Distribution and population structure of the loranthaceous mistletoes alepis flavida, peraxilla colensoi, and peraxilla tetrapetala within two New Zealand Nothofagus forests

New Zealand Journal of Botany

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 323-336

  Norton, David A ^a   Ladley, Jenny J ^a   Owen, Hamish J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Alepis flavida; Conservation; Ecology; Loranthaceae; Mistletoes; Nothofagus menziesii; Nothofagus solandri; Parasitism; Peraxilla colensoi; Peraxilla tetrapetala; Population structure

Indexed keywords

DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; MISTLETOES; PARASITIC PLANT; RECRUITMENT;

ALEPIS FLAVIDA; FAGACEAE; LORANTHACEAE; METROSIDEROS; NOTHOFAGUS; NOTHOFAGUS MENZIESII; PERAXILLA COLENSOI; PERAXILLA TETRAPETALA; WEINMANNIA;

EID: 0030609468     PISSN: 0028825X     EISSN: 11758643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.1997.10410158     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Barlow, B. A., 1966. A revision of the Loranthaceae of Australia and New Zealand. Australian journal of botany, 14:421–499.
2. Beets, P. N., 1980. The amount and distribution of dry matter in a mature beech/podocarp community. New Zealand journal of fores try, 10:395–418.
3. Burrows, C. J., 1977. “Forest vegetation”. In Cass:history and science in the Cass District, Canterbury, New Zealand, Edited by:Burrows, C. J., 233–257. Christchurch:Department of Botany, University of Canterbury. In
4. Clay, K., Dement, D., and Rejmanek, M., 1985. Experimental evidence for host races in mistletoe (Phoradendron tomentosum). American journal of botany, 72:1225–1231.
5. Dawson, T. E., King, E. J., and Ehleringer, J. R., 1990. Age structure of Phoradendron juniperinum (Viscaceae), a xylem-tapping mistletoe:inferences from a non-destructive morphological index of age. American journal of botany, 77:573–583.
6. de Lange, P. J., 1997. “Decline of New Zealand loranthaceous mistletoes — a review of non-possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) threats”. In New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes, Edited by:de Lange, P. J., and Norton, D. A., 155–163. Wellington:Department of Conservation. In
7. de Lange, P. J., and Norton, D. A., eds. 1997. New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes, Wellington:Department of Conservation.
8. de Lange, P. J., Norton, D. A., and Molloy, B. P. J., 1997a. “Historical distribution of New Zealand loranthaceous mistletoes”. In New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes, Edited by:de Lange, P. J., and Norton, D. A., 11–22. Wellington:Department of Conservation. In
9. de Lange, P. J., Norton, D. A., and Molloy, B. P. J., 1997b. “Checklist of New Zealand loranthaceous hosts”. In New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes, Edited by:de Lange, P. J., and Norton, D. A., 83–104. Wellington:Department of Conservation. In
10. Ehleringer, J. R., Schulze, E.-D., Ziegler, H., Lange, O. L., Farquhar, G. D., and Cowan, I. R., 1985. Xylem-tapping mistletoes:water or nutrient parasites?. Science, 227:1479–1481.
11. Hawksworth, F. G., 1961. Dwarf mistletoe of ponderosa pine in the southwest. USDA Forest Service technical bulletin no. 1246
12. Hawksworth, F. G., Ecological aspects of dwarf mistletoe distribution. Proceedings of the 16th annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. pp.74–82.
13. Hawksworth, F. G., and Weins, D., 1996. Dwarf mistletoes:biology, pathology, and systematics. Agricultural handbook 401, Washington DC:USDA Forest Service.
14. Hill, M. O., 1979. TWINSPAN — a FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes, Ithaca, New York:Cornell University.
15. Hoffmann, A. J., Fuentes, E. R., Cortes, I., Liberona, F., and Costa, V., 1986. Tristerix tetrandrus (Loranthaceae) and its host-plants in the Chilean matorral:patterns and mechanisms. Oecologia, 69:202–206.
16. Hollinger, D. Y., 1989. Canopy organisation and foliage photosynthetic capacity in a broad-leaved evergreen montane forest. Functional ecology, 3:53–62.
17. Kuijt, J., 1969. The biology of flowering parasitic plants, Berkeley:University of California Press.
18. Ladley, J., and Kelly, D., 1995a. Mistletoes:how these showy specialists and honeyeaters need each other. Forest and bird, 278:16–21.
19. Ladley, J. J., and Kelly, D., 1995b. Explosive New Zealand mistletoes. Nature, 378:766–766.
20. Ladley, J. J., and Kelly, D., 1996. Dispersal, germination and survival of New Zealand mistletoes (Loranthaceae):dependence on birds. New Zealand journal of ecology, 20:69–79.
21. Ladley, J. J., Kelly, D., and Robertson, A. E., 1997. Pollination biology of New Zealand Loranthaceae mistletoes:pollinators, nectar production, and explosive flowering. New Zealand journal of botany, 35:345–360.
