Response of the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum to different flux burdens

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 168-180

  Marx, Achim ^a   Striegel, Katharina ^a   De Graaf, Albert A ^a   Sahm, Hermann ^a   Eggeling, Lothar ^a  

^a FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Amino acid production; Bidirectional fluxes; Metabolic fluxes; Metabolite balance; NMR spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

CARBON 13; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMIC ACID; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; LYSINE; PENTOSE PHOSPHATE; TRANSKETOLASE;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; CORYNEBACTERIUM GLUTAMICUM; ENERGY METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; REACTION ANALYSIS;

AMINO ACIDS; BACTERIA; CARBOHYDRATES; ENZYME KINETICS; ENZYMES; ISOTOPES; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; REACTION KINETICS;

METABOLIC FLUXES;

METABOLISM;

EID: 0030609285     PISSN: 00063592     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19971020)56:2<168::AID-BIT6>3.0.CO;2-N     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Bailey, J. E. 1991. Toward a science of metabolic engineering. Science 252: 1668-1675.
2. Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 911-917.
3. Cremer, J., Eggeling, L., Sahm, H. 1991. Control of the lysine biosynthesis sequence in Corynebacterium glutamicum as analysed by overexpression of the individual corresponding genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1746-1752.
4. Dell, K. A., Frost, J. W. 1993. Identification and removal of impediments to biocatalytic synthesis of aromatics from D-glucose: rate-limiting enzymes in the common pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115: 11581-11589.
5. Des Rosiers, C., Fernandez, C. A., David, F., Brunengraber, H. 1994. Reversibility of the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction in the perfused rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 27179-27182.
6. Des Rosiers, C., Di Donato, L., Comte, B., Laplante, A., Marcoux, C., David, F., Fernandez, C. A., Brunengraber, H. 1995. Isotopomer analysis of citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis in rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 10027-10036.
7. Eggeling, L., Sahm, H., de Graaf, A. A. 1996. Quantifying and directing metabolic flux: Application to amino acid overproduction, pp. 1-30. In: T. Scheper (ed.), Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology, vol. 54. Metabolic engineering. Springer, Berlin.
8. Eisenreich, W., Schwarzkopf, B., Bacher A. 1991. Biosynthesis of nucleotides, flavins, and deazaflavins in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 9622-9631.
9. Flanigan, I., Collins, J. G., Arora, K. K., MacLeod, J. K., Williams, J. F. 1993. Exchange reactions catalysed by group-transfering enzymes oppose the quantitation and the unravelling of the identity of the pentose pathway. Eur. J. Biochem. 213: 477-485.
10. Flores, N., Xiao, J., Berry, A., Bolivar, F., Valle, F. 1996. Pathway engineering for the production of aromatic compounds in Escherichia coli. Nature Biotechnol. 14: 620-623.
11. 13C NMR studies of histidine fermentation with a Corynebacterium glutamicum mutant. Agric. Biol. Chem. 50: 307-310.
12. 13C NMR studies of glucose metabolism in L-glutamic acid and L-lysine fermentation by Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 157-165.
13. 14C and estimation of the rates of transaldolase, transketolase, the contribution of the pentose cycle, and ribose phosphate synthesis. Biochemistry 6: 2227-2247.
14. Kinoshita, S., Tanaka, K. 1972. Glutamic acid, pp. 263-342. In: K. Yamada (ed.), The microbial production of amino acids. Wiley, New York.
15. Kiss, R. D. 1991. Metabolic activity control of L-lysine fermentation by restrained growth fed-batch strategies, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA.
16. Krämer, R. 1995. Secretion of amino acids by bacteria: physiology and mechanism. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 13: 75-94.
17. Lambert, C., Erdmann, A., Eikmanns, M.. Krämer, R. 1995. Triggering glutamate excretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum by modulating the membrane state with local anesthetics and osmotic gradients. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 4334-4342.
18. Marx, A., de Graaf, A. A., Wiechert, W., Eggeling, L., Sahm, H. 1996. Determination of the fluxes in the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with metabolite balancing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 49: 111-129.
19. Morbach, S., Kelle, R., Winkels, S., Sahm, H., Eggeling, L. 1996a. Engineering the homoserine dehydrogenase and threonine dehydratase control points to analyze flux towards L-isoleucine in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 45: 612-620.
20. Morbach, S., Sahm, H., Eggeling, L. 1996b. Use of feedback-resistant threonine dehydratases of Corynebacterium glutamicum to increase carbon flux towards L-isoleucine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 4315-4320.
21. Neese, R. A., Schwarz, J.-M., Faix, D., Turner, S., Letscher, A., Vu, D., Hellerstein, M. K. 1995. Gluconeogenesis and intrahepatic triose phosphate flux in response to fasting or substrate loads. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 14452-14463.
22. Newsholme, E. A., Crabtree, B. 1976. Substrate cycles in metabolic regulation and in heat generation. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 41: 61-109.
