Intrauterine position affects motoneuron number and muscle size in a sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system

Brain Research

Volumn 735, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 119-124

  Forger, Nancy G ^a   Galef Jr , Bennett G ^b   Clark, Mertice M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Androgen; Cell death; Gerbil; Spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus

Indexed keywords

TESTOSTERONE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELL COUNT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYO; FEMALE; FETUS; GERBIL; HISTOLOGY; MALE; MOTONEURON; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SPINAL NERVE;

EID: 0030607194     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00601-4     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. [1] Breedlove, S.M. and Arnold, A.P., Hormone accumulation in a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus in the rat spinal cord, Science, 210 (1980) 564-566.
2. [2] Breedlove, S.M. and Arnold, A.P., Sexually dimorphic motor nucleus in the rat lumbar spinal cord: response to adult hormone manipulation, absence in androgen-insensitive rats, Brain Res., 225 (1981) 297-307.
3. [3] Breedlove, S.M. and Arnold, A.P., Hormonal control of a developing neuromuscular system. II. Sensitive periods for the androgen-induced masculinization of the rat spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus, J. Neurosci., 3 (1983) 424-432.
4. [4] Breedlove, S.M. and Arnold, A.P., Hormonal control of a developing neuromuscular system. I. Complete demasculinization of the male rat spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus using the anti-androgen flutamide, J. Neurosci., 3 (1983) 417-423.
5. [5] Breedlove, S.M., Jacobson, C.D., Gorski, R.A. and Arnold, A.P., Masculinization of the female rat spinal cord following a single neonatal injection of testosterone propionate but not estradiol benzoate, Brain Res., 237 (1982) 173-181.
6. [6] Cihak, R., Gutmann, E. and Hanzlikova, V., Involution and hormone-persistence of the M. Sphincter (levator) ani in female rats, J. Anat., 106 (1970) 93-110.
7. [7] Clark, M.M., Bishop, A.M., vom Saal, F.S. and Galef Jr., B.G., Responsiveness to testosterone of male gerbils from known intrauterine positions, Physiol. Behav., 53 (1993) 1183-1187.
8. [8] Clark, M.M., Bone, S. and Galef Jr., B.G., Uterine positions and schedules of urination: correlates of differential maternal anogenital stimulation, Dev. Psychobiol., 22 (1989) 389-400.
9. [9] Clark, M.M., Crews, D. and Galef Jr., B.G., Concentrations of sex steroid hormones in pregnant and fetal mongolian gerbils, Physiol. Behav., 49 (1991) 239-243.
10. [10] Clark, M.M. and Galef Jr., E.G., Effects of uterine position on rate of sexual development in female Mongolian gerbils, Physiol. Behav., 42 (1988) 15-18.
11. [11] Clark, M.M., Malenfant, S.A., Winter, D.A. and Galef Jr., B.G., Fetal uterine position affects copulation and scent marking by adult male gerbils, Physiol. Behav., 47 (1990) 301-305.
12. [12] Clark, M.M., Spencer, C.A. and Galef Jr., B.G., Reproductive life history correlates of early and late sexual maturation in female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), Anim. Behav., 34 (1986) 551-560.
13. [13] Clark, M.M., Tucker, L. and Galef Jr., B.G., Stud males and dud males: intrauterine position effects on the reproductive success of male gerbils, Anim. Behav., 43 (1992) 215-221.
14. [14] Clark, M.M., Vom Saal, F.S. and Galef Jr., B.G., Intrauterine positions and testosterone levels of adult male gerbils are correlated, Physiol. Behav., 51 (1992) 957-960.
15. [15] Clemens, L.G., Gladue, B.A. and Coniglio, L.P., Prenatal endogenous androgenic influences on masculine sexual behavior and genital morphology in male and female rats, Hormones Behav., 10 (1978) 40-53.
16. [16] Decker, T.B., Ulibarri, C. and Akesson, T.R., Role of gonadal steroids in the development of lamina X motoneurons that innervate perineal muscles in Mongolian gerbils, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 17 (1991) 1319.
17. [17] Fishman, R.B. and Breedlove, S.M., Neonatal androgen maintains sexually dimorphic muscles in the absence of innervation, Muscle Nerve, 11 (1988) 553-560.
18. [18] Fishman, R.B., Chism, L., Firestone, G.L. and Breedlove, S.M., Evidence for androgen receptors in sexually dimorphic perineal muscles of neonatal male rats. Absence of androgen accumulation by the perineal motoneurons, J. Neurobiol., 21 (1990) 694-704.