22. Lamont, B., 1983. “Germination of mistletoes”. In The biology of mistletoes, Edited by:Calder, M., and Bernhardt, P., 129–143. Sydney:Academic Press. In
23. Lamont, B. B., and Southall, K. J., 1982. Biology of the mistletoe Amyema preissii on road verges and undisturbed vegetation. Search, 13:87–88.
24. Mark, A. F., 1977. Vegetation of Mount Aspiring National Park. New Zealand National Parks scientific series no. 2
25. McCracken, I. J., 1980. “Mountain climate in the Craigieburn Range, New Zealand”. In Mountain environments and subalpine tree growth. New Zealand Forest Service technical paper no. 70 Edited by:Benecke, U, and Davis, M., 41–59. In
26. Murphy, S. R., Reid, N., Yan, Z., and Venables, W. N., 1993. Differential passage time of mistletoe fruits through the gut of honeyeaters and flowerpeckers:effects on seedling establishment. Oecologia, 93:171–176.
27. Norton, D. A., 1985. A multivariate technique for estimating New Zealand temperature normals. Weather & climate, 5:64–74.
28. Norton, D. A., 1991. Trilepidea adamsii:an obituary for a species. Conservation biology, 5:52–57.
29. Norton, D. A., 1997. “Host specificity and spatial distribution patterns of mistletoes”. In New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes, Edited by:de Lange, P. J., and Norton, D. A., 105–109. Wellington:Department of Conservation. In
30. Norton, D. A., Hobbs, R. J., and Atkins, L., 1995. Fragmentation, disturbance, and plant distribution:mistletoes in woodland remnants in the Western Australian wheatbelt. Conservation biology, 9:426–438.
31. Norton, D. A., Ladley, J. J., and Sparrow, A., 1997. Development of non-destructive age indices for three New Zealand loranthaceous mistletoes. New Zealand journal of botany, 35:337–343.
32. Norton, D. A., and N. Reid. 1997. Lessons in ecosystem management from management of threatened and pest loranthaceous mistletoes in New Zealand and Australia. Conservation biology, 11:759–769.
33. Nowak, D. J., and McBride, R. R., 1992. Differences in Monterey pine pest populations in urban and natural forests. Forest ecology and management, 50:133–144.
34. O'Donnell, C. F. J., and Dilks, P. J., 1994. Foods and foraging of forest birds in temperate rainforest, south Westland, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of ecology, 18:87–107.
35. Ogle, C., and Wilson, P., 1985. Where have all the mistletoes gone?. Forest and bird, 16(3):10–13.
36. Ogle, C. C., 1997. “Evidence for the impacts of possums on mistletoes”. In New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes, Edited by:de Lange, P. J., and Norton, D. A., 141–147. Wellington:Department of Conservation. In
37. Overton, J. McC., 1994. Dispersal and infection in mistletoe metapopulations. Journal of ecology, 82:711–723.
38. Owen, H. J., and Norton, D. A., 1995. The diet of introduced brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula in a low-diversity New Zealand Nothofagus forest and possible implications for conservation management. Biological conservation, 71:339–345.
39. Powell, G. R., and Norton, D. A., 1994. Contrasts in crown development of the mistletoe Alepis flavida (Hook.f.) Tiegh. and Peraxilla tetrapetala (L.f.) Tiegh. (Loranthaceae) parasitic on Nothofagus solandri (Hook.f.) Oerst., Craigieburn Ecological District, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of botany, 32:497–508.
40. Reid, N., 1989. Dispersion of mistletoes by honeyeaters and flowerpeckers:components of seed dispersal quality. Ecology, 70:137–145.
41. Reid, N., and Lange, R. T., 1988. Host specificity, dispersion and persistence through drought in two arid zone mistletoes. Australian journal of botany, 36:299–313.
42. Reid, N., Stafford Smith, M., and Yan, Z., 1995. “Ecology and population biology of mistletoes”. In Forest canopies, Edited by:Lowman, M. D., and Nadkarni, N. M., 285–310. Orlando:Academic Press. In
43. Sargent, S., 1995. Seed fate in a tropical mistletoe:the importance of host twig size. Functional ecology, 9:197–204.
44. SAS. 1990. SAS/STAT guide for personal computers, version 6 edition, Cary:North Carolina, SAS Institute Inc.
45. Smith, R. B., and Wass, E. F., 1976. Field evaluation of ecological differentiation of dwarf mistletoe on shore pine and western hemlock. Canadian journal of forest research, 6:225–228.
46. Stewart, G. H., 1986. Forest dynamics and disturbance in a beech/hardwood forest, Fiordland, New Zealand. Vegetatio, 68:115–126.
47. Thomson, V. E., and Mahall, B. E., 1983. Host specificity by a mistletoe, Phoradendron villosum (Nutt.) Nutt. subsp. villosum, on three oak species in California. Botanical gazette, 144:124–131.
48. Ullmann, I., Lange, O. L., Ziegler, H., Ehleringer, J., Schulze, E.-D., and Cowan, I. R., 1985. Diurnal courses of leaf conductance and transpiration of mistletoes and their hosts in central Australia. Oecologia, 67:577–587.