23. Oishi, K., Aida, K. 1965. Studies on amino acid fermentation. Part XI: Effect of biotin on the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the hexosemonophosphate shunt in a glutamic acid-producing bacterium, Brevibacetrium ammoniagenes 317-1. Agr. Biol. Chem. 29: 83-89.
24. Patnaik, R., Liao, J. C. 1994. Engineering of Escherichia coli central metabolism for aromatic metabolite production with near theoretical yield. App. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 3903-3908.
25. Patnaik, R., Roof, W. D., Young, R. F., Liao, J. C. 1992. Stimulation of glucose catabolism in Escherichia coli by a potential futile cycle. J. Bacteriol. 174: 7527-7532.
26. Patnaik, R., Spitzer, R. G., Liao, J. C. 1994. Pathway engineering for production of aromatics in Escherichia coli: confirmation of stoichiometric analysis by independent modulation of AroG, TktA, and Pps activities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 46: 361-370.
27. Peters-Wendisch, P.G., Eikmanns, B. J., Thierbach, G., Bachmann, B., Sahm, H. 1993. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Corynebacterium glutamicum is dispensable for growth and lysine production. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 112: 269-274.
28. Peters-Wendisch, P. G., Wendisch, V. F., Paul, S., Eikmanns, B. J., Sahm, H. 1997. Pyruvate carboxylase as an anaplerotic reaction in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microbiology, UK.
29. 3-carboxylation as an anaplerotic reaction in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum. Arch. Microbiol. 165: 387-396.
30. Reinscheid, D. J., Kronemeyer, W., Eggeling, L., Eikmanns, B. J., Sahm, H. 1994. Stable expression of hom-1-thrB in Corynebacterium glutamicum and its effect on the carbon flux to threonine and related amino acids. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 126-132.
31. Rognstad, R. 1995. Models of the liver pentose cycle. J. Theor. Biol. 173: 195-206.
32. 13C-NMR studies of Corynebacterium melassecola metabolic pathways. Eur. J. Biochem. 227: 488-493.
33. Sharfstein, S. T., Tucker, S. N., Mancuso, A., Blanch, H. W., Clark, D. S. 1994. Quantitative in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hybridoma metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43: 1059-1074.
34. Scherman, M., Weston, A., Duncan, K., Whittington, A., Upton, R., Deng, L., Comber, R., Friedrich, J. D., McNeil, M. 1995. Biosynthetic origin of mycobacterial cell wall arabinosyl residues. J. Bacteriol. 177: 7125-7130.
35. Schrumpf, B., Eggeling, L., Sahm, H. 1992. Isolation and prominent characteristics of an L-lysine hyperproducing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37: 566-571.
36. Shiio, I., Otsuka, S. I., Takahashi, M. 1962. Effect of biotin on the bacterial formation of glutamic acid. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 52: 108-116.
37. 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Eur. J. Biochem. 213: 1325-1331.
38. 13C NMR studies of the fluxes in the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum during growth and overproduction of amino acids in batch cultures. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 44: 489-495.
39. Stephanopoulos, G., Vallino, J. J. 1991. Network rigidity and metabolic engineering in metabolic overproduction. Science 252: 1675-1680.
40. Stryer, L. 1988. Biochemistry, 3rd edition. W. H. Freeman, New York.
41. Sugimoto. A.-I., Shiio, I. 1989. Regulation of enzymes for erythrose 4-phosphate synthesis in Brevibacterium flavium. Agric. Biol. Chem. 53: 2081-2087.
42. 13C-labeling of proteinogenic amino acids - an efficient analytical tool to investigate intermediary metabolism. Eur. J. Biochem. 232: 433-448.
43. Vallino, J. J. 1991. Identification of branch-point restrictions in microbial metabolism through metabolic flux analysis and local network pertubations, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA.
44. van Gulik, W. M., Heijnen, J. J. 1995. A metabolic network stoichiometry analysis of microbial growth and product formation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 48: 681-698.
45. Varma, A., Palsson, B. O. 1994. Metabolic flux balancing: basic concepts, scientific and practical use. Bio/Technology 12: 994-998.
46. Vrljic, M., Kronemeyer, W., Sahm, H., Eggeling, L. 1994. Unbalance of L-lysine flux in Corynebacterium glutamicum and its use for the isolation of excretion-defective mutants. J. Bacteriol. 177: 4021-4027.
47. Vrljic, M., Sahm, H., Egeling, L. 1996. A new type of transporter with a new type of cellular function: L-lysine export from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Mol. Microbiol 22: 815-826.
48. 13C NMR studies of the biosynthesis by Microbacterium ammoniaphilum of L-glutamate selectively enriched with carbon-13. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 1189-1195.
49. Walsh, K., Koshland, D. E. 1985. Branch point control by the phosphorylation state of isocitrate dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 8430-8437.
50. Wiechert, W., de Graaf, A. A. 1997. Bidirectional reaction steps in metabolic networks. I. Modelling and simulation of carbon labelling experiments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. In press.
51. Wiechert, W., Siefke, C., Marx, A., de Graaf, A. A. 1997. Bidirectional reaction steps in metabolic networks. II. Flux estimation and statistical analysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. In press.
52. Wood, T. 1985. The pentose phosphate pathway. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
53. 13C NMR studies of lysine fermentation with a Corynebacterium glutamicum mutant. Agric. Biol. Chem. 50: 2453-2459.