19. [19] Forger, N.G. and Breedlove, S.M., Sexual dimorphism in human and canine spinal cord: role of early androgen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83 (1986) 7527-7531.
20. [20] Forger, N.G., Roberts, S.L., Wong, V. and Breedlove, S.M., Ciliary neurotrophic factor maintain motoneurons and their target muscles in developing rats, J. Neurosci., 13 (1993) 4720-4726.
21. [21] Grisham, W., Kerchner, M. and Ward, I.L., Prenatal stress alters sexually dimorphic nuclei in the spinal cord of male rats, Brain Res., 551 (1991) 126-131.
22. [22] Hart, B.L. and Melese-d'Hospital, P.Y., Penile mechanisms and the role of the striated penile muscles in penile reflexes, Physiol. Behav., 31 (1983) 807-813.
23. [23] Konigsmark, B.W., Methods for the counting of neurons. In W.J.H. Nauta and S.O.E. Ebbesson (Eds.), Contemporary Research Methods in Neuroanatomy, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970, pp. 315-340.
24. [24] McKenna, K.E. and Nadelhaft, I., Organization of the pudendal nerve in the male and female rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 240 (1986) 532-549.
25. [25] Meisel, R.L. and Ward, I.L., Fetal female rats are masculinized by male littermates located caudally in the uterus, Science, 213 (1981) 239-242.
26. [26] Mesulam, M.M., Tetramethylbenzidine for horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry: a non-carcinogenic blue reaction-product with superior sensitivity for visualizing neural afferents and efferents, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 26 (1978) 106-117.
27. [27] Moore, C.L., Dou, H. and Juraska, J.M., Maternal stimulation affects the number of motor neurons in a sexually dimorphic nucleus of the lumbar spinal cord, Brain Res., 572 (1992) 52-56.
28. [28] Moore, C.L. and Morelli, G.A., Mother rats interact differently with male and female offspring, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 93 (1979) 677-684.
29. [29] Nordeen, E.J., Nordeen, K.W., Sengelaub, D.R. and Arnold, A.P., Androgen prevents normally occurring cell death in a sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus, Science, 229 (1985) 671-673.
30. [30] Sachs, B.D., Role of the rat's striated penile muscles in penile reflexes, copulation and the induction of pregnancy, J. Reprod. Fertil., 66 (1982) 433-443.
31. [31] Sachs, B.D. and Thomas, D.A., Differential effects of perinatal androgen treatment on sexually dimorphic characteristics of rats, Physiol. Behav., 34 (1985) 735-742.
32. [32] Sengelaub, D.R., Jordan, C.L., Kurz, E.M. and Arnold, A.P., Hormonal control of neuron number in sexually dimorphic spinal nuclei of the rat: II. Development of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus in androgen-insensitive (Tfm) rats, J. Comp. Neurol, 280 (1989) 630-636.
33. [33] Schroder, H.D., Organization of the motoneurons innervating the pelvic muscles of the male rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 192 (1980) 567-587.
34. [34] Tobin, C. and Joubert, Y., The levator ani of the female rat: a suitable model for studying the effects of testosterone on the development of mammalian muscles, Biol. Struct. Morphogen., 1 (1988) 28-33.
35. [35] Tobin, C. and Joubert, Y., Testosterone-induced development of the rat levator ani muscle, Dev. Biol., 146 (1991) 131-138.
36. [36] Ulibarri, C., Popper, P. and Micevych, P.E., Motoneurons dorsolateral to the central canal innervate perineal muscles in the mongolian gerbil, J. Comp. Neurol., 356 (1995) 225-237.
37. [37] Venable, J.H., Morphology of the cells of normal, testosterone-deprived and testosterone-stimulated levator ani muscles, Am. J. Anat., 119 (1966) 271-302.
38. [38] Vom Saal, F.S., Variation in phenotype due to random intrauterine positioning of male and female fetuses in rodents, J. Reprod. Fertil., 62 (1981) 633-650.
39. [39] Vom Saal, F.S., Sexual differentiation in litter-bearing mammals: influence of sex of adjacent fetuses in utero, J. Anim. Sci., 67 (1989) 1824-1840.
40. [40] Vom Saal, F.S. and Bronson, F.H., Sexual characteristics of adult female mice are correlated with their blood testosterone levels during prenatal development, Science, 208 (1980) 597-599.
41. [41] Wagner, C.K. and Clemens, L.G., Perinatal modification of a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus in the spinal cord of the B6D2F1 house mouse, Physiol. Behav., 45 (1989) 831-835.
42. [42] Wainman, P. and Shipounoff, G.C., The effects of castration and testosterone propionate on the striated perineal musculature of the rat, Endocrinology, 29 (1941) 955-978.