yuan Z, Barboriak JJ, et al. Alcohol-related hospitalizations of elderly people: prevalence and geographic variation in the United States. JAMA 1993;270:1222-5.
42. John EM, Kelsey JL. Radiation and other environmental exposures and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:157-62.
43. Davis DL, Bradlow HL, Wolff M, et al. Medical hypothesis: xenoestrogens as preventable causes of cancer. Environment Health Perspect 1993;101:372-7.
44. Key T, Reeves G. Organochlorines in the environment and breast cancer. Br Med J 1994;308:1520-1.
45. Cantor KP, Dosemeci M, Brinton LA, et al. Re: Breast cancer mortality among female electrical workers in the United States. (Letter). J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:227-8.
46. Loomis DP, Savitz DA, Ananth CV. Breast cancer mortality among female electrical workers in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:921-5.
47. Stevens RG. Electric power use and breast cancer: a hypothesis. Am J Epidemiol 1987;125:556-61.
48. Morris JJ, Seifter E. The role of aromatic hydrocarbons in the genesis of breast cancer. Med Hypotheses 1992;38: 177-84.
49. Hahn RA. Profound bilateral blindness and the incidence of breast cancer. Epidemiology 1991;2:208-10.
50. Garland FC, Garland CF, Gorham ED, et al. Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States. Prevent Med 1990;19:614-22.
51. Gorham ED, Garland FC, Garland CF. Sunlight and breast cancer incidence in the USSR. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:820-